Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aytac Akyol, Davut Demirkiran, Serkan Akdag, Mehmet Naci Aldemir, Hakki Simsek, Hasan Ali Gumrukcuoglu, Musa Sahin, Habib Emre
Summary: This study is the first to describe the association between serum vaspin levels and CIMT in predialysis patients, showing that serum vaspin levels were decreased in predialysis patients compared to control subjects and were significantly correlated with glomerular filtration rate and CIMT.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Azer Rizikalo, Slavica Coric, Andrija Matetic, Mirjana Vasilj, Zoran Tocilj, Josko Bozic
Summary: This study demonstrates a significant association of GFR and CIMT in non-diabetic stage 2 and stage 4 CKD patients during the 4-year follow-up.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Prossy Bibangambah, Linda C. Hemphill, Moses Acan, Alexander C. Tsai, Ruth N. Sentongo, June-Ho Kim, Isabelle T. Yang, Mark J. Siedner, Samson Okello
Summary: In rural Uganda, people living with HIV have a higher prevalence of carotid plaque compared to age- and sex-matched HIV-uninfected individuals. The study found that HIV infection and current smoking were associated with higher odds of carotid plaque, while moderate and vigorous intensity of physical activity were associated with decreased odds of carotid plaque. Future research should investigate biomedical and lifestyle modifications to reduce atherosclerotic burden among people living with HIV in the region.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Y. Xu, T. Hu, Y. Shen, Y. Wang, Xiaojing Ma, Yuqian Bao
Summary: The study found an inverse association between skeletal muscle mass and the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in the community, suggesting that maintaining muscle mass may help modify atherosclerosis.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sophia J. Kiechl, Anna Staudt, Katharina Stock, Nina Gande, Benoit Bernar, Christoph Hochmayr, Bernhard Winder, Ralf Geiger, Andrea Griesmacher, Markus Anliker, Stefan Kiechl, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Michael Knoflach, Raimund Pechlaner
Summary: The study revealed that systolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension, low-density and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine transaminase predicted cIMT progression in adolescents, even when risk factor levels were within established reference ranges. These findings underline the importance of initiating prevention early in life and question the current focus on high-risk youngsters in guideline recommendations.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Min Kyoung Kang, Ki-Woong Nam, Jung Hwan Shin, Hyung-Min Kwon, Yong-Seok Lee
Summary: This study demonstrated that incorporating ultrasonographic parameters into conventional cardiovascular risk scores helps identify the risk of further vascular events in ACS patients. The peak-systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of relevant ischemic stroke.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xue Bao, Biao Xu, Lars Lind, Gunnar Engstrom
Summary: Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis is an important factor in cardiovascular risk estimation by SCORE2. Carotid ultrasound improves the predictive performance of SCORE2 for cardiovascular risk assessment. SCORE2 may over-predict the risk in individuals without carotid plaque and under-predict the risk in those with carotid plaque.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Engelbert A. Nonterah, Daniel Boateng, Nigel J. Crowther, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Abraham R. Oduro, Godfred Agongo, Shukri F. Mohamed, Palwende R. Boua, Solomon S. R. Choma, Shane A. Norris, Stephen M. Tollman, Michiel L. Bots, Michele Ramsay, Diederick Grobbee
Summary: This study evaluated the association of carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria with 10-year ASCVD risk in middle-aged individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that microalbuminuria measured by SUA may indicate risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and high 10-year ASCVD risk.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ettore Dinoto, Domenico Mirabella, Francesca Ferlito, Graziella Tortomasi, Davide Turchino, Salvatore Evola, Massimiliano Zingales, Emanuela Bologna, Felice Pecoraro
Summary: The intima-media thickness (IMT) and its irregularities or ulcerations in the common carotid artery (CCA) can serve as biomarkers for cardiovascular system integrity. Total homocysteine and lipoprotein levels are commonly used for cardiovascular risk stratification. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) combined with serum biomarkers can assess atherosclerotic disease and cardiovascular risk effectively.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna Bengtsson, Emma Nyman, Christer Gronlund, Per Wester, Ulf Naslund, Eva Fharm, Margareta Norberg
Summary: We aimed to explore the prevalence of atherosclerosis and its association with clinical risk factors in a middle-aged population at low to intermediate risk of cardiovascular disease. The study found that cardiovascular risk factors were more strongly associated with a combined ultrasound variable than with single carotid intima media thickness and plaque measurements. This suggests that carotid multi-view ultrasonography better captures the focal nature of early atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Georgios Georgiopoulos, Georgios Mavraganis, Dimitrios Delialis, Stelios Georgiou, Evmorfia Aivalioti, Raphael Patras, Ioannis Petropoulos, Maria-Angeliki Dimopoulou, Lasthenis Angelidakis, Alexandros Sianis, Dimitrios Bampatsias, Anna Dimoula, Eleni Maneta, Marinos Kosmopoulos, Constantine Vardavas, Konstantinos Stellos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos
Summary: This study aimed to determine and validate the optimal values of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis markers for improving risk stratification in high ASCVD risk patients. The results showed that integrating carotid ultrasonography into guideline-defined risk stratification can help identify high-risk patients in need of further risk reduction and accurately assess their risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ragna Lamprecht, David Leander Rimmele, Renate B. Schnabel, Guido Heydecke, Udo Seedorf, Carolin Walther, Carola Mayer, Julia Struppek, Katrin Borof, Christian-Alexander Behrendt, Bastian Cheng, Christian Gerloff, Sebastian Debus, Ralf Smeets, Thomas Beikler, Stefan Blankenberg, Tanja Zeller, Mahir Karakas, Gotz Thomalla, Ghazal Aarabi
Summary: This study found that severe chronic periodontitis is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and higher prevalence of carotid plaques, independent of common risk factors.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fang Liu, Zheng Wang, Xia Cao, Yingxia Pan, Erqiang Zhang, Jiahuan Zhou, Lina Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) and carotid plaque (CAP) in the Chinese general population. The results suggest that sdLDL-C is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of CAP in individuals with abnormal IMT, providing alternative methods for predicting early stage cardiovascular disease (CVD).
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tianyu Zhou, Pek Kei Im, Parisa Hariri, Huaidong Du, Yu Guo, Kuang Lin, Ling Yang, Canqing Yu, Yiping Chen, Rajani Sohoni, Daniel Avery, Meiyu Guan, Meng Yang, Jun Lv, Robert Clarke, Liming Li, Robin G. Walters, Zhengming Chen, Iona Y. Millwood
Summary: This study investigated the causal relevance of alcohol intake with measures of carotid artery thickness and atherosclerosis in Chinese adults. The results showed that higher alcohol intake was associated with a higher carotid plaque burden, but not with carotid intima media thickness.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna Maria Rychter, Dariusz Naskret, Agnieszka Zawada, Alicja Ewa Ratajczak, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Iwona Krela-Kazmierczak
Summary: Atherosclerosis is strongly associated with obesity, with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) serving as a predictor of cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis. Behavioral interventions can directly impact cIMT values, influencing cardiovascular disease risk.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Vijay Viswanathan, Sukanya Nachimuthu
Summary: People with diabetes have a higher risk of lower-limb amputations. The risk of avoidable lower-limb amputations has increased during the COVID-19 lockdown. Factors such as missed hospital visits, improper diet, nonadherence to medications, and physical inactivity may contribute to this increase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOWER EXTREMITY WOUNDS
(2023)
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arutselvi Devarajan, Satyavani Kumpatla, Vijay Viswanathan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arutselvi Devarajan, Satyavani Kumpatla, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: This study aimed to explore the profile, regular hospital visits, glucose monitoring, and treatment outcomes among people with type 1 diabetes in India. The results showed that individuals who made regular hospital visits and practiced self-monitoring of blood glucose had fewer complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anu Maria Jacob, Arutselvi Devarajan, Sukanya Nachimuthu, Manjula Datta, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the direct and indirect cost of treating diabetes among people living in low resource urban setting. It found that individuals living with diabetes in this setting spent more on direct medical cost, with out of pocket expenditure mainly on hospitalization, followed by medicines and investigations. Strengthening and provision of appropriate primary public health care services for diabetes may reduce out of pocket expenditure in private health care facilities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jasjit S. Suri, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Sudip Paul, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Petros P. Sfikakis, George D. Kitas, Narendra N. Khanna, Zoltan Ruzsa, Aditya M. Sharma, Sanjay Saxena, Gavino Faa, John R. Laird, Amer M. Johri, Manudeep K. Kalra, Kosmas Paraskevas, Luca Saba
Summary: This study reviews three recent methods for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment, including multiclass, multi-label, and ensemble-based methods. The findings indicate that AI-based methods show great promise in CVD risk assessment, and mobile and cloud-based technologies are likely to be the future direction.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jasjit S. Suri, Sushant Agarwal, Gian Luca Chabert, Alessandro Carriero, Alessio Pasche, Pietro S. C. Danna, Luca Saba, Armin Mehmedovic, Gavino Faa, Inder M. Singh, Monika Turk, Paramjit S. Chadha, Amer M. Johri, Narendra N. Khanna, Sophie Mavrogeni, John R. Laird, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, David W. Sobel, Antonella Balestrieri, Petros P. Sfikakis, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, George D. Kitas, Jagjit S. Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Surinder K. Dhanjil, Andrew Nicolaides, Aditya Sharma, Vijay Rathore, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Pudukode R. Krishnan, Ferenc Nagy, Zoltan Ruzsa, Mostafa M. Fouda, Subbaram Naidu, Klaudija Viskovic, Manudeep K. Kalra
Summary: The study utilized deep learning models to locate and segment COVID-19 lesions in CT scans effectively. The top AI model, ResNet-UNet, outperformed the traditional method MedSeg, showing higher accuracy and stability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Lo Presti, Domenico Nuzzo, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Alberto Firenze, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Andrej Janez, Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor, Peter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo Lotufo, Nikolaos Papanas, Ali A. Rizvi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Raul D. Santos, Anca P. Stoian, Peter P. Toth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: Obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease often coexist, forming cardiometabolic disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, infected CMD patients are at a higher risk of severe damage due to overactivation of the immune system.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hardy Kornfeld, Elizabeth Procter-Gray, Satyavani Kumpatla, Kevin Kane, Wenjun Li, Matthew J. Magee, Subash Babu, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of pulmonary TB on glycemic status, as well as the associations of glycemic trends with antidiabetic therapy and TB outcomes. Data from two prospective cohort studies in Chennai, India were analyzed and it was found that baseline A1C levels decreased after TB treatment initiation in all groups. However, in patients with baseline diabetes, rising A1C levels during and after treatment were significantly associated with adverse TB outcomes.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jasjit S. Suri, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Sushant Agarwal, Sudip Paul, Amit Pandey, Suneet K. Gupta, Luca Saba, Kosmas I. Paraskevas, Narendra N. Khanna, John R. Laird, Amer M. Johri, Manudeep K. Kalra, Mostafa M. Fouda, Mostafa Fatemi, Subbaram Naidu
Summary: The task of biomedical image segmentation (BIS) is challenging due to various factors. Conventional methods lack accuracy and automation. UNet, based on artificial intelligence (AI), has become dominant in BIS. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of UNet types, components, vascular vs. non-vascular framework, segmentation challenges, and the interaction between AI, explainable AI (XAI), and bias. 267 UNet-based studies were selected and categorized into five classes. Various variations of UNet and bias methods were examined. The need for clinical evaluation and practical applications is emphasized.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Narendra N. Khanna, Mahesh A. Maindarkar, Vijay Viswanathan, Anudeep Puvvula, Sudip Paul, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Puneet Ahluwalia, Zoltan Ruzsa, Aditya Sharma, Raghu Kolluri, Padukone R. Krishnan, Inder M. Singh, John R. Laird, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Surinder K. Dhanjil, Luca Saba, Antonella Balestrieri, Gavino Faa, Kosmas Paraskevas, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, Aman Sharma, Jagjit S. Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Andrew Nicolaides, Vijay Rathore, Subbaram Naidu, Kiera Liblik, Amer M. Johri, Monika Turk, David W. Sobel, Martin Miner, Klaudija Viskovic, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Sophie Mavrogeni, George D. Kitas, Mostafa M. Fouda, Mannudeep K. Kalra, Jasjit S. Suri
Summary: This article proposes a novel investigation using deep learning solutions to predict cardiovascular disease/stroke risk in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI). The research confirms the viability of cardiovascular disease/stroke risk stratification in DFI patients using deep neural networks such as Long Short-Term Memory and Recurrent Neural Networks. The article also discusses AI bias and strategies for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease/stroke in DFI patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Loris Mocibob, Frano Susak, Maja Situm, Klaudija Viskovic, Neven Papic, Adriana Vince
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) in COVID-19 patients. The results showed a high incidence of PT in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, but no correlation with traditional risk factors and mortality was found. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) should be performed in patients requiring high-flow supplemental oxygen or those with increased D-dimer levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Mainas, Luigi Nibali, Mark Ide, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Alberto Firenze, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Andrej Janez, Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor, Peter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo Lotufo, Nikolaos Papanas, Ali A. Rizvi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Raul D. Santos, Anca P. Stoian, Peter P. Toth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: Periodontitis is a disease that leads to the loss of periodontal attachment and bone resorption. COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Investigations have shown a possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19, as both conditions can lead to cardiometabolic impairments. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding the link between periodontitis and COVID-19 and their associated complications.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sophie I. I. Mavrogeni, George Markousis-Mavrogenis, Flora Bacopoulou, George P. P. Chrousos
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic associated with an increase in obesity, causing cardiovascular disease and reducing life expectancy. While strict glycemic control is proven effective for type 1 diabetes, its role in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Therefore, multifactorial risk reduction is the most efficient prevention strategy.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biology
Anastasia-Vasiliki Madenidou, Sophie Mavrogeni, Elena Nikiphorou
Summary: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are higher in inflammatory arthritis (IA) compared to the general population. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) published guidelines in 2016 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management in IA and plans to update them based on emerging evidence. Evidence shows that both traditional CVD factors and inflammation contribute to the higher CVD burden in IA. Prompt screening and management of CVD and related risk factors are necessary, and non-invasive cardiovascular imaging plays an important role in accurately detecting cardiovascular lesions in IA patients.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Narendra N. Khanna, Mahesh A. Maindarkar, Vijay Viswanathan, Jose Fernandes E. Fernandes, Sudip Paul, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Puneet Ahluwalia, Zoltan Ruzsa, Aditya Sharma, Raghu Kolluri, Inder M. Singh, John R. Laird, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Luca Saba, Vikas Agarwal, Aman Sharma, Jagjit S. Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Vijay Rathore, Subbaram Naidu, Kiera Liblik, Amer M. Johri, Monika Turk, Lopamudra Mohanty, David W. Sobel, Martin Miner, Klaudija Viskovic, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios D. Protogerou, George D. Kitas, Mostafa M. Fouda, Seemant Chaturvedi, Mannudeep K. Kalra, Jasjit S. Suri
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the cost of AI technology in the healthcare field and compare it to traditional methods. The results show significant cost savings in diagnosis and treatment using AI tools. Further improvement in the economics of AI can be achieved through pruning, reducing AI bias, enhancing explainability, and obtaining regulatory approvals.
