Journal
GUT MICROBES
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1706425
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; antibiotics; antibiotic stewardship; carcinogenesis; cancer risk; microbiota dysbiosis
Categories
Funding
- Johns Hopkins Fisher Center Discovery Program
- Bloombergsimilar toKimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
- Mark Foundation for Cancer Research
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Medicine
- United Kingdom program (UK-CRUK)
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We recently reported an increased colon cancer risk associated with oral antibiotic use in a large United Kingdom population. This association between antibiotic exposure and cancer risk adds to a growing body of evidence that antibiotic use has unintended off-target long-term health consequences. This addendum highlights major studies linking antibiotic use and chronic disease in pediatric and adult populations. Microbiota dysbiosis is the key proposed mechanism underlying antibiotic:disease associations, resulting in alterations in gene expression, epigenetic modification, colonization by pathogenic bacteria, instigation of biofilms, and immune regulation and inflammation. These adverse outcomes of antibiotic exposure underscore the need for diagnostic and antibiotic stewardship, as well as the urgency for further development of non-antibiotic therapies for bacterial infections.
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