Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinling Cai, Yu Wang, Jie Liu, Xinzhi Zhang, Fengmei Li
Summary: This study uses NaOH/urea and electrohydrolysis pretreatment to enhance the disruption of rice straw and the production of biofuels and chemicals. The pretreatment methods effectively disrupt the lignin structure and increase the cellulose crystallinity of rice straw. The hydrolysis of the pretreated rice straw produces a higher amount of reducing sugars and an increased yield of hydrogen.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Junfeng Li, Xiaoyue Tang, Sifan Chen, Jie Zhao, Tao Shao
Summary: This study extracted and enriched cellulolytic microbial consortia from yak, which when combined with lactic acid bacteria and added to rice straw silage, significantly increased bioethanol production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jie Zhao, Xuxiong Tao, Junfeng Li, Yushan Jia, Tao Shao
Summary: Silencing rice straw with dilute formic acid can reduce the cost of lignocellulosic pretreatment and improve fermentation dynamics and enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of 0.6% formic acid showed the best results in promoting hemicellulose removal and xylose production, leading to increased cellulose convertibility and glucose yield.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Qiyu Chen, Yufei Li, Chengli Wang, Yue Wang
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alkaline pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and microbial agents on the decomposition of rice straw. Results showed that NaOH pretreatment increased the pH and decreased electrical conductivity of the rice straw. Bacillus subtilis agent improved the temperature of the decomposition process and increased the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in the rice straw. Overall evaluation indicated that Bacillus subtilis agent had the most significant effect on rice straw composting under both NaOH and no NaOH pretreatment conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Zakie Esmaeili, Mehdi Bazarganipour, Hamid Zilouei
Summary: A porous activated carbon (CK-Ar) was prepared from rice straw (RS) by carbonization of extractive materials and then used as a precursor for the synthesis of sulfonated magnetic carbon (sMCK-Ar) as a solid acid catalyst. The physicochemical and morphological properties of CK-Ar, magnetic carbon (MCK-Ar), and sMCK-Ar samples were investigated. The sMCK-Ar catalyst showed a porous soft structure with a high surface area and different acidic functional groups, and it exhibited good performance in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dolly Kumari, Radhika Singh
Summary: This study proposes a green pretreatment method using highly alkaline petha wastewater to pretreat lignocellulosic waste rice straw. The method is more efficient and environmentally friendly compared to traditional chemical pretreatment methods.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hong Wang, Yu Hua, Huiping Li, Long Chen, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigated the application of hydrothermal pretreatment in the anaerobic degradation of rice straw, finding that alkaline-thermal pretreatment can damage the straw surface and facilitate the dissolution of cellulose and hemicellulose, resulting in higher sugar concentration. The study also discovered that the hydrolysates contain various potentially reusable substances. These findings provide important new insights and technical support for the high-value utilization of rice straw.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yang Yu, Jianming Yu, Zhao Wang, Xinchuan Yuan, Xiangxue Chen, Rui Zhai, Zhaoxian Xu, Mingjie Jin
Summary: This study successfully conducted microbial lipid production at high solid loading without the need for washing or detoxification, using DLC pretreatment method. The highest lipid titers were achieved on DLCA-RS, showcasing the effectiveness of this pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biorefineries.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yulin Ma, Xu Chen, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Jianxin Xiao, Shuai Liu, Jingjun Wang, Gibson Maswayi Alugongo, Zhijun Cao
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of CSL and urea-alkali pretreatment on enhancing ruminal microbiome degradation and hydrolysis of rice straw. The results showed that the pretreatment altered the structure of RS, enhanced microbial colonization, and induced adhesion of specific bacterial species.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Doan Van Thuoc, Nguyen Thi Chung, Rajni Hatti-Kau
Summary: Rice straw is an important low-cost feedstock for bio-based economy, and the study demonstrates that alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw can lead to the production of PHA by isolated bacteria, which helps increase PHA yield.
BIORESOURCES AND BIOPROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shaohua Sun, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zhaoyang Yang, Chunmei Liu, Xiaoyu Zuo, Yang Tang, Pingyu Wan, Yanping Liu, Xiujin Li, Frederic Coulon, Qing Hu, Xiao Jin Yang
Summary: The efficacy of different pretreatments for anaerobic digestion of rice straw was studied, showing that NaOH-H2O2, eNaOH-H2O2, and EH can enhance biogas production. These treatments decrease cellulose crystallinity and promote microbial degradation.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Shereena P. Joy, Chandraraj Krishnan
Summary: The study demonstrates that pretreatment with ammoniacal glycerol can significantly improve saccharification efficiency and ethanol yield from sorghum biomass, benefiting both biodiesel and bioethanol industries.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nidhi Aggarwal, Priyanka Pal, Neeraj Sharma, Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan
Summary: This study presents two different two-step approaches for the efficient removal of silica from rice straw and separation of its major components, resulting in the obtainment of highly pure cellulose.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Junfeng Li, Yongjie Wu, Jie Zhao, Siran Wang, Zihao Dong, Tao Shao
Summary: Two lignocellulolytic microbial consortia (CL and YL) isolated from the rumen of ruminants can efficiently degrade lignocellulosic biomass, with synergistic action with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) enhancing methane production from agricultural wastes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Lili Wang, Yibo Li, Lei Xu, Dongsheng Sun, Yihao Wang, Zhongjiang Wang
Summary: This study investigated the pretreatment of rice straw using cow breeding wastewater. The results showed that filtering the wastewater improved the pretreatment effect by adsorbing ammonium nitrogen and achieving higher solids loading. Semi-sealed treatment had slightly lower lignin removal and methane production compared to sealed treatment, while the results of open treatment were similar to the control group.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sonil Nanda, Jude A. Okolie, Ravi Patel, Falguni Pattnaik, Zhen Fang, Ajay K. Dalai, Janusz A. Kozinski, Satyanarayan Naik
Summary: This study investigates the hydrothermal co-gasification of canola meal and plastic wastes, and the results show that the maximum hydrogen yield can be obtained at optimal temperature and residence time. The gas yield is influenced by the plastic-to-biomass ratio, and synergistic effects between plastic and biomass are observed. The catalytic performance varies in improving hydrogen yield.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Le-Le Kang, Ya-Nan Zeng, Yi-Tong Wang, Jun-Guo Li, Fu-Ping Wang, Ya-Jun Wang, Qing Yu, Xiao-Man Wang, Rui Ji, Di Gao, Zhen Fang
Summary: Coffee waste as an adsorbent has great potential in wastewater treatment due to its porous structure and abundant functional groups for efficient removal of pollutants. It not only saves processing costs but also contributes to the sustainable development of the environment.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Peng Cheng, Yingchuan Zhang, Nianfang Ma, Lining Wang, Liqun Jiang, Zhen Fang, Yitong Wang, Xiangping Tan
Summary: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has great potential in wastewater treatment and energy generation. This study reveals the electrochemical mechanism of extracellular anaerobic respiration in MFC inoculated with gram-positive Rhodococcus pyridinivorans HR-1. The MFC exhibits rapid recovery of currents on the anode, with redox peaks near -0.38 and -0.18 V. Blocking the biofilm-based pathway with a filter membrane did not prevent electricity generation in the HR-1 inoculated MFC, suggesting the presence of a self-secreted electron shuttle pathway.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui Ji, Tian-Ji Liu, Le-Le Kang, Yi-Tong Wang, Jun-Guo Li, Fu-Ping Wang, Qing Yu, Xiao-Man Wang, Huan Liu, Hua-Wei Guo, Wen-Long Xu, Ya-Nan Zeng, Zhen Fang
Summary: Metallurgical slag, as a by-product of the metallurgical industry, has large storage capacity and low price, but it poses serious threats to the environment and human safety through leaching of heavy metals. The use of metallurgical slag to remove pollutants in wastewater is considered as a waste treatment method. This review summarizes and compares the structural properties, performance optimization, removal mechanisms of pollutants, catalytic performance, reaction conditions, and recyclability of metallurgical slags such as steel slag, blast furnace slag, red mud, copper slag, and manganese slag.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jian Yang, Wen-jie Cong, Zongyuan Zhu, Zheng-diao Miao, Yi-Tong Wang, Michael Nelles, Zhen Fang
Summary: A magnetic bifunctional SrO-ZnO/MOF catalyst was synthesized for one-step biodiesel production from high acid value oils. The catalyst had both basicity and acidity, mainly composed of Sr3Fe2O6 and ZnO. The MOF support increased the catalyst's specific surface area by 3.7 times and provided magnetic separation capability. The catalyst exhibited high activity and resistance to free fatty acids, with a potential application in the biodiesel industry.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiao-le Liu, Zhen Fang, Xiao-fei Tian, Zheng-diao Miao
Summary: In this study, wheat straw was pretreated with a combination of ball milling (BM) and NaAlO2 particles (NaAlO2-BM) for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that NaAlO2-BM pretreatment significantly reduced particle size to tissue scale within 10 minutes, with 0.5 times lower energy consumption compared to BM pretreatment. The 20-minute NaAlO2-BM pretreatment achieved a glucose yield of 95.4% and the highest energy efficiency of 0.121 kg glucose/kWh, increasing by 1.1 times than BM pretreatment. Energy consumption was positively correlated with cellulose content and negatively correlated with particle size, cellulose crystallinity, and energy efficiency. The combination of BM and NaAlO2 particles proved to be a promising pretreatment approach for glucose production and improving energy efficiency during lignocellulosic hydrolysis.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wen-jie Cong, Jian Yang, Jianguo Zhang, Zhen Fang, Zheng-diao Miao
Summary: Magnetic self-assembly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were used for the co-production of biodiesel and hydrogen from waste oils. The highly active MOF nanoparticles achieved 126.8% hydrogen yield in subcritical water. Continuous production of biodiesel and hydrogen with high yield was achieved by coupling alkali with MOF-derived carriers, showing great potential for biomass conversions to targeted biofuels.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jia-xuan Zhang, Xiao-le Liu, Li Wang, Zhen Fang
Summary: Microbial lipids were produced through a two-stage process using Cryptococcus curvatus to co-ferment rice and shrimp shells hydrolysates. By optimizing the biomass production and lipid content, high biomass yield and lipid content were achieved. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was found to be similar to that of typical vegetable oils.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Geliang Xie, Guoqiang Zhu, Tong Lv, Yifan Kang, Yuhan Chen, Zhen Fang, Lujiang Xu
Summary: The co-valorization of biomass and multiple solid wastes is important for both environmental protection and energy security. In this study, aromatic-rich biofuel was successfully produced from lignin and waste polyoxymethylene via catalytic copyrolysis process. The use of a commercial ?-Al2O3 catalyst showed good catalytic performance, and various characterizations and experiments were conducted to illustrate the synergism between the raw materials and the mechanism of aromatics formation. The results showed a positive synergistic effect between lignin and POM, leading to increased yields of biochar and bio-oil. Additionally, the suitable operating conditions were identified, and the use of POM as a precursor was found to promote deoxygenation reactions and improve bio-oil quality. However, long-term stability of the catalyst needs to be further improved due to coke deposits and acid sites loss.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qing Yu, Tian-Ji Liu, Ya-Nan Zeng, Yi-Tong Wang, Jun-Guo Li, Yu-Ran Wang, Le-Le Kang, Rui Ji, Fu-Ping Wang, Xiao-Man Wang, Bao Liu, Shuang Cai, Zhen Fang
Summary: Electric furnace slag is a productive and element-rich material that can be used as a nutrient source for microalgae growth. This study investigated the regulation of growth and lipid synthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in electric arc furnace slag leaching solution with or without citric acid to develop a cost-effective method for lipid production. The addition of electric arc furnace slag leaching solution with low heavy metal content and citric acid improved lipid accumulation and biomass content of C. pyrenoidosa. The study also identified the role of multiple metal ions in modulating enzyme activities and accelerating lipid synthesis.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Pengyun Liu, Zhilin Wu, Zhen Fang, Giancarlo Cravotto
Summary: This study aims to understand the kinetics and mechanisms of sonolytic degradation of four antibiotics in water and milk. The results show that the degradation of antibiotics follows pseudo-first order kinetics in both water and milk, with faster degradation in water than in milk. Factors such as ultrasonic frequency, power, temperature, and reaction volume affect the rate of antibiotic degradation. The oxidation by free radicals plays a dominant role in the degradation process, and the addition of H2O2 can accelerate the degradation. The residue concentrations after sonication meet the relevant maximum residue limit under certain conditions.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pei-dong Wu, Lanyun Li, Keping Wang, Hu Li, Zhen Fang
Summary: In this study, a Mo-BVO-TiCoNO-CoFeOxy photoanode with a nanowire structure was prepared for the first time, which efficiently converted bio-based benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid in water while coupling H-2 production. The nanowire structure increased the exposed active sites on the photoelectrode surface and enhanced the benzyl alcohol oxidation capacity. Additionally, the aspect ratio of the nanowires increased visible light absorption and the thermal effect increased H-2 production.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peng Cheng, Liqun Jiang, Rui Shan, Zhen Fang, Nianfang Ma, Lianwu Deng, Yaoquan Lu, Xiangping Tan, Weijun Shen, Rongrong Liu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated the use of forced ventilation to reduce nitrogen loss during composting. The addition of 10% coral sand and the implementation of forced ventilation were found to effectively prolong the thermophilic phase, accelerate substrate decomposition, and reduce nitrogen loss.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lujiang Xu, Geliang Xie, Xianjun Zhou, Yucheng Liu, Zhen Fang
Summary: CaO/bio-char catalyst was successfully synthesized and exhibited good catalytic performance in the pyrolysis of soybean oil, with a selectivity of hydrocarbons over 90%. The pyrolysis temperature significantly influenced the product distribution and properties, with 650℃ being the optimal temperature. The catalyst remained active after 4 cycles of use.
JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhixian Huang, Fan Zhang, Yanbo Tang, Yongdi Wen, Zhenqiang Wu, Zhen Fang, Xiaofei Tian
Summary: This study proposed a photocatalytic advanced oxidation process (PAOP) using hypocrellins (HYPs) to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) as a model organic pollutant. The results showed that HYPs and H2O2 had a synergistic effect on the degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation. The self-degradation of HYPs could be activated under alkaline conditions, which makes HYPs a promising material in the remediation of emerging organic pollutants while alleviating the secondary pollution caused by synthetic photocatalysts.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)