Alteration of local and systemic amino acids metabolism for the inducible defense in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in response to leaf herbivory by Ectropis oblique

Leaf herbivory on tea plants (Camellia sinensis) by tea geometrids (Ectropis oblique) can cause severe yield loss and quality damage for tea. In previous work, we discovered that leaf herbivory triggered systemic carbon depletion in undamaged roots to enhance resource investment for local defense induced in damaged leaves. Here, we investigated the dynamics of amino acids in the local and systemic responses and the roles of nitrogen resource reallocation for the inducible defense in tea plants in response to leaf herbivory. The comparative analysis of the dynamics of flavonoids, caffeine, theanine and basic amino acids at metabolic and transcriptome levels revealed that leaf herbivory triggered the differential reconfiguration of these amino acid-derived defensive metabolites and nitrogenous primary metabolism between the local and systemic responses. The tight association of the metabolism and reallocation of amino acids with the activation of defensive secondary metabolism indicated that the systemic nitrogen reallocation played a potentially important role for the resource investment in tea plant resistance against leaf herbivory. This study provided an extended understanding of the role of systemic nitrogen reallocation for the interaction of tea plants and geometrids and the root-mediated resource-based resistance strategy employed by tea plants in response to leaf herbivory.