Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Masato Furuhashi, Yukimura Higashiura, Masayuki Koyama, Marenao Tanaka, Takayo Murase, Takashi Nakamura, Seigo Akari, Akiko Sakai, Kazuma Mori, Hirofumi Ohnishi, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Kazuaki Shimamoto, Tetsuji Miura
Summary: The study found that plasma XOR activity is independently associated with hypertension in nondiabetic individuals who are not taking any medications. The activity is positively correlated with mean arterial pressure and significantly higher in the hypertension group compared to the non-hypertension group.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Brittany Butts, Jamelle A. Brown, Thomas S. Denney, Scott Ballinger, Steven G. Lloyd, Suzanne Oparil, Paul Sanders, Tony R. Merriman, Angelo Gaffo, Jasvinder Singh, Eric E. Kelley, David A. Calhoun, Louis J. Dell'Italia
Summary: Racial differences in XO activity and mtDNA DAMPs were observed in Black and White adults with resistant hypertension. Black resistant hypertension patients had higher XO activity, worse diastolic dysfunction, and greater mtDNA DAMPs than White patients. Urinary sodium excretion was correlated with left ventricular function in Black patients. These findings highlight the importance of further investigating the role of XO and mtDNA DAMPs in cardiac remodeling and heart failure in Black adults with resistant hypertension.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nirupama Ramkumar, Deborah Stuart, Caitlin S. Peterson, Chunyan Hu, William Wheatley, Jae Min Cho, J. David Symons, Donald E. Kohan
Summary: Loss of sPRR reduces baseline blood pressure, decreases Ang II-induced hypertension and renal injury, and is associated with greater endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of resistance-sized arteries.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Federica Piani, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Claudio Borghi
Summary: There is a strong association between high SUA levels and hypertension, but a causal relationship has not been proven. The effectiveness of urate-lowering therapy in the management of hypertension patients varies in clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuanming Xu, Jun Yu
Summary: In recent years, research has shown that excessive fructose consumption is linked to high blood pressure, and high fructose and high salt intake can induce salt-sensitive hypertension. The mechanisms behind these events include activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, gut dysbiosis, enhanced oxidative stress, among others.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ze-Rui Sun, Hua-Rong Liu, Di Hu, Mao-Si Fan, Ming-Yue Wang, Meng-Fei An, Yun-Li Zhao, Ze-Min Xiang, Jun Sheng
Summary: Ellagic acid (EA) has been shown to effectively regulate hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and superoxide anion, reducing uric acid levels through the NLRP3 signaling pathway, and improving histopathology in animal models.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin Maier, Benjamin Gory, Bertrand Lapergue, Igor Sibon, Sebastien Richard, Maeva Kyheng, Julien Labreuche, Jean-Philippe Desilles, Raphael Blanc, Michel Piotin, Mikael Mazighi, Jean-Michel Halimi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of prestroke antihypertensive treatments (AHT) on baseline stroke severity and neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The results suggest that AIS patients treated with RAS inhibitor agents before stroke exhibited less severe stroke, had fewer occurrences of intracranial hemorrhage, and showed a trend towards better NIHSS scores at 24 hours compared to those under non-RAS inhibitor treatments.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Austin G. Stack, David Han, Ronald Goldwater, Susanne Johansson, Nalina Dronamraju, Jan Oscarsson, Eva Johnsson, Joanna Parkinson, Fredrik Erlandsson
Summary: The study found that combining dapagliflozin with verinurad and febuxostat can effectively lower sUA levels without increasing urinary uric acid excretion, indicating that this combination therapy does not adversely affect kidney function.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ning Ding, Yong Long, Changluo Li, Liudang He, Yingjie Su
Summary: This study found that there was a negative association between uric acid and blood pressure in the hypertension treatment group. In the hypertension non-treatment group, the associations between uric acid and blood pressure exhibited an inverted U-shape.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Mario Zanaty, Fernando A. C. Seara, Pablo Nakagawa, Guorui Deng, Natalia M. Mathieu, Kirthikaa Balapattabi, Sadashiva S. Karnik, Justin L. Grobe, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: The study found that intracerebroventricular administration of TRV027 can increase aversion to saline and lower blood pressure in a model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Both TRV027 and losartan increased aversion to saline, with a more pronounced effect on highly aversive saline solutions.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Zhen-Yu Zhang, Yu-Ling Yu, Kei Asayama, Tine W. Hansen, Gladys E. Maestre, Jan A. Staessen
Summary: Additional digital content is available in the text.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tianshu Gao, Jin Xu, Yuxiao Xiao, Jiaqi Li, Weifeng Hu, Xiaoyu Su, Xudong Shen, Wan Yu, Zhen Chen, Baosheng Huang, Honglei Li, Xing Wang
Summary: The study found that N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors (NAY) can reduce the levels of uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, regulating the uric acid transporter, and inhibiting inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Barakat M. ALRashdi, Hassan A. Elgebaly, Mousa O. Germoush, Moath M. Qarmush, Mona S. Azab, Reem S. Alruhaimi, Ahmad F. Ahmeda, Mohammad H. Abukhalil, Emadeldin M. Kamel, Hany H. Arab, Mohammed A. Alzoghaibi, Mohammed F. Alotaibi, Ayman M. Mahmoud
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Monolluma quadrangula extract (MQE) on hyperuricemic rats and found that MQE exhibited renoprotective properties by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating urate transporters.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuqing Zhou, Yupeng Zeng, Zhijun Pan, Yufeng Jin, Qing Li, Juan Pang, Xin Wang, Yu Chen, Yan Yang, Wenhua Ling
Summary: This study found that resveratrol supplementation for 8 weeks had no significant effect on lipid profile but decreased uric acid in a dose-response manner in individuals with dyslipidemia. It also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity. However, there were no significant differences in glucose, insulin, or oxidative stress biomarkers between the resveratrol groups and placebo.
Article
Neurosciences
Charles J. Frazier, Scott W. Harden, Amy R. Alleyne, Mazher Mohammed, Wanhui Sheng, Justin A. Smith, Khalid Elsaafien, Eliot A. Spector, Dominique N. Johnson, Karen A. Scott, Eric G. Krause, Annette D. de Kloet
Summary: The study shows that AT1aR neurons in the lamina terminalis play a crucial role in blood pressure control by influencing cardiovascular parameters and fluid intake through optogenetic stimulation. Additionally, activation of these neurons leads to neuroendocrine and behavioral responses that increase blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Timothy Vigers, Carissa Vinovskis, Lu-Ping Li, Pottumarthi Prasad, Hiddo Heerspink, Angelo D'Alessandro, Julie A. Reisz, Federica Piani, David Z. Cherney, Daniel H. van Raalte, Kristen J. Nadeau, Meda E. Pavkov, Robert G. Nelson, Laura Pyle, Petter Bjornstad
Summary: This study compared plasma metabolites between youth with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and found lower levels of metabolites associated with amino acid oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in individuals with T1DM. These metabolites were related to kidney function and may serve as potential biomarkers for improving kidney bioenergetics.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Petter Bjornstad, Lily C. Chao, Melanie Cree-Green, Allison B. Dart, Malcolm King, Helen C. Looker, Dianna J. Magliano, Kristen J. Nadeau, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Amy S. Shah, Daniel H. van Raalte, Meda E. Pavkov, Robert G. Nelson
Summary: The incidence and prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are increasing worldwide. Youth-onset T2DM has a more aggressive clinical course compared to adult-onset T2DM or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Limited treatment options are available for children and adolescents with T2DM, and complications such as increased albuminuria often develop in late childhood or early adulthood. The rising rates of childhood obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and exposure to diabetes during pregnancy are important factors contributing to the epidemic of youth-onset T2DM. Disadvantaged populations are particularly at risk, suggesting a contribution of social and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms behind youth-onset T2DM is crucial for prevention and management strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Michal Schafer, Lorna P. Browne, Uyen Truong, Petter Bjornstad, Shoshana Tell, Janet Snell-Bergeon, Amy Baumgartner, Kendall S. Hunter, Jane E. B. Reusch, Alex J. Barker, Kristen J. Nadeau, Irene E. Schauer
Summary: In this study, researchers tested whether BCQR could improve vascular health in youth with T1D. The results showed that compared to placebo, BCQR could lower blood pressure and improve aortic stiffness and pressure hemodynamics. Therefore, BCQR may help improve arterial stiffness in youth with T1D and longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meghan E. Pauley, Carissa Vinovskis, Alexis MacDonald, Madison Baca, Laura Pyle, R. Paul Wadwa, Alessia Fornoni, Kristen J. Nadeau, Meda Pavkov, Robert G. Nelson, Daniel Gordin, Ian H. de Boer, Kalie L. Tommerdahl, Petter Bjornstad
Summary: This study found that elevated triglycerides in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are associated with kidney disease development and progression, and the distribution of triglycerides across lipoprotein subclasses can predict kidney dysfunction in adults. Little is known about these relationships in youth.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alex J. Barker, Alexander Berthusen, Tim Vigers, Michal Schafer, Lorna P. Browne, Petter Bjornstad
Summary: In this study, the relationship between GFR calculated by using phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) biomarkers and GFR by I-125-iothalamate clearance was evaluated. The results showed that noninvasive GFR-MRI demonstrated strong agreement with the gold standard GFR in youth scheduled for bone marrow transplantation. Further research is needed to evaluate whether non-contrast GFR-MRI holds promise to become a superior alternative to eGFR and clearance techniques.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Luca Neri, Matt T. Oberdier, Antonio Augello, Masahito Suzuki, Ethan Tumarkin, Sujai Jaipalli, Gian Angelo Geminiani, Henry R. Halperin, Claudio Borghi
Summary: Recent advancements in smart, wearable technologies have led to the ability to detect various medical conditions, including pathologic cardiac rhythms, through continuous collection and real-time analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) data. This study presents a modified QRS detection algorithm, AMPT, which is a simplified version of the well-established Pan-Tompkins algorithm. Using archived ECG data, the AMPT algorithm demonstrated improved computational efficiency by 5-20x compared to the Pan-Tompkins algorithm, while also universally enhancing correctness. These findings support the translation of the AMPT algorithm to mobile platforms for continuous, real-time QRS detection.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cormac Kennedy, Peter Hayes, Sulafa Salama, Martina Hennessy, Federica Fogacci
Summary: This study found that the GLP-1 RA drug semaglutide can significantly reduce weight and improve blood pressure in non-diabetic patients. The analysis included 6 RCT trials with a total of 4744 participants, and the results showed that the participants had normal blood pressure at baseline. After semaglutide treatment, the mean reduction in systolic blood pressure was 4.83 mmHg, and the mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 2.45 mmHg.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Richard J. Johnson, Laura G. Sanchez Lozada, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Federica Piani, Claudio Borghi
Summary: Gout and hyperuricemia are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the effect of uric acid on kidney disease progression and metabolic complications is controversial. The treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in CKD is debated, as some argue it is unnecessary and may even be beneficial. The evidence suggests that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is likely harmful, but this may primarily apply to specific subgroups. Clinical trials are recommended to test if lowering uric acid in hyperuricemic subjects with cardiometabolic complications is protective.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kalie L. Tommerdahl, Alexander J. Kula, Petter Bjornstad
Summary: Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of early-onset DKD is challenging due to lack of available biomarkers, and multiple barriers exist for initiating timely prevention and treatment strategies. Potential therapies for slowing DKD progression in youth with type 2 diabetes include various medications, and large clinical trials are needed to evaluate their effectiveness.
EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Luca Neri, Matt T. Oberdier, Kirsten C. J. van Abeelen, Luca Menghini, Ethan Tumarkin, Hemantkumar Tripathi, Sujai Jaipalli, Alessandro Orro, Nazareno Paolocci, Ilaria Gallelli, Massimo Dall'Olio, Amir Beker, Richard T. Carrick, Claudio Borghi, Henry R. Halperin
Summary: Population aging and unhealthy lifestyles have increased the incidence of high-risk health conditions worldwide. Efforts have been made to develop new wearable devices that are smaller, more comfortable, accurate, and compatible with AI technologies to facilitate early identification and diagnosis. These advancements in health monitoring and disease detection through the use of wearable devices and artificial intelligence methods can greatly improve healthcare management.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Claudio Borghi
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Juan Tamargo, Stefan Agewall, Claudio Borghi, Claudio Ceconi, Elisabetta Cerbai, Gheorghe A. Dan, Peter Ferdinandy, Erik Lerkevang Grove, Bianca Rocca, Patrick Sulzgruber, Anne Grete Semb, Samuel Sossalla, Alexander Niessner, Juan Carlos Kaski, Dobromir Dobrev
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, and current pharmacotherapy is not optimal. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs with higher efficacy and better safety profiles. This review summarizes the recent advances in cardiovascular pharmacology in 2022, including the approval of first-in-class drugs for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and heart failure independent of left ventricular ejection fraction. It also discusses the repurposing of existing drugs and the potential of new therapies for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Piani, Giovanni Tossetta, Gabriel Cara-Fuentes, Davide Agnoletti, Daniela Marzioni, Claudio Borghi
Summary: This systematic review examines the role of Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 93 in cardiovascular disease. A total of 182 studies were analyzed, indicating a potential association between CD93 and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases (such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and ischemic stroke). However, the quality and scope of the studies are insufficient to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of CD93 in cardiovascular disease.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Marina Giovannini, Elisabetta Rizzoli, Elisa Grandi, Sergio D'Addato, Claudio Borghi
Summary: The DESCO study found that dietary supplementation with plant sterols significantly improved the lipid profile, particularly the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-100. Compared to placebo, the intake of plant sterols also resulted in greater reductions in lipid levels, with better efficacy observed in individuals following a Mediterranean dietary pattern.
Review
Cell Biology
Giovanni Tossetta, Federica Piani, Claudio Borghi, Daniela Marzioni
Summary: CD93, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is mainly expressed on endothelial cells and plays a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor growth. It is highly expressed in tumor-associated vessels and correlates with poor prognosis, immunotherapy response, immune cell infiltration, and tumor severity. CD93 is also involved in regulating inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, CD93 could be a potential therapeutic target.