Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Victoria Herridge
Summary: The public is the best ethics adviser for a de-extinction company.
Article
Neurosciences
Robert J. Loughnan, Alexey A. Shadrin, Oleksandr Frei, Dennis van der Meer, Weiqi Zhao, Clare E. Palmer, Wesley K. Thompson, Carolina Makowski, Terry L. Jernigan, Ole A. Andreassen, Chun Chieh Fan, Anders M. Dale
Summary: Recent research has shown that Multivariate Omnibus Statistic Test (MOSTest) is powerful in discovering genomic effects distributed across multiple phenotypes. By replicating the findings in independent datasets, researchers have demonstrated a higher replication yield of MOSTest compared to established approaches. This finding emphasizes the importance of using multivariate techniques in Genome-Wide Association studies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruth J. F. Loos, Charles Burant, Ellen A. Schur
Summary: This article reviews the use of cell biology, genetics, and imaging techniques in understanding weight regain after weight loss, noting that genetic and environmental factors are involved in weight regain. Most genetic loci related to weight point to the central nervous system, which is believed to be responsible for determining the weight set point.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Omer Edhan, Ziv Hellman, Ilan Nehama
Summary: The article explores genotypic convergence in populations under fixed fitness, showing that both asexual and haploid sexual populations can achieve convergence with a unified theory. Additionally, the concept of 'virtual convergence' is introduced to analyze varying environments, enabling populations to achieve fitness growth rates similar to those under convergence to an optimal genotype.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sweta Ghatti, Esther Yoon, Grisel Lopez, Debra Ehrlich, Silvina G. Horovitz
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between GBA1 gene mutations and cortical thickness in PD patients. The results showed that PD patients had thinner cortex in the parietal and postcentral regions, regardless of the genotype. Particularly, patients with N370S variants had significantly higher levels of neurofilament light in the serum.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maura Malpetti, Timothy Rittman, Peter Simon Jones, Thomas Edmund Cope, Luca Passamonti, William Richard Bevan-Jones, Karalyn Patterson, Tim D. Fryer, Young T. Hong, Franklin Aigbirhio, John Tiernan O'Brien, James Benedict Rowe
Summary: In patients with familial frontotemporal dementia, neuroinflammation and abnormal protein aggregation were observed, with consistent tau distribution in MAPT mutations and heterogeneous distributions in carriers of GRN and C9orf72 mutations. This suggests that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of familial FTD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Chien-Hui Yang, Ka Yan Ma, Ka Hou Chu, Tin-Yam Chan
Summary: This study reconstructed a robust molecular phylogeny for Penaeus s.l. shrimps using the largest dataset to date. The findings revealed some paraphyletic genera within Penaeus s.l. Furthermore, the traditional morphological characters used for species differentiation are not synapomorphic or evolutionarily informative. Therefore, retaining these shrimps in a single genus is appropriate to reflect their evolutionary relationships.
Review
Neurosciences
Sarah E. Medland, Katrina L. Grasby, Neda Jahanshad, Jodie N. Painter, Lucia Colodro-Conde, Janita Bralten, Derrek P. Hibar, Penelope A. Lind, Fabrizio Pizzagalli, Sophia Thomopoulos, Jason L. Stein, Barbara Franke, Nicholas G. Martin, Paul M. Thompson
Summary: This article reviews the motivation for creating the ENIGMA Consortium and its genetic analyses. They have addressed the reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging genetics and identified common genomic loci associated with brain structure.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rebecca Dimond, Neil Stephens, Cathy Herbrand
Summary: This article introduces the concept of the 'idealised policy patient' and examines patient-family activism and the mechanisms behind persuasive patient narratives. Using the example of debates on mitochondrial donation in the UK, the study identifies four dimensions of the idealised policy patient - narrating, curating, enacting, and navigating. The article highlights the need for medical sociology to critically analyze how patients leverage their status for political ends by aligning with powerful groups. It encourages future researchers to explore the reproduction and reorientation of the idealised policy patient in different policy contexts.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Longping Yao, Jiayu Wu, Sumeyye Koc, Guohui Lu
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, mediated by microglial cells, may play a role in neurodegeneration, exacerbating the primary morbid process. Genetic factors such as LRRK2 and SNCA are crucial in the occurrence and development of PD and neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias Lindig, Benjamin Bender, Eva Buerkle, Vinod Kumar, Ulrike Ernemann, Ludger Schoels, Tim W. Rattay
Summary: This study tested the usability of automated data analysis in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4). The results showed that quantitative imaging reports can serve as easily accessible and fully automatic screening tools for clinicians, providing information about brain regions affected by the disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tom Chambers, Richard Anney, Peter N. Taylor, Alexander Teumer, Robin P. Peeters, Marco Medici, Xavier Caseras, D. Aled Rees
Summary: The study found that a history of hypothyroidism was associated with significant reductions in cerebellar and pallidum gray matter volumes, partly mediated by increases in body mass index. It was also observed that polygenic scores for hypo- and hyperthyroidism had opposing influences on gray matter volumes, with no evidence of regional genetic pleiotropy with ADHD for either hypo- or hyperthyroidism.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa, Hideki Ninomiya, Xiao Liu, Lizhu Yang, Nikolas Pontikos, Kazutoshi Yoshitake, Takeshi Iwata, Yasunori Sato, Takeshi Hashimoto, Kazushige Tsunoda, Hiroaki Miyata, Kaoru Fujinami
Summary: This study investigated the utility of a data-driven deep learning approach in predicting causative genes in patients with inherited retinal disorders, achieving a high accuracy rate of over 80% for fundus photographs and FAF images. The research involved reviewing clinical and genetic data from 1302 subjects in Japan and successfully predicting prevalent causative genes, demonstrating the potential for early diagnosis and improved medical care in IRD patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Optics
Xilong Yuan, Todd Darcie, Ziyin Wei, J. Stewart Aitchison
Summary: The Microchip Imaging Cytometer is a point-of-care detection system that combines optical microscopy and flow cytometry, with attributes of portability, cost-effectiveness, and providing quantitative measurements. Its use of microfluidic chips allows for less sample usage and automatic sample preparation, improving accessibility and affordability of healthcare services.
OPTO-ELECTRONIC ADVANCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dawood Darbar
Summary: This study conducted the largest GWAS of European individuals with CHD to date, identifying common genetic variants associated with cardiac anomalies. Through single-cell analysis, the researchers revealed the roles of specific genes in heart development, advancing our understanding of the genetic basis of common forms of CHD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)