The effect of the addition of CaF2 and PbF2 on boro-tellurite glasses doped with chromium ions

This article presents the impact of CaF2 and PbF2 on boro-tellurite glasses, together with preparation of glass, primary experimental techniques, modern technology and progress, particularly the development of transition metal ion doped boro-tellurite glasses for optical glass related applications. Physical and structural investigations on chromium doped boro-tellurite glasses have been studied as a function of metal fluorides. Several physical and optical parameters have been obtained and their results are explained clearly. High density and refractive index values were observed for lead fluoride doped boro-tellurite glasses which are the essential properties of the materials for applications in fiber optical communication. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrum have shown two resonance signals at low and high field regions. FTIR spectra revealed that the B-O-B vibrations are due to various BO3 and BO4 units and Te-O vibrations are from different TeO3 and TeO4 units. Deconvoluted Raman spectra being used to locate the band positions in the spectra. Raman spectra confirmed that the presence of stretching vibrations of Te-O-B links, B-O links in BO4 units. The conversion of Te-O linkages to Te-F linkages by the addition of metal fluorides is observed from of Raman spectra.