Article
Ethics
Matthias Kaiser, Laura Drivdal, Johs Hjellbrekke, Helene Ingierd, Ole Bjorn Rekdal
Summary: The study found a low percentage of self-reported fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (FFP) among researchers, but a troublingly high percentage of researchers reporting engaging in more questionable research practices (QRPs). Overall, researchers generally consider FFP to be more serious than QRPs.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS
(2022)
Article
Business
Matthias Fink, Johannes Gartner, Rainer Harms, Isabella Hatak
Summary: The study explores the relationship between ethical orientations of business researchers and research misconduct. It finds that researchers with a strong deontological ethical orientation are less prone to misconduct, while those with a consequentialist ethical orientation are more likely to engage in misconduct.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Ramon A. Feenstra, Emilio Delgado Lopez-Cozar, Daniel Pallares-Dominguez
Summary: Empirical studies have shown a prevalence of research misconduct in ethics and philosophy in Spain, with researchers perceiving an increase in such behavior. Common fraudulent practices include duplicate publication, self-plagiarism, use of personal influence, and citation manipulation. Researchers associate the spread of these misconducts with the research evaluation model applied in Spain.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Esmee M. Bordewijk, Wentao Li, Rik van Eekelen, Rui Wang, Marian Showell, Ben W. Mol, Madelon van Wely
Summary: This study provides an overview of methods to investigate research misconduct in health-related research. While measures against textual plagiarism are well implemented, tools for other forms of research misconduct are lacking standardization and formal validation, calling for further development of automatic tools and routine validation of these methods.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Rashmi Shiju, Smitha Thankachan, Ayesha Akhil, Prem Sharma, Abdullah Bennakhi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of researchers at a diabetes institute in Kuwait towards the ethics committee and research ethical practices. The results showed that most researchers were aware of the role of the ethics committee and had received ethics training, but continuous and customized training on research ethics was recommended.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samar Abd ElHafeez, Mohamed Salem, Henry J. Silverman
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of an attitude scale and demonstrates its validity and reliability through factor analysis and correlation analysis. The validated attitude scale can be used to assess the effectiveness of educational programs and facilitate the development of responsible attitudes among researchers.
Article
Ethics
Jolene Y. L. Chua, Celine S. L. Lee, Kwee P. Yeo, Yusuf Ali, Chin L. Lim
Summary: This study aimed to understand the preferences of the research community in Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, in terms of research integrity (RI) education. The results showed that Compass e-newsletters and certain educational courses had issues in engaging the participants, while e-Learning was favored. The researchers suggested improving the design of RI education strategies to enhance user experience and making core RI education content compulsory.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Article
Medical Ethics
Chien Chou, Sophia Jui-An Pan, Mei-Lien Hsueh
Summary: Assessing the severity of research misconduct is challenging, especially in Taiwan where limited references are available. The authors developed The Assessment Criteria for Research Misconduct based on international policies, and surveyed 277 Taiwanese researchers to collect data on the perceived importance of each criterion. The results showed general agreement on the importance of all criteria, but participants with less case-handling experience placed greater importance on a criterion related to the original will to participate in misconduct, compared to the experienced group.
ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-ETHICS INTEGRITY AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sheree R. Schwartz, J. D. Smith, Christopher Hoffmann, Bhakti Hansoti, Sharmistha Mishra, Arianna Rubin Means, Vivian Go, Kenneth Sherr, Denis Nash, Patrick Sullivan, Stefan Baral
Summary: This passage summarizes the recent opportunities and lessons learned from a training program for HIV-related implementation research, which includes key components such as didactic training, mentorship, grant-writing, and development of collaborative networks. The majority of participants in the fellowship program were junior faculty and post-doctoral fellows, and the perceived value of the program was high with a median rating of 9 out of 10. Additionally, mentors identified framing of IS questions as a top training priority for HIV investigators, highlighting the importance of increasing knowledge of IS utility in supporting grants focused on optimal implementation of HIV treatment and prevention strategies.
CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Anesthesiology
Michael C. Ferraro, R. Andrew Moore, Amanda C. de C. Williams, Emma Fisher, Gavin Stewart, McKenzie C. Ferguson, Christopher Eccleston, Neil E. O'Connell
Summary: This study aimed to explore the extent and characteristics of retracted publications in pain research. The results showed a significant increase in the number of retracted pain articles over time, with the majority of retractions being due to misconduct. The median time from article publication to retraction was 2 years, and the time differed depending on the reason for retraction. Further investigations into the fate of retracted pain articles are necessary to determine the impact of unreliable data on pain research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer A. Byrne, Yasunori Park, Reese A. K. Richardson, Pranujan Pathmendra, Mengyi Sun, Thomas Stoeger
Summary: Human gene research is at risk from low-quality or fraudulent articles produced by paper mills. This review discusses the impact of paper mills on the human gene research literature and proposes methods for detecting and correcting these problematic publications.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
V. T. Nguyen, M. K. Sharp, C. Superchi, G. Baron, K. Glonti, D. Blanco, M. Olsen, T. T. Vo Tat, C. Olarte Parra, A. Neveol, D. Hren, P. Ravaud, I. Boutron
Summary: The aim of this study was to describe the research practices of doctoral students facing a dilemma in research integrity and assess the impact of inappropriate research environments, specifically exposure to a post-doctoral researcher or supervisor engaged in detrimental research practices. The findings suggest that neither post-doctoral researchers nor supervisors had a significant impact on student research practices.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sarah A. Marrs, Carla Quesada-Pallares, Korinthia D. Nicolai, Elizabeth A. Severson-Irby, J. Reinaldo Martinez-Fernandez
Summary: Graduates of doctoral programs are expected to have independent research skills, and assessors need a reliable tool to measure their research competence. This study aimed to gather evidence for the validity and reliability of the research competence scale, and the findings suggest that the scale is applicable in three languages and across various disciplines.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ethics
E. H. Morreim
Summary: This article discusses the presence of research misconduct at the organizational level, arguing that organizations can directly commit research misconduct and should be held accountable. Through case studies and discussions on regulatory changes, it showcases the practical implications and measures for addressing organizational-level research misconduct in the field of biomedical sciences.
JOURNAL OF LAW AND THE BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Na Zhang, Mingxuan Guo, Chunhua Jin, Zhen Xu
Summary: The study found that medical researchers' creative performance is positively related to scientific misconduct, with moral licensing playing a mediating role in this relationship. Additionally, moral identity has a negative moderating effect on the indirect effect of creative performance on scientific misconduct through moral licensing.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aaron F. Bochner, Jared M. Baeten, Alison S. Rustagi, Edith Nakku-Joloba, Jairam R. Lingappa, Nelly R. Mugo, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Saidi Kapiga, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Connie Celum, Ruanne V. Barnabas
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2017)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fabian Esamai, Mabel Nangami, John Tabu, Ann Mwangi, David Ayuku, Edwin Were
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
(2017)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ann Mwangi, Mabel Nangami, John Tabu, David Ayuku, Edwin Were, Esamai Fabian
AFRICAN HEALTH SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Thomas L. Nickolas, Michael T. Yin, Ting Hong, Kenneth K. Mugwanya, Andrea D. Branch, Renee Heffron, Janaina Ramalho, Renu Nandakumar, Elzbieta Dworakowski, Valentine Wanga, Nelly R. Mugo, Allan Ronald, Connie Celum, Deborah Donnell, Jared M. Baeten, Christina M. Wyatt, Connie Celum, Jared M. Baeten, Deborah Donnell, Robert W. Coombs, Lisa Frenkel, Craig W. Hendrix, Jairam R. Lingappa, M. Juliana McElrath, Kenneth H. Fife, Edwin Were, Elioda Tumwesigye, Patrick Ndase, Elly Katabira, Allan Ronald, Elizabeth Bukusi, Craig R. Cohen, Jonathan Wangisi, James D. Campbell, Jordan W. Tappero, James Kiarie, Carey Farquhar, Grace John-Stewart, Nelly R. Mugo, James D. Campbell, Jordan W. Tappero, Jonathan Wangisi
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2019)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lawrence P. O. Were, Edwin Were, Richard Wamai, Joseph Hogan, Omar Galarraga
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Bjorn Nordberg, Erin E. Gabriel, Edwin Were, Eunice Kaguiri, Anna Mia Ekstrom, Anna Kagesten, Susanne Rautiainen
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Randy M. Stalter, Jared M. Baeten, Deborah Donnell, Matthew A. Spinelli, David Glidden, Warren C. Rodrigues, Guohong Wang, Michael Vincent, Nelly Mugo, Andrew Mujugira, Mark Marzinke, Craig Hendrix, Monica Gandhi
Summary: In order to support PrEP adherence for HIV prevention, new tools are needed, including those that offer real-time feedback. In a large completed PrEP trial, a novel immunoassay measuring adequate urine tenofovir levels predicted HIV protection and demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for detectable plasma tenofovir.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Elkanah Omenge Orang'o, Edwin Were, Oliver Rode, Kapten Muthoka, Michael Byczkowski, Heike Sartor, Davy Vanden Broeck, Dietmar Schmidt, Miriam Reuschenbach, Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz, Hermann Bussmann
INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND CANCER
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bjorn Nordberg, Winfred Mwangi, Mia Liisa van der Kop, Edwin Were, Eunice Kaguiri, Anna E. Kagesten, Erin E. Gabriel, Richard T. Lester, Jonathan Mwangi, Anna Mia Ekstrom, Susanne Rautiainen
Summary: Despite progress, mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains a significant concern in Africa, with a large proportion of HIV-exposed infants in Kenya not being tested. Investigating the impact of weekly interactive text-messages on prevention of mother-to-child transmission care outcomes did not show evidence of improvement in EID HIV testing. Improved PMTCT care and lower barriers to EID testing in western Kenya may have contributed to a higher uptake of EID testing than expected in both groups.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jonathan Mwangi, Laura Ternent, Patricia Opondo Awiti Ujiji, Edwin Were, Anna Mia Ekstrom
Summary: The study compared the PGI and EQ-5D-3L tools to evaluate the quality of life of pregnant women living with HIV in Western Kenya. The results showed that most women reported that their HIV status affected areas such as economic wellbeing, physical health, psychological/emotional health, and relationships. Both PGI and EQ-5D-3L indicated less than perfect HRQoL.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eren Oyungu, Ola El Kebbi, Rachel Vreeman, Winstone Nyandiko, Patrick O. Monahan, Wanzhu Tu, Alka Khaitan, Zeruesenay Desta, Amy L. Slogrove, John M. Humphrey, Edwin Were, Rena C. Patel, James G. Carlucci, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Megan S. McHenry
Summary: This study aims to identify the most predictive risk factors for neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born to mothers living with HIV and create a risk assessment tool. It will prospectively follow a cohort of 1000 infants through their first 24 months of life and compare factors between HIV-exposed and non-exposed groups.
Article
Cell Biology
Laura E. Richert-Spuhler, Corinne M. Mar, Paurvi Shinde, Feinan Wu, Ting Hong, Evan Greene, Sharon Hou, Katherine Thomas, Raphael Gottardo, Nelly Mugo, Guy de Bruyn, Connie Celum, Jared M. Baeten, Jairam R. Lingappa, Jennifer M. Lund
Summary: Variant in the CD101 gene significantly increases the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection by modifying the prevalence of inflammatory cell types and increasing proinflammatory cytokine production by circulating T cells. CD101 variants are also associated with reduced capacity of regulatory T cells to suppress T cell cytokine production, leading to a decrease in baseline immune quiescence. These findings suggest that CD101 contributes to homeostatic regulation of inflammation and alters heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition by changing the prevalence and function of T cell subsets.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sahara Shurie, John Ogot, Philippe Poli, Edwin Were
PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sahara Shurie, Edwin Were, Omenge Orang'o, Alfred Keter
PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2018)