Journal
FRONTIERS OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 1072-1086Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1899-8
Keywords
PBZ; carbon; porous materials; microsphere; supercapacitor
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Funding
- Walailak University [WU60103]
- Thailand Research Fund
- Office of the Higher Education Commission [MRG6180042]
- Energy Conservation Promotion Fund, Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy, Thailand
- New Strategic Research (P2P) project, Walailak University, Thailand
- Walailak University Fund
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In this study, polybenzoxazine (PBZ)-based carbon microspheres were prepared via a facile method using a mixture of formaldehyde (F) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. The PBZ microspheres were successfully obtained at the F/DMF weight ratios of 0.4 and 0.6. These microspheres exhibited high nitrogen contents after carbonization. The microstructures of all the samples showed an amorphous phase and a partial graphitic phase. The porous carbon with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 showed significantly higher specific capacitance (275.1 F center dot g(-1)) than the reference carbon (198.9 F center dot g(-1)) at 0.05 A center dot g(-1). This can be attributed to the synergistic electrical double-layer capacitor and pseudo-capacitor behaviors of the porous carbon with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4. The presence of nitrogen/oxygen functionalities induced pseudo-capacitance in the microspheres, and hence increased their total specific capacitance. After activation with CO2, the specific surface area of the carbon microspheres with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 increased from 349 to 859 m(2)center dot g(-1) and the specific capacitance increased to 424.7 F center dot g(-1). This value is approximately two times higher than that of the reference carbon. The results indicated that the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 was suitable for preparing carbon microspheres with good supercapacitive performance. The nitrogen/oxygen functionalities and high specific surface area of the microspheres were responsible for their high capacitance.
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