The Role of Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Some Related Molecular Biomarkers in Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer

This work was designed to assess the role of BCSC marker expression and the number of mammospheres in cultures of BC tissues from 44 Egyptian women with IDC and 25 healthy women undergoing reduction mammoplasty as controls. BCSCs and their related genes can be used as potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patients with BC as target therapy. Background: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play important role(s) in the development and progression of invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). We assessed the role of BCSC marker expression and the number of mammospheres in cultures of breast cancer (BC) tissues and correlated these data to relevant clinicopathologic features of the patients and overall survival (OS). Methods: Fresh tumor tissue samples were collected from 44 Egyptian female patients with IDC of the breast and 25 healthy women undergoing reduction mammoplasty as a control. The mammosphere number and the RNA expression levels of some cancer stem cell-related genes (PTEN, PI3K, AKT, Wnt, and beta-catenin) were assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction at different stages of BCSC differentiation compared with control samples. Results: The number of CD44(+)CD24(-)(/low) cells associated significantly at the end of culture with the expression level of Wnt, beta-catenin, and distant metastasis (P < .001, P = .015 and P = .003, respectively). There was significant association between the mammosphere number and CD44(+)CD24(-)(/low) cells as well as AKT expression (P = .040 and .021, respectively). PTEN messenger RNA expressed significantly in BC (P < .05). Wnt-RNA expression associated significantly with high tumor stage, positive lymph node status, Her2-neu overexpression, and metastasis (P = .009, .012, .026, and .001, respectively), whereas OS associated significantly with distant metastasis, Wnt, and PTEN expressions (P < .001, P = .001, P = .014, respectively). Conclusion: BCSCs and their related genes (PTEN, PI3K, AKT, Wnt, and beta-catenin) play important roles in the development and progression of BC and they can be used as potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patients with BC or as target therapy. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.