Article
Polymer Science
Felipe Vicente de Paula Kodaira, Ana Carla de Paula Leite Almeida, Thayna Fernandes Tavares, Antje Quade, Luis Rogerio de Oliveira Hein, Konstantin Georgiev Kostov
Summary: A funnel-like atmospheric pressure plasma jet with a wide exit was proposed to overcome the limitation of small treatment area. Gas-permeable cotton cloth covered the nozzle to improve gas flow dynamics. Surface modifications were observed on both sides of the treated samples with different functional groups.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. Jaiswal, E. M. Aguirre, T. van der Gaag
Summary: We presented a detailed characterization of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet that produces metastable oxygen and emits the auroral green line. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to analyze the plasma jet and understand the mechanism of metastable oxygen creation and destruction. Changes in the plasma jet behavior were observed when altering parameters.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benedikt Eggers, Anna-Maria Wagenheim, Susanne Jung, Johannes Kleinheinz, Marjan Nokhbehsaim, Franz-Josef Kramer, Sonja Sielker
Summary: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been found to have a stimulating effect on human calvaria osteoblasts (HCO) and may represent a potential therapeutic approach in the regeneration of hard tissue defects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jia-Shiuan Tsai, Jian-Zhang Chen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of oxygen impurity on the inlet gas in a nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). A numerical model was developed to simulate the nitrogen APPJ considering fluid dynamics, heat transfer, mass transfer, diffusion, and chemical reactions. Experimental tests were conducted to verify the plasma temperature characteristics on the treated surface. The findings revealed that the plasma temperature decreased with increasing oxygen impurity, affecting the excited and neutral species composition.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yi Liu, Li Lin, Michael Keidar
Summary: This research discovers that electromagnetic emissions from cold atmospheric plasmas can cause cell membrane oscillations and increase sensitivity to the chemical active ingredients used in treatments. The study calculates the spatial distribution of electromagnetic emission power density spectrum from a cold atmospheric helium plasma jet, and identifies plasma oscillations as the main source of electromagnetic radiation.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhitong Chen, Guojun Chen, Richard Obenchain, Rui Zhang, Fan Bai, Tianxu Fang, Hanwen Wang, Yingjie Lu, Richard E. Wirz, Zhen Gu
Summary: This article introduces the delivery methods of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in biomedical applications, such as sterilization, wound healing, and cancer therapy. It also presents the future research needs in this field, providing insights for researchers from various disciplines.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhitong Chen, Richard Obenchain, Richard E. Wirz
Summary: Researchers developed a single-electrode tiny plasma jet for clinical biomedical applications, studying the effect of voltage input and flow rate on the jet length and physical parameters. Interactions between the tiny plasma jet and different subjects showed an increase in ROS/RNS intensity as the distance decreased. These findings suggest the potential use of the tiny plasma jet device in clinical biomedical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sile Chen, Tao Cheng, Zhaoquan Chen, Xingyu Chen, Guan-Jun Zhang
Summary: Surface fluorination by low-temperature plasma treatment can enhance the surface electrical strength of insulating materials. The performance of modified materials is influenced by operation parameters, leading to different physical and chemical changes on the surface properties. Adjusting plasma exposure time, applied voltage, and CF4 volume fraction can affect the multi-effects caused by the various processes in the interface between plasma and material surface.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Tang Luo, Zhehan Zhou, Cheng-Yang Wu, Li-Ching Chiu, Jia-Yang Juang
Summary: Co-doped ZnO thin films with enhanced electrical properties and more controllable optical properties are prepared using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) systems. The films exhibit a significant increase in haze factor when prepared with specific precursor concentrations of Ga and Zr, and the interplay between Zr concentrations and film properties is examined in detail.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chi-Feng Su, Chih-Tung Liu, Jong-Shinn Wu, Ming-Tzu Ho
Summary: This paper presents the design and implementation of a miniaturized high-voltage power supply with power factor correction for atmospheric-pressure plasma jet applications. The developed power supply can control the output frequency and voltage independently, and the performance is validated using a helium APPJ load. The integration of a PFC converter improves the power factor and reduces the high-voltage ripple of the output.
Article
Physics, Applied
Nishtha Gaur, Hirofumi Kurita, Jun-Seok Oh, Saki Miyachika, Masafumi Ito, Akira Mizuno, Allison J. Cowin, Sarah Allinson, Robert D. Short, Endre J. Szili
Summary: The study investigates the potential role of hydroxyl radicals in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet treatment, showing correlation between CAP jet-induced DNA damage and the presence of hydroxyl radicals. A 'plasma screen' based on a hydrogel film is demonstrated to significantly reduce DNA damage while facilitating the delivery of hydrogen peroxide, which could be beneficial for applications focusing on DNA damage such as cancer treatment, as well as in situations where DNA damage should be minimized, such as open-wound treatment and dermatology.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jhao-Yu Guo, Yu-Lin Kuo, Hsien-Po Wang
Summary: A rapid plasma-assisted nitriding process using H-2/N-2 mixture gas was proposed to treat the surface of SKD11 cold-working steel in this study, resulting in increased surface hardness and impact wear resistance. The process formed a functional nitride layer with higher deformation resistance and improved the lifetime of SKD11 tool steel.
Article
Physics, Applied
Liyang Zhang, Dongheyu Zhang, Yuntao Guo, Qun Zhou, Haiyun Luo, Jinfeng Tie
Summary: In this study, the surface decontamination of bacteria by argon atmospheric-pressure plasma jet was systematically investigated. The chemical modifications and etching characteristics of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed through in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that etching, rather than chemical modifications, dominates the infrared spectral variations. The etching rate of bacteria is comparable to the cell wall constituents. The destruction of the cellular envelope by plasma etching is identified as the main cause of bacterial inactivation. The limited penetration depth of reactive species into bacterial deposits was also observed.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Supat Chupradit, Gunawan Widjaja, Basman Radhi Majeed, Maria Kuznetsova, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Wanich Suksatan, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Bahar Ghazi Esfahani
Summary: The development of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) devices, rich in reactive species, has shown potential as a revolutionary platform for breast cancer therapy. However, current CAP-based therapeutic systems face limitations and challenges. This review discusses the latest developments in CAP-based therapeutic systems for breast cancer treatment and explores the integration with other treatment methods.
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Xinglei Cui, Zhenbo Xu, Yangyang Zhou, Xi Zhu, Sen Wang, Zhi Fang
Summary: This study demonstrates that a superhydrophobic film can be deposited on the ceramic surface under appropriate treatment conditions, and further investigates the hydrophobicity of the film.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. Gobbin, M. Agostini, F. Auriemma, L. Carraro, R. Cavazzana, A. Fassina, P. Franz, L. Marrelli, B. Momo, R. Piovan, I Predebon, M. E. Puiatti, G. Spizzo, D. Terranova, M. Zuin
Summary: This paper investigates the collapse of electron temperature during reconnection events in high current reversed field pinch plasmas using high time resolution soft-x-ray diagnostics. The energy released during these events, similar to astrophysical plasmas, may be involved in ion heating. The authors further point out that these issues will be studied in RFX-mod2.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. Fiorucci, A. Fassina, F. Filippi, C. Mazzotta, G. Rocchi, R. Rossi, D. Terranova, O. Tudisco, P. Andreoli, M. Cipriani, F. Consoli, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, L. Giudicotti, P. Innocente, A. Belpane, G. Mauro, D. Mascali, E. Naselli, F. P. Orsitto, G. Torrisi
Summary: A multi-channels poloidal interferometer/polarimeter is being developed for the construction of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility in Italy. The diagnostics aim to measure the line integrated electron density, Faraday rotation, and Cotton Mouton effect simultaneously, with the goal of robust electron density estimation and magnetic equilibrium reconstruction. The study presents the advances in diagnostics design and optimization of chords positions using VMEC and V3FIT codes, as well as a realistic CAD-driven design of the diagnostic.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
E. Sartori, M. Agostini, M. Barbisan, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, R. Casagrande, S. Dal Bello, M. Dan, B. P. Duteil, M. Fadone, L. Grando, A. Maistrello, M. Pavei, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, A. Rizzolo, A. Shepherd, M. Ugoletti, P. Veltri, B. Zaniol, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, V. Antoni, D. Aprile, V. Candeloro, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, S. Cristofaro, M. Dalla Palma, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, S. Denizeau, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, C. Gasparrini, P. Jain, A. Luchetta, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, I. Mario, R. Milazzo, R. Pasqualotto, T. Patton, N. Pilan, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, B. Segalini, M. Siragusa, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, V. Toigo, R. Zagorski, L. Zanotto, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, G. Serianni
Summary: The paper discusses the current development of the ITER HNB and optimization work on the SPIDER test stand, focusing on the production of H- or D- ions using caesium evaporation and the beam performance during initial operation with caesium. It also presents technical solutions to address limitations of the test stand and investigates the impact of source parameters on caesium effectiveness.
Review
Optics
Donatella Fiorucci, Alessandro Fassina
Summary: Photo-neutralization of negative ions is seen as a promising technique for improving the efficiency of neutral beam heating systems in future fusion reactors. The main challenge lies in the high level of optical power required, which necessitates the use of light trapping methods.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. Q. Tran, P. Agostinetti, G. Aiello, K. Avramidis, B. Baiocchi, M. Barbisan, V. Bobkov, S. Briefi, A. Bruschi, R. Chavan, I. Chelis, Ch. Day, R. Delogu, B. Ell, F. Fanale, A. Fassina, U. Fantz, H. Faugel, L. Figini, D. Fiorucci, R. Friedl, Th Franke, G. Gantenbein, S. Garavaglia, G. Granucci, S. Hanke, J. -p. Hogge, C. Hopf, A. Kostic, S. Illy, Z. Ioannidis, J. Jelonnek, J. Jin, G. Latsas, F. Louche, V. Maquet, R. Maggiora, A. Messiaen, D. Milanesio, A. Mimo, A. Moro, R. Ochoukov, J. Ongena, I. G. Pagonakis, D. Peponis, A. Pimazzoni, R. Ragona, N. Rispoli, T. Ruess, T. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, P. Spaeh, G. Starnella, D. Strauss, M. Thumm, W. Tierens, I. Tigelis, C. Tsironis, M. Usoltceva, D. Van Eester, F. Veronese, P. Vincenzi, F. Wagner, C. Wu, F. Zeus, W. Zhang
Summary: The European DEMO project focuses on developing a pulsed device to study the power requirements for different phases of plasma, with a main goal of heating and controlling the plasma. The project was in the Pre-Concept Design Phase from 2014 to 2020, continuously improving the heating system and researching the EC, IC, and NB systems.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
L. Cordaro, P. Zanca, M. Zuin, F. Auriemma, A. Fassina, E. Martines, B. Zaniol, R. Cavazzana, G. De Masi, G. Grenfell, B. Momo, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, N. Vianello
Summary: This study focuses on the fast, spontaneous rotation of tearing modes (TM) in RFX-mod circular tokamak discharges and identifies the reasons for the rotation slowdown.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
R. Agnello, M. Barbisan, R. Pasqualotto, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, E. Sartori, G. Serianni
Summary: The negative ion source SPIDER is crucial for the development of the Heating Neutral Beam injectors for ITER. By operating and optimizing a full-scale negative ion source, SPIDER aims to achieve particles accelerated up to 100 keV. The investigation of stripping losses in SPIDER can provide useful methods to estimate for the full-scale HNB injector, MITICA, currently under manufacturing.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. Serianni, E. Sartori, R. Agnello, M. Agostini, M. Barbisan, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, V. Candeloro, R. Casagrande, S. Dal Bello, M. Dan, B. P. Duteil, M. Fadone, L. Grando, P. Jain, A. Maistrello, I. Mario, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, A. Rizzolo, A. Shepherd, M. Ugoletti, P. Veltri, B. Zaniol, P. Agostinetti, D. Aprile, G. Berton, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, S. Cristofaro, G. Croci, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, A. Luchetta, F. Lunardon, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, O. McCormack, R. Milazzo, A. Muraro, T. Patton, N. Pilan, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, F. Santoro, B. Segalini, M. Siragusa, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, L. Zanotto, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, V. Toigo
Summary: This contribution provides an overview of recent operations and main results of cesium injection in the SPIDER negative ion source. Experiments without cesium injection were conducted to verify operational parameters and determine the operational region, while preliminary cesium experiments showed increased negative ion current and decreased co-extracted electrons, with control parameters influencing beam uniformity. Non-Gaussian tails were identified in the angular distribution perpendicular to beam propagation direction. A major shutdown is planned for late 2021 to address operational issues and make scheduled modifications, aiming to meet ITER requirements.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
D. Marcuzzi, V. Toigo, M. Boldrin, G. Chitarin, S. Dal Bello, L. Grando, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, G. Berton, M. Bigi, M. Brombin, V. Candela, V. Candeloro, A. Canton, R. Casagrande, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, M. Dan, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, M. Fadone, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, F. Gnesotto, P. Jain, A. La Rosa, D. Lopez-Bruna, R. Lorenzini, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, N. Marconato, I. Mario, G. Martini, R. Milazzo, T. Patton, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, N. Pomaro, B. Pouradier-Duteil, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, D. Rizzetto, A. Rizzolo, F. Santoro, E. Sartori, B. Segalini, A. Shepherd, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, A. Sottocornola, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Tinti, P. Tomsic, L. Trevisan, M. Ugoletti, M. Valente, M. Valisa, F. Veronese, M. Vignando, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, B. Zaniol, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Cavenago, D. Boilson, C. Rotti, H. Decamps, F. Geli, A. Sharma, P. Veltri, J. Zacks, M. Simon, F. Paolucci, A. Garbuglia, D. Gutierrez, A. Masiello, G. Mico, C. Labate, P. Readman, E. Bragulat, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, G. Kouzmenko, F. Albajar, M. Kashiwagi, H. Tobari, A. Kojima, M. Murayama, S. Hatakeyama, E. Oshita, T. Maejima, N. Shibata, Y. Yamashita, K. Watanabe, N. P. Singh, M. J. Singh, H. Dhola, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, C. Wimmer, D. Wuenderlich, K. Tsumori, G. Croci, G. Gorini, A. Muraro, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, D. Rigamonti, F. Taccogna, D. Bruno, M. Rutigliano, S. Longo, S. Deambrosis, E. Miorin, F. Montagner, A. Tonti, F. Panin
Summary: ITER plans to use two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of its auxiliary heating and current drive system. The expected power per injector is higher than existing facilities worldwide. To enable this development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) has been established, consisting of two test beds called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER focuses on developing and characterizing efficient negative ion sources, while MITICA is a full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector. The lessons learned from the NBTF implementation and future perspectives are discussed.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Alberto Maistrello, Matteo Agostini, Marco Bigi, Matteo Brombin, Mattia Dan, Riccardo Casagrande, Marco De Nardi, Alberto Ferro, Elena Gaio, Palak Jain, Francesco Lunardon, Nicolo Marconato, Diego Marcuzzi, Mauro Recchia, Tommaso Patton, Mauro Pavei, Francesco Santoro, Vanni Toigo, Loris Zanotto, Marco Barbisan, Lucio Baseggio, Marco Bernardi, Giovanni Berton, Marco Boldrin, Samuele Dal Bello, Daniele Fasolo, Luca Franchin, Raffaele Ghiraldelli, Luca Grando, Ruggero Milazzo, Antonio Pimazzoni, Andrea Rigoni, Emanuele Sartori, Gianluigi Serianni, Alastair Shepherd, Margherita Ugoletti, Barbara Zaniol, Daniele Zella, Enrico Zerbetto, Hans Decamps, Chandramouli Rotti, Pierluigi Veltri
Summary: SPIDER is the full-scale prototype of the ion source for the ITER Heating Neutral Beam Injector, but it faced various electrical issues during its operation. One of the main issues was RF discharges on the RF circuit, which limited the operating pressure within the source. Frequency instabilities of self-excited RF oscillators were found to be intrinsic limits of this technology, leading to the decision of replacing the RF generators with solid-state amplifier technology. Other issues included mutual coupling between RF circuits, electromagnetic compatibility problems, operational space limitations, and the configuration of the magnetic filter field layout.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Bruno Goncalves, Paulo Varela, Antonio Silva, Filipe Silva, Jorge Santos, Emanuel Ricardo, Alberto Vale, Raul Luis, Yohanes Nietiadi, Artur Malaquias, Jorge Belo, Jose Dias, Jorge Ferreira, Thomas Franke, Wolfgang Biel, Stephane Heuraux, Tiago Ribeiro, Gianluca De Masi, Onofrio Tudisco, Roberto Cavazzana, Giuseppe Marchiori, Ocleto D'Arcangelo
Summary: Providing energy from fusion and scaling up the process efficiently and economically is a major challenge in engineering. Plasma Position Reflectometry (PPR) plays an important role in future fusion machines by monitoring plasma position and shape. It uses radar methods in microwave and millimetre wave frequency ranges to measure density profile for plasma control.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
A. Pimazzoni, P. Agostinetti, D. Aprile, G. Serianni, E. Sartori, F. Veronese, P. Veltri
Summary: Among the heating and current drive system under development for ITER, there will be two neutral beam injectors with a power of 16.5 MW each, based on the acceleration of H- / D- ions up to 870 keV / 1 MeV. The optimization of beam divergence, aiming, and homogeneity is crucial to prevent damage to beamline components or accelerator grids when dealing with an accelerated beam power of up to 40 MW. The design of the ITER HNB prototype, MITICA, utilized multiple codes and experimental inputs, with heat loads estimated by the 2D version of the Monte Carlo particle tracing code EAMCC.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
E. Sartori, V. Candeloro, M. Fadone, A. Pimazzoni, G. Serianni
Summary: SPIDER is the prototype negative ion source for ITER's heating neutral beam injectors. The entire SPIDER beam source is enclosed within the vacuum vessel, meaning the voltage holding is affected by the background gas pressure. To maintain the nominal filling pressure and minimize vessel pressure, the number of extraction apertures was limited during recent operations. A machined molybdenum sheet was installed to close the apertures downstream of the plasma-facing electrode. This article discusses the implications of this configuration on experimental results and predicts differences in future high-current operations.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Alastair Shepherd, Tommaso Patton, Basile Pouradier Duteil, Antonio Pimazzoni, Andrea Rigoni Garola, Emanuele Sartori
Summary: The SPIDER prototype of the ITER Heating Neutral Beam source has recently started operating with evaporated caesium, which improves the extracted current of the symbolscript while reducing the co-extracted electron current. The beam exhibits inhomogeneities due to magnetic drifts caused by the transverse filter field. By operating with a diminished number of extraction apertures and using a mask to reduce the gas flow conductance between the source and the vessel, the current of individual beamlets can be directly measured. The beam homogeneity has been assessed under different operating conditions, and increasing the Cs evaporation rate and unbalancing the power of the RF generators have proven effective at mitigating the beam inhomogeneity.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. Barbisan, M. Cavenago, R. S. Delogu, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, M. Ugoletti, V. Variale, V Antoni, D. Ravarotto, G. Serianni, C. Baltador, L. Franchin, A. Minarello, D. Martini, M. Maniero, R. Rizzieri, L. Romanato, F. Rossetto, F. Taccogna
Summary: This article describes the operation of the H- ion source used in NIO1 and discusses the different results in Cs-free and Cs-based regimes. The results show that by adjusting the parameters appropriately, the current density can be further increased in the Cs-based regime, but there is also a limitation of overcesiation.
19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ION SOURCES - ICIS2021
(2022)