Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sabrina Westgate, Nga Lee Ng
Summary: This study used low-cost sensors to continuously measure size-resolved particulate matter and carbon dioxide in a university classroom. The decay time constant of each pollutant was determined using occupant-generated emissions, and the results showed that quantifying metabolic CO2 decay is a viable method to estimate the timescale of indoor aerosol decay. Both CO2 and particulate matter provided comparable air change rate estimates.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Arturs Staveckis, Anatolijs Borodinecs
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of impinging jet ventilation system in providing desired indoor climate in office buildings through experiments and CFD simulations. Results show that the shape of the air opening has little impact on contaminant and heat removal effectiveness, while circular air openings perform better.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
C. Hirose, N. Ikegaya, A. Hagishima, J. Tanimoto
Summary: This study characterized indoor airflow and occupants' thermal sensations in a cross-ventilated building model sheltered by cube arrays based on large-eddy simulations. Four ventilation models with different openings and block arrangements were examined to understand the effects on wind speed deviations, ventilation rate estimation accuracy, and predicted thermal comfort indices. The study found significant differences in airflow distribution at openings under various conditions, impacting ventilation rate estimations and thermal comfort assessments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Leela Kempton, Dan Daly, Georgios Kokogiannakis, Mark Dewsbury
Summary: Sealing gaps in a house to reduce energy consumption may lead to reduced indoor air quality, but the evidence for direct correlations between increased airtightness and indoor air quality is limited.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Arman Ameen, Alireza Bahrami, Ibai Elosua Ansa
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the thermal comfort parameters (such as PMV and PPD) and indoor air quality, including CO2 concentration, in the library group study rooms at the University of Gavle in Sweden. The results show that the ventilation system, with only temperature control, is not effective in maintaining the recommended CO2 concentration when multiple students occupy the rooms. Therefore, a modification to the ventilation system control is recommended, changing it from temperature control to CO2 and temperature control.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wasem Esmael Omer Ghoma, Hakan Sevik, Kaan Isinkaralar
Summary: Tobacco smoke releases toxic metals into the environment, impacting indoor air quality significantly. Poor ventilation in indoor environments leads to reduced air quality. Indoor plants can effectively absorb and monitor these toxic metals, with F. elastica showing more resistance to smoking and S. wallisii being a better choice as a biomonitoring plant for tobacco smoke.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
M. T. Miranda, P. Romero, V. Valero-Amaro, J. Arranz, I Montero
Summary: Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 can be transmitted through aerosols in indoor areas such as educational centers. Ventilation is a crucial measure in reducing the risk of infection. A study analyzed the effects of natural ventilation through windows on indoor air quality and thermal comfort during on-site examinations in higher education centers during the winter season. The results showed that ventilation conditions were generally adequate, but they might affect the thermal comfort of the occupants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shamila Haddad, Afroditi Synnefa, Miguel Angel Padilla Marcos, Riccardo Paolini, Steven Delrue, Deo Prasad, Mattheos Santamouris
Summary: A field study was conducted in secondary school classrooms in Sydney, Australia, where the use of a cloud-connected demand-controlled mechanical extract ventilation system (DCV) significantly improved air quality and comfort. Students demonstrated adaptability to indoor temperature and CO2 concentration changes. Understanding indoor air quality and thermal environment is crucial for developing child-friendly design guidelines for schools.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ling-Yi Chang, Tong-Bou Chang
Summary: The Executive Yuan in Taiwan plans to install air-conditioning (A/C) in all elementary schools within two years. However, the use of A/C will close the doors and windows, leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the classrooms. Excessive indoor CO2 concentration can reduce cognitive performance and learning efficiency. Therefore, it is important to introduce external air into the classrooms to increase air exchange rate and reduce CO2 concentration.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ashraf Mimi Elsaid, M. Salem Ahmed
Summary: The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in widespread infections and deaths, impacting global activities and the economy. Improving air conditioning systems, particularly air filters, is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus and maintain indoor air quality.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lin-Rui Jia, Jie Han, Xi Chen, Qing-Yun Li, Chi-Chung Lee, Yat-Hei Fung
Summary: The study suggests that the thermal comfort prediction model should consider factors such as genders, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and that mixed-mode ventilation combining natural and mechanical approaches is preferred for its lower energy consumption and improved thermal comfort. Optimization of passive design parameters of buildings can significantly reduce ventilation demands while maintaining indoor thermal comfort.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nishant Raj Kapoor, Ashok Kumar, Tabish Alam, Anuj Kumar, Kishor S. Kulkarni, Paolo Blecich
Summary: Research on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Indian school classrooms has been lacking organization and comprehensive methodology, hindering the assessment and improvement of IEQ parameters. Future research should focus on integrating current conditions with advancements in technology and addressing the impact of factors like the COVID-19 pandemic and Artificial Intelligence on IEQ in educational settings.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shuanghua Cao, Xin Li, Bing Yang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of dynamic and steady-state operation modes of indoor air conditioning on the heat and moisture transfer of the envelope structure, showing that dynamic operation mode can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to steady-state operation mode while maintaining the same thermal comfort.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xianfeng Huang, Chen Qu
Summary: The study aims to assess different ventilation schemes in shops on a Nanning qilou street in order to identify the best one, through in situ measurement and numerical simulation to investigate humans' thermal comfort in extreme summer. The results show that the upper-inlet-upper-outlet mode of the AC ventilation scheme led to a favorable air quality and comfortable thermal environment inside the shop.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Murat Mustafa, Malcolm J. Cook, Robert S. McLeod
Summary: This study investigates the ability of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and natural ventilation systems to maintain thermal comfort in an auditorium with high internal heat gains and tiered seating. The results show that a thermally comfortable environment can be achieved for up to 80% of the year using mixed mode ventilation and intelligent design strategies. Natural ventilation mode also provides increased fresh air supply capacity, which is important for mitigating airborne viral transmission.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Umar, Salman Atif, Mark L. Hildebrandt, Ali Tahir, Muhammad Azmat, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: The research indicates a significant decreasing trend in AOT over northern Pakistan and from western to eastern India, while active fire events are increasing significantly in northern Pakistan and decreasing in southern and southeastern India. The study highlights regional differences in AOT and fire event trends in South Asia.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bilal Asif, Muhammad Zeeshan, Sidra Iftekhar, Mika Sillanpaa
Summary: The study evaluates the impact of CeO2 doping on the performance of Co3O4/TiO2 composite catalyst and its efficiency improvement in three-way catalytic conversion. The doping of CeO2 significantly enhances the surface area of the catalyst, leading to improved conversion efficiency of the three exhaust gases.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shoaib Raza Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan, Muhammad Faheem Khokhar, Zeshan, Iftikhar Ahmad
Summary: This study investigates the co-pyrolysis of rice straw and waste tire, and shows that the feedstock ratio has a significant impact on the products.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shoaib Raza Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of low-cost natural zeolite catalyst, metallic content, and various pretreatments of rice straw on the quality and quantity of oil derived from co-pyrolysis and catalytic co-pyrolysis with scrap rubber tires. The results show that the catalytic combination of pretreated RS-SRT is an effective route to improve product quality, with catalyst incorporation further enhancing the results.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Moniba Mushtaq, Muhammad Zeshan, Muhammad Zeeshan, Ismat Nawaz, Muneeb Hassan
Summary: Cattle manure contaminated with the veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) can negatively impact the anaerobic digestion process, reducing biogas yield and volatile solids removal. This study used two different kinetic models to validate the biogas data, with the modified Gompertz model showing the best fit to the experimental data.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Momina Ahmad, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of renewable energy systems in Pakistan by analyzing various parameters including meteorological, land-use, techno-economic, and environmental aspects. The researchers find high correlation and low bias in the radiation datasets considered, as well as strong correlation between the temperature and air pressure datasets and ground measurements. Resource maps are created based on long-term timeseries data, and spatial feasibility and site suitability are assessed using specific meteorological, socio-economic, and environmental parameters. The study also evaluates the techno-economic potential of the renewable energy systems using bias-corrected datasets. The research identifies a cumulative power capacity potential of 10,035 GW for Pakistan, with a net cost estimated below 0.096 USD/kWh. Nine sites are found to have the potential to fulfill the country's total predicted energy demand for 2030, but the installation of concentrated solar power plants is limited by factors such as land cover and lack of access to transmission networks.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rabab Rabbani, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of wind power plants in Pakistan under different policy scenarios, considering both local and foreign financing options. The results show that Sujawal is the most favorable location with the shortest payback period, while the decrease in tariffs for wind power over time has a negative impact on the project's economic benefits.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahmad Hassan, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: This study investigated and compared the microbial load, composition, and prevalence of fungal and bacterial species in hospital sites with different ventilation systems, disinfection frequencies, and occupancy levels. The results showed that outpatient departments and wards had the highest levels of bacteria and fungi, while operation theaters had the lowest concentration. Sites with central/mechanical HVAC systems, higher cleaning frequency, and lower occupant's density had lower contamination levels. Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. were the most abundant bacterial microbiota, while Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were the predominant fungal genera observed.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shoaib Raza Khan, Daniel Ciolkosz, Juliana Vasco -Correa, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the techno-economic performance of six different ratios of rice straw and waste tire pyrolysis plants, and finds that the plant using 20% rice straw and 80% waste tire is the most economical alternative.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Momina Ahmad, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: In this study, techno-economic evaluation and optimization of concentrated solar power plants considering design parameters and thermal energy storage are conducted. The results show that the combination of appropriate solar multiple and storage can significantly increase electricity generation and reduce costs. Wet-cooled solar towers perform the best in all climate zones. Additionally, the levelized cost of electricity is a better metric for economic viability than net present value.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Momina Ahmad, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: The objective of this study is to include environmental impact in optimization of concentrated solar power plants. Numerical investigations are conducted to compare the performance of solar towers and parabolic trough collectors at different climatic zones. Techno-economic analysis is used to quantify water usage and compare the environmental impact of concentrated solar power plants with natural gas-based power plants. Multi-objective 'balanced' solutions are proposed, which offer low levelized cost of electricity, high electricity generation, and significant reduction in environmental impact. Semi-arid climates are found suitable for concentrated solar power plant installation.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ayesha Asif, Muhammad Zeeshan, Shoaib Raza Khan, Nabia Farrukh Sohail
Summary: This study conducted a field survey to assess indoor thermal comfort and compared the accuracy of three comfort temperature prediction models. The results showed that there was no statistical difference in indoor comfort temperature between genders, although there were differences in thermal sensation votes. Logistic regression method performed better in terms of accuracy.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Momina Ahmad, Muhammad Zeeshan, Junaid Aziz Khan
Summary: This study integrates meteorological and air quality parameters, lifecycle costs and environmental emissions with geospatial, techno-economic parameters to determine potential and suitability of photovoltaic power plants. Strategic planning is required to bridge the gap between sustainability theory and good practice.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahmad Iqbal, Naveed Ahmad, Hassan Mohy Ud Din, Michel Van Roozendael, Muhammad Shehzaib Anjum, Muhammad Zeeshan Ali Khan, Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
Summary: This study compares NO2 retrieval settings using DOAS and validates satellite observations with ground-based measurements. The results show that TROPOMI data is more synonymous to ground-based measurements and seasonal trends of NO2 column densities are observed.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Absar Ahmed, Shoaib Raza Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: The study found that the addition of natural zeolite (NZ) catalyst has a significant impact on the co-pyrolysis of wheat straw and waste tires, improving the quality and yield of oil, as well as enhancing the content and physiochemical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Parth Bansal, Steven Jige Quan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between urban form and canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) using a relatively large sample of microclimate sensors in Seoul, Korea. The study compares different statistical models and finds that the spatially explicit gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model has the highest accuracy. The study also shows that the effect of urban form on CUHI varies at different time instances during the day. These findings provide valuable insights for planners to understand the complexity of urban climate and reduce CUHI magnitude.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaomiao Liu, Salah Almazmumi, Pinlu Cao, Carlos Jimenez-bescos, John Kaiser Calautit
Summary: Windcatchers provide effective low-energy ventilation and summer passive cooling in temperate climates. However, their use in winter is limited due to significant ventilation heat loss and potential discomfort. This study evaluates the applicability of windcatchers in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the need for control strategies to reduce over-ventilation and the integration of heat recovery or thermal storage to enhance winter thermal conditions.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Behrouz Nourozi, Aneta Wierzbicka, Runming Yao, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This article presents a systematic review of ventilation solutions in hospital wards, aiming to enhance pathogen removal performance while maintaining patient and healthcare staff comfort using air-cleaning techniques. The study reveals the importance of proper ventilation systems in reducing infection risk and adverse effects of cross-contamination.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Yang, Weirong Zhang, Hongkai Liu, Weijia Zhang, Mingyuan Qin
Summary: The study examines the influence of personalized local heating on the thermal comfort of occupants in old residential buildings. The findings reveal that personalized local heating can increase the overall thermal sensation of occupants, but only a few methods are effective in enhancing thermal comfort. The chosen heating methods and background temperature affect the participants' selection of heating parts.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hong Cheng, Dan Norback, Huilin Zhang, Liu Yang, Baizhan Li, Yinping Zhang, Zhuohui Zhao, Qihong Deng, Chen Huang, Xu Yang, Chan Lu, Hua Qian, Tingting Wang, Ling Zhang, Wei Yu, Juan Wang, Xin Zhang
Summary: The home environment and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in five southern Chinese cities have been studied over time. The study found a decrease in asthma prevalence and an increase in allergic rhinitis. Cockroaches, rats, mice, mosquitoes or flies were identified as consistent biological risk factors for SBS symptoms, while redecoration, buying new furniture, and traffic air pollution were identified as other risk factors.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chaojie Xing, Zhengtao Ai, Zhiwei Liu, Cheuk Ming Mak, Hai Ming Wong
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the emission characteristics of droplets around the mouth during dental treatments. The results showed that the peak mass fraction of droplets occurs within the size range of 20 μm to 100 μm, and droplets with a diameter less than 200 μm account for over 80% of the mass fraction. The dominant emission direction of droplets is towards the dummy's head and chest, forming an approximately cone shape.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Zhe Han, Lina Hu, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong
Summary: This study compared the effects of different respiratory behaviors on the distribution of aerosols in a ward and the risk of infection for healthcare workers using numerical simulation. It was found that talking in the ward significantly increased aerosol concentrations, particularly short periods of talking. Wards designed with side-supply ventilation had lower overall infection risk. Talking alternately between healthcare workers and patients slightly extended the impact time of aerosols.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Yan, Mengyuan Kang, Haodong Zhang, Zhiwei Lian, Xiaojun Fan, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Li Lan
Summary: In a high-density city, opening windows for sleep may lead to increased indoor temperature, higher PM2.5 concentration, and noise disturbance, which can negatively impact sleep quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Bai, Liang Liu, Kai Liu, Shuai Yu, Yifan Shen, Di Sun
Summary: This study developed a non-intrusive personal thermal comfort model using machine learning techniques combined with infrared facial recognition. The results showed that the ensemble learning models perform better than traditional models, and the broad learning model has a higher prediction precision with lower computational complexity and faster training speed compared to deep neural networks. The findings provide a reference for optimizing building thermal environments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Lei, Zeynep Duygu Tekler, Sicheng Zhan, Clayton Miller, Adrian Chong
Summary: Mixed-mode ventilation is a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environments. This study found that occupants can thermally adapt when switching between natural ventilation (NV) and air-conditioning (AC) modes within the same day, with the adaptation process stabilizing between 35 to 45 minutes after the mode switch. These findings are important for optimizing thermal comfort in mixed-mode controls, considering the dynamic nature of thermal adaptation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nan Mo, Jie Han, Yingde Yin, Yelin Zhang
Summary: This study develops a method based on the LCZ framework for a comprehensive evaluation of urban-scale heat island effects, considering the impact of geographic factors on LST. The results show that Guilin's geomorphological conditions lead to abnormal heat island effects during winter, and the cooling effects of mountains and water bodies vary seasonally in different built areas, with LCZ 2 exhibiting the strongest cooling effect.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: Monitoring the potential formaldehyde emission of wood-based materials through test chamber investigations has significantly contributed to reducing indoor formaldehyde concentrations. However, the different methodologies used in these procedures prevent direct result comparison. Empirical models for converting formaldehyde steady-state concentrations based on temperature, humidity, air change rate, and loading were developed in the 1970s and have been modified to accommodate the development of lower-emitting materials. Formaldehyde emissions from wood-based materials are complex and require nonlinear regression tools for mathematical analysis.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katarina Stebelova, Katarina Kovacova, Zuzana Dzirbikova, Peter Hanuliak, Tomas Bacigal, Peter Hartman, Andrea Vargova, Jozef Hraska
Summary: This study investigated the impact of reduced short-wavelength light on the hormone melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (u-sMEL) and examined the association between previous day's light exposure and u-sMEL. It was found that reducing short-wavelength light during the day did not change the concentration of u-sMEL. Personal photopic illuminance was positively correlated with u-sMEL in the reference week. The illuminance had a significant impact on u-sMEL, as shown by the evaluation of the mean of all three urine samples. However, this correlation was not found in the experimental week.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruoxin Xiong, Ying Shi, Haoming Jing, Wei Liang, Yorie Nakahira, Pingbo Tang
Summary: This study proposes a data-model integration method to identify and calibrate uncertainties in machine learning models, leading to improved thermal perception predictions. The method utilizes the Multidimensional Association Rule Mining algorithm to identify biased human responses and enhances prediction accuracy and reliability. The study also evaluates different calibration techniques and discovers their potential in enhancing prediction reliability.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Beichao Hu, Zeda Yin, Abderrachid Hamrani, Arturo Leon, Dwayne McDaniel
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative super-resolution approach to model the air flow and temperature field in the cold aisle of a data center. The proposed method reconstructs a high-fidelity flow field by using a low-fidelity flow field, significantly reducing the computational time and enabling real-time prediction.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
