☆ 4.0 Article

LARVAL DESCRIPTIONS AND EXUVIAL RETENTION OF TORAMINI (COLEOPTERA: EROTYLIDAE: CRYPTOPHILINAE)

COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN (2020)

Journal

COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN

Volume 74, Issue 1, Pages 1-14

Publisher

COLEOPTERISTS SOC

DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.1.1

Keywords

autotomy; Toramus; Loberoschema; exuvial attachment; debris cloaking; modified hook-like setae

Categories

Entomology

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Japan Science Society (Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant)
Crown Research Institute from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group

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Abstract

The larvae of three species of Toramus Grouvelle and one species of Loberoschema Reitter are described, and morphological character states of larval Toramini Sen Gupta and within Toramus are discussed. Larvae of Toramus attach their exuviae to the distal portions of their abdomen, with each exuvia from the preceding instar attached to one another to form a vertical pile. Exuvial attachment is facilitated by modified hook-like setae with flattened shafts on abdominal tergite VIII, which are inserted into the exuvia of the previous instar. These structures were examined in detail and observed that the flattened setae were broken in some specimens. Preliminary behavioral tests revealed that field-collected spiders attacked the larval body in most instances (25% attacks were on the exuvial pile), and predation success was negligible.

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