Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ashwin Karnik, Gurjot Malhi, Theodore Ho, Stacy Riffle, Kylie Keller, Soo-Jeong Kim
Summary: This study examines whether disparities exist in research participation at the pre-recruitment stage. The results suggest the need for further efforts to equitably disseminate research opportunities to patients of diverse backgrounds, in order to achieve equity in both clinical and research advancements in autism and related developmental disorders.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Gerontology
Jennifer H. Lingler, Dianxu Ren, Lisa K. Tamres, Melissa L. Knox, Uchenna Mbawuike, Ishan C. Williams, Rena A. S. Robinson, Judy L. Cameron, Melita H. Terry, Marita Garrett
Summary: This study explores factors associated with interest in AD research among Black or African American adults following exposure to RIDE narrative campaign materials. The results indicate that participants expressed interest in being contacted for AD research opportunities. Prior experience with clinical research and trust in medical researchers were identified as independent predictors of likelihood of enrolling in AD research. The study suggests that participant narratives should address the burdens and potential benefits of AD research participation as these factors may influence subsequent research enrollment.
Article
Nursing
Fay Wright, Susan Kohl Malone, Agnes Wong, Gail D'Eramo Melkus, Victoria Vaughan Dickson
Summary: The article describes successful recruitment and retention strategies used by two related studies within a P20 center focused on precision health research in diverse populations. It emphasizes the importance of flexibility, active listening, bidirectional conversations, and innovative problem solving in recruiting diverse populations.
Article
Immunology
Amir M. Mohareb, Tyler S. Brown
Summary: Student debt in the United States is a significant burden on medical graduates and discourages some from pursuing careers in cognitive specialties like infectious diseases. Addressing student debt could transform infectious disease recruitment and contribute to underserved public health needs, while also potentially narrowing the racial wealth gap.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Nicole Stephenson, Erick Forno, Theresa A. Laguna, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Paul E. Moore, Beverley J. Sheares, Traci M. Kazmerski, Mfonobong N. Udoko, Monica L. Lypson, Leslie R. Walker Harding, David S. Wilkes, Dionne J. Adair, Folashade Afolabi, Vivek Balasubramaniam, Guillermo J. Beltran Ale, Lauren M. Castner, Princy Ghera, Andrea Heras, Kamyron Jordan, Ngoc P. Ly, Tanya M. Martinez-Fernandez, Pooja E. Mishra, Indra Narang, John B. Palla, Yadira M. Rivera-Sanchez, Ignacio E. Tapia, Demet Toprak, Cherie A. Torres-Silva, Robyn T. Cohen
Summary: Despite the growing recognition of diversity and equity in healthcare, there is still a lack of representation from historically underrepresented groups in the medical workforce. This study focuses on the field of pediatric pulmonology and aims to understand the demographics and challenges faced by this workforce. The findings provide strategies and resources to improve recruitment, training, and career development for underrepresented individuals.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Sarah M. Russel, Zainab Farzal, Charles Ebert, Robert Buckmire, Christine DeMason, Rupali Shah, Dennis O. Frank-Ito
Summary: This study aimed to assess inequities in representation and promotion opportunities by race in academic otolaryngology. The results showed that black, Latine, and Asian otolaryngologists were underrepresented at all ranks. Additionally, medical students from these racial backgrounds had lower odds of becoming otolaryngology residents compared to their white peers. Efforts should be made to recruit more American Indian/Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander faculty in this field.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael A. Yassa, Aimee L. Edinger
Summary: A diverse faculty is crucial for maximizing productivity and innovation in research, as well as increasing the success of underrepresented groups. However, there is currently a mismatch between the diversity of graduate students and faculty, particularly in biomedical sciences, due to biases in hiring practices, lack of equal opportunities, and unwelcoming campus climates. To address these issues, institutions of higher education should adopt comprehensive strategies to diversify faculty recruitment and create an inclusive and welcoming environment.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jerome Atutornu, Richard Milne, Alesia Costa, Christine Patch, Anna Middleton
Summary: Despite concerns about equity and social justice, the representation of traditionally scientifically underserved groups in genomic research remains low. Factors contributing to this include a lack of trust in the research community and limited diversity in this community. Building trust requires increasing diversity among researchers and engaging meaningfully with underrepresented communities in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Richard T. Benson, Walter J. Koroshetz
Summary: Health advances have not reached everyone equally, and achieving health equity remains a goal. The National Institutes of Health prioritize research that enhances health equity, and this article outlines their ongoing programs to eliminate health disparities and the challenges faced in achieving this.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sarah E. Gollust, Kathleen T. Call, J. Robin Moon, Bonnie Cluxton, Zinzi Bailey
Summary: This paper describes the curriculum of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Interdisciplinary Research Leaders (IRL) program, which aims to cultivate leaders, promote health equity in communities, and address health inequities through research and action.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jenna Glover, Courtney Lynn, Jacob B. W. Holzman, Monique Germone, Ayelet Talmi
Summary: This study describes a quality improvement process to reduce bias and increase inclusion and equity in the recruitment of health service psychology interns in an American Psychological Association-accredited psychology internship program at a national children's hospital. The study utilized two Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles targeting the application review and the interview processes, primarily using supervisor engagement and feedback to inform these processes.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Carina Okiki, Giada Giusmin, Jane Carpenter, Louise Hunter
Summary: This study aims to explore the recruitment experiences of UK midwifery applicants from BAME backgrounds and describe their perceptions and experiences of the application process. The findings suggest that while there are similarities between BAME and non-BAME applicants in many aspects, there are also some differences. The focus group findings highlight the multiple challenges and inequities BAME midwifery applicants face throughout the application process, as well as their perception that midwifery is a niche, predominantly white profession. The applicants value proactive support, increased diversity, mentorship opportunities, and an individualized approach to recruitment.
NURSE EDUCATION IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tamar Mendelson, Steven C. Sheridan, Laura K. Clary
Summary: Research with low-income urban youth of color requires strategies such as developing university-community partnerships, effective participant recruitment, and retention, while paying attention to youth characteristics like gender and ethnicity to minimize bias in study results. Lessons learned from a school-based trial emphasize the importance of maximizing scientific rigor, promoting positive research experiences, and providing concrete benefits to participants.
RESEARCH IN SOCIAL & ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Paul L. Simpson, Jill Guthrie, Jocelyn Jones, Tony Butler
Summary: Health disparities in incarcerated populations should guide investment in health care and research, with a focus on priorities identified by citizens' juries in Australian prisons. Mental health was the top research priority, along with other issues such as prison health-care services, substance abuse, and education. Inclusive views of the most health affected citizens are crucial for setting research priorities aligned with health equity goals.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Madeline G. Goldfarb, Darin R. Brown
Summary: Functional neuroimaging has played a crucial role in cognitive neuroscience, but concerns arise regarding its reproducibility and bias. Biases in scientific research perpetuate homogeneous participation, leading to failed replicability and inaccurate representations of normal neurological conditions. This study investigates participant recruitment and documentation practices, revealing a lack of reporting on race and ethnicity demographics in neuroimaging research. The findings emphasize the need for increased transparency and diversity in research participation.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Dialechti Tsimpida, Maria Panagioti, Evangelos Kontopantelis
Summary: This study aimed to update the prevalence estimates of hearing loss in older adults in England. By comparing participants from different regions and age groups, marked regional variability in the prevalence of hearing loss was found. Using a socio-spatial approach to plan sustainable models of hearing care based on the actual populations' needs offers a viable opportunity for healthier lives. Regular assessment of the extent and causality of the population's different audiological needs is strongly supported.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Jon Gibson, Anne McBride, Katherine Checkland, Mhorag Goff, Mark Hann, Damian Hodgson, Imelda McDermott, Matt Sutton, Sharon Spooner
Summary: This study confirms the increasing role of diverse teams in providing primary care in England. Practice managers prefer accessing new non-medical roles through primary care networks rather than directly employing all new roles within the practice. A more detailed investigation of future workforce requirements is necessary to ensure that health policy supports the mix of roles needed in an effective primary care workforce.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH & POLICY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charlie Moss, Laura Anselmi, Matt Sutton
Summary: This study investigates the discharge destinations and re-attendance within 7 days among homeless patients in emergency departments. Results show that patients with a high frequency of past ED use are more likely to leave without treatment and re-attend within 7 days. Patients not registered at a general practice are more likely to leave without treatment or die in the ED and have lower odds of unplanned re-attendance. Patients with a primary diagnosis of 'social problems' are more likely to be discharged without follow-up, while patients with a psychiatric primary diagnosis are more likely to be referred to other healthcare providers or outpatient clinics.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rosa Parisi, Yiu-Shing Lau, Peter Bower, Katherine Checkland, Jill Rubery, Matt Sutton, Sally J. Giles, Aneez Esmail, Sharon Spooner, Evangelos Kontopantelis
Summary: Primary care in England faces challenges with high turnover of general practitioners (GPs), and it is unclear whether there are specific predictors and associations with poor population health outcomes. This retrospective observational study found that larger practices in deprived areas with higher morbidity burden were more likely to experience persistent high turnover. Persistent high turnover was associated with poorer service indicators and health outcomes.
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Victoria A. Goodwin, Mikaela S. A. Low, Terence J. Quinn, Emma J. Cockcroft, Victoria Shepherd, Philip H. Evans, Emily J. Henderson, Farhat Mahmood, Mary Ni Lochlainn, Catherine Needham, Benjamin R. Underwood, Amit Arora, Miles D. Witham
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop recommendations for promoting the inclusion of older people in research. A diverse stakeholder group identified barriers and solutions to including older people, leading to the development of 14 recommendations and four guiding questions. These recommendations provide practical advice for improving the inclusion of older people in health and care research.
Article
Economics
Anna Wilding, Luke Munford, Matt Sutton
Summary: Social participation is associated with improved health, well-being, and reduced social isolation. Using data from the UK's Community Life Survey, the study finds that social participation is linked to reduced loneliness, improved health, increased life satisfaction, and happiness. These effects are more pronounced for individuals with lower socio-economic status and suggest that interventions should focus on increasing community asset infrastructure and encouraging social participation in this group.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Georgia Chatzi, William Whittaker, Tarani Chandola, Thomas Mason, Claudia Soiland-Reyes, Matt Sutton, Peter Bower
Summary: The impact factors of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) in England are not well understood. This study compares the representation of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) population at different stages of the DPP and finds that younger and older adults, as well as people living in deprived areas, are slightly under-represented in the programme. Ethnic minorities are over-represented at the identification and offer stages but drop at the programme completion stage. The DPP has the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities but may widen socioeconomic, age, and health-related inequalities in T2DM.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel R. Morales, Mark Minchin, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Martin Roland, Matt Sutton, Bruce Guthrie
Summary: This study aimed to compare the impact of the withdrawal of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) scheme in primary care in Scotland in 2016 on the recorded quality of care, compared with England where the scheme continued. The results showed a significant decrease in performance for most quality of care indicators in Scotland after the abolition of QOF.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rathi Ravindrarajah, Matt Sutton, David Reeves, Sarah Cotterill, Emma Mcmanus, Rachel Meacock, William Whittaker, Claudia Soiland-Reyes, Simon Heller, Peter Bower, Evangelos Kontopantelis
Summary: This study examines whether adults referred to the NHS Healthier You Diabetes Prevention Programme in England are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings show that people referred to the programme have a 20% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those who were not referred. These results support the rapid implementation of the programme in England and suggest its continuation and expansion to other parts of the United Kingdom.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Gemma Stringer, Jane Ferguson, Kieran Walshe, Christos Grigoroglou, Thomas Allen, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Darren M. Ashcroft
Summary: This study investigated the use of locum doctors in NHS Trusts in England and highlighted concerns regarding continuity of care, patient safety, team function, and cost. The findings emphasized the need to address issues related to locum engagement, management, and overall quality. Further research is needed to examine locum working arrangements and compare the performance of locums and permanent doctors to ensure safe and high-quality care for patients.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Knapp, Thirimon Moe-Byrne, Jacqueline Martin-Kerry, Rebecca Sheridan, Jenny Roche, Elizabeth Coleman, Peter Bower, Steven Higgins, Catherine Stones, Jonathan Graffy, Jenny Preston, Carrol Gamble, Bridget Young, Daniel Perry, Annegret Dahlmann-Noor, Mohamed Abbas, Payal Khandelwal, Siobhan Ludden, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Emma McConnell, Nicky Mandall, Anna Lawson, Chris A. Rogers, Helena J. M. Smartt, Rachael Heys, Simon R. Stones, Danielle Horton Taylor, Sophie Ainsworth, Jenny Ainsworth
Summary: By comparing multimedia information (MMI) and printed participant information sheets (PIS), the study found that MMI can increase the recruitment rate of trials, but has no effect on the quality of decision-making. MMI is a useful tool for recruiting children and young people in trials.
Article
Primary Health Care
Gemma Stringer, Jane Ferguson, Kieran Walshe, Christos Grigoroglou, Thomas Allen, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Darren M. Ashcroft
Summary: A survey was conducted to explore locum working in English general practices. The findings revealed that practices frequently relied on locums, preferring those who were familiar with the processes and patients. However, there were concerns about cost, continuity of care, and the lack of national guidance and support for locum engagement.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alyaa M. Ajabnoor, Rosa Parisi, Salwa S. Zghebi, Darren M. Ashcroft, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Charlotte Morris, Mamas A. Mamas, Evangelos Kontopantelis
Summary: The study examines the association between certain types of cancer and the balance between stroke and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Alexander Hodkinson, Salwa S. Zghebi, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Christos Grigoroglou, Darren M. Ashcroft, Mark Hann, Carolyn A. Chew-Graham, Rupert A. Payne, Paul Little, Simon de Lusignan, Anli Zhou, Aneez Esmail, Maria Panagioti
Summary: The study found that the well-being of GPs is associated with the overprescribing of strong opioids and antibiotics in primary care. GPs with higher levels of burnout symptoms, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intentions are more likely to overprescribe these medications. Additionally, longer working hours and practices located in the north of England are also associated with increased prescribing of strong opioids and antibiotics.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Joseph Hutchinson, Kath Checkland, Jon Gibson, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Matt Sutton
Summary: This study examines the impact of surrounding general practice closures on the funding, list size, workforce composition, and quality of surviving practices. The findings indicate that higher exposure to closures leads to larger practice sizes, reduced funding per patient, and decreased patient satisfaction with services.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)