Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Rawad El Skaf, Patricia Palacios
Summary: This paper fills the gap in the study of thought experiments in the context of black hole thermodynamics by analyzing the epistemic role of two thought experiments, Wheeler's demon and Geroch's engine. The main epistemic functions of these thought experiments are argued to be revealing and resolving inconsistencies.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Satoshi Ito, Nijiho Kawaguchi, Jaime Bosch, Cecilia Aguilar-Vega, Jose Manuel Sanchez-Vizcaino
Summary: Asia, with its large swine industry and significant trade connections, is at high risk of being a viral reservoir for African swine fever (ASF). Pig farms and backyard farms with low biosecurity levels are considered critical control points for disease management. Meanwhile, wild boars are a major source of transmission in some countries. Although much research has been done on ASF control in Asia, the overall picture of the epidemic is still unclear.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Ida Sognnaes
Summary: In a new paper published in Nature Energy, Odenweller et al. analyze the feasibility of green hydrogen supply using uncertainty analysis. Their findings indicate that despite the rapid growth in electrolysis capacity similar to wind and solar power, the availability of green hydrogen will remain scarce in the short term and uncertain in the long term.
Editorial Material
Biology
Julia A. Schwartzman
Summary: The Western honey bee serves as a model system for studying how different species of bacteria can coexist in a single community.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Karen Crowther, Niels S. Linnemann, Christian Wuthrich
Summary: Analogous experiments are used to study inaccessible domains, such as 'dumb holes' in Bose-Einstein condensates, but they cannot confirm the existence of specific phenomena in these domains, as these experiments must rely on the physical adequacy of the modeling framework.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez, Marcus Augusto-Oliveira, Amanda Lopes-Araujo, Leticia Santos-Sacramento, Priscila Yuki Takeda, Barbarella de Matos Macchi, Jose Luiz Martins do Nascimento, Cristiane S. F. Maia, Rafael R. Lima, Gabriela P. Arrifano
Summary: Mercury is among the top ten most dangerous chemicals for public health worldwide, with increasing emissions particularly in South America, notably the Amazon region. Human populations in this area are highly exposed to methylmercury through contaminated fish consumption, with levels far exceeding those of other regions globally.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Barbara Predieri, Lorenzo Iughetti, Sergio Bernasconi, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: This article summarizes and discusses the effects and pathogenic mechanisms of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the endocrine system. It is found that EDCs disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking or interfering with natural hormones, particularly during in utero, early postnatal life, and pubertal development. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of different EDCs on epigenetic processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie E. Boland, Emily Atkinson, Guadalupe De Los Santos, Robin Queen
Summary: Four experiments were conducted to investigate adaptation to a regional grammatical structure through reading exposure. The results showed that participants exposed to the regional constructions gradually adapted and read the novel constructions faster over time. However, the experiments also revealed that participants failed to learn the specific syntactic constructions tested. It suggests that the adaptation effects reflect learning general properties of the experimental stimuli rather than the syntactic constructions themselves.
Review
Immunology
Sabina Semiz
Summary: This study summarizes the systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted since the start of the COVID19 pandemic on biomarkers related to disease progression, severity, and mortality. The biomarkers include inflammatory and immunological parameters, hematological markers, cardiac markers, liver function markers, and lung injury markers. These biomarkers can be used as important tools for predicting prognosis and disease outcomes in COVID19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Hongyu Li, Lixiong Gao, Jinlin Du, Tianju Ma, Zi Ye, Zhaohui Li
Summary: Organoids, derived from 3D culture systems, serve as a crucial bridge between 2D cell cultures and in vivo animal models, showing promising applications in various fields. However, current organoids lack some essential components found in tissues, such as blood vessels and communication with surrounding tissues. On the other hand, teratomas, a recently discovered in vivo model, exhibit complex tissue-like organization and can mimic multilineage human development. This unique characteristic of teratomas provides opportunities to promote vascularization and maturation of organoids within an in vitro 3D culture system.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Patricia K. Coyle
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a major central nervous system disease that predominantly affects young adults, with females being more susceptible than males. Research has shown that sex-based differences influence various aspects of multiple sclerosis, leading to new insights in understanding, management, and treatment of the disease.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco Liguori, Elisa Mascolo, Fiammetta Verni
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high blood sugar caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with both monogenic and multigenic forms. While many putative causative genes have been identified, a large percentage of cases remain undiagnosed, indicating a need for further research to identify causal variants of diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jutta Ludwig-Mueller
Summary: Clubroot is a highly significant disease worldwide, and recent studies have focused on understanding its molecular mechanisms and finding potential cures. This review analyzes -omics data and studies on the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae and various host plants, summarizing the findings and highlighting the importance of understanding the disease's life cycle and functional characterization of effector candidates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Vasily N. Popov, Mikhail Yu Syromyatnikov, Claudio Franceschi, Alexey A. Moskalev, Konstantin Krutovsky
Summary: Plant aging is a complex process caused by various factors. Plants have developed mechanisms to increase lifespan, including gene duplication and the active work of telomerases. Studying seasonal aging and the influence of different factors on plant longevity can enhance our understanding of the aging process in plants.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lixiao Zhang, Min Yang, Pengpeng Zhang, Yan Hao, Zhongming Lu, Zhimin Shi
Summary: Beijing has undergone a noticeable de-coal process with two stages of relative decline (1985-2005) and absolute decline (2005-2017). Technological renovation, energy substitution, and economic structure adjustment have had positive effects on curbing coal consumption.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ariella S. Kristal, Ashley V. Whillans, Max H. Bazerman, Francesca Gino, Lisa L. Shu, Nina Mazar, Dan Ariely
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine L. Milkman, Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Pepi Pandiloski, Yeji Park, Aneesh Rai, Max Bazerman, John Beshears, Lauri Bonacorsi, Colin Camerer, Edward Chang, Gretchen Chapman, Robert Cialdini, Hengchen Dai, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Ayelet Fishbach, James J. Gross, Samantha Horn, Alexa Hubbard, Steven J. Jones, Dean Karlan, Tim Kautz, Erika Kirgios, Joowon Klusowski, Ariella Kristal, Rahul Ladhania, George Loewenstein, Jens Ludwig, Barbara Mellers, Sendhil Mullainathan, Silvia Saccardo, Jann Spiess, Gaurav Suri, Joachim H. Talloen, Jamie Taxer, Yaacov Trope, Lyle Ungar, Kevin G. Volpp, Ashley Whillans, Jonathan Zinman, Angela L. Duckworth
Summary: Policy-makers are increasingly turning to behavioural science for insights on improving citizens' decisions and outcomes. The megastudy introduced in this study compared the effects of many different interventions in the same population on objectively measured outcomes, showing promising results in improving exercise habits among participants. This approach highlights the potential for megastudies to enhance the evidentiary value of behavioural science by testing multiple ideas simultaneously.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine L. Milkman, Linnea Gandhi, Mitesh S. Patel, Heather N. Graci, Dena M. Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Jake Rothschild, Jonathan E. Bogard, Ilana Brody, Christopher F. Chabris, Edward Chang, Gretchen B. Chapman, Jennifer E. Dannals, Noah J. Goldstein, Amir Goren, Hal Hershfield, Alex Hirsch, Jillian Hmurovic, Samantha Horn, Dean S. Karlan, Ariella S. Kristal, Cait Lamberton, Michelle N. Meyer, Allison H. Oakes, Maurice E. Schweitzer, Maheen Shermohammed, Joachim Talloen, Caleb Warren, Ashley Whillans, Kuldeep N. Yadav, Julian J. Zlatev, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Rahul Ladhania, Jens Ludwig, Nina Mazar, Sendhil Mullainathan, Christopher K. Snider, Jann Spiess, Eli Tsukayama, Lyle Ungar, Christophe van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp, Angela L. Duckworth
Summary: Text-based reminders can effectively encourage pharmacy vaccination by informing patients about available flu shots and sending multiple reminders over a period of time. This study highlights the value of testing various nudges simultaneously.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ariella S. Kristal, Leonie Nicks, Jamie L. Gloor, Oliver P. Hauser
Summary: Past research has shown that decision-makers tend to discriminate against applicants with career gaps. However, a field experiment and a series of lab studies demonstrate that listing previous jobs with the number of years worked instead of employment dates can increase callbacks from employers, even for applicants with employment gaps.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Nick Chater, George Loewenstein
Summary: The paragraph argues that comparing i-frame policies with s-frame policies often overlooks the distinction between effective i-frame policies that directly change behaviors and ineffective education-based i-frame policies that attempt to change people's mindset. The author suggests that people's fixation on changing hearts and minds may hinder the application of behavioral science in policy.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2023)