Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Mattia Furlan, Stefano de Pretis, Mattia Pelizzola
Summary: Despite RNA abundance being commonly assumed as a proxy for transcriptional activity, it is now possible to calculate how synthesis, processing, and degradation rates collectively determine the abundance of each gene's RNA. Different transcriptional outputs can correspond to different combinations of kinetic rates, indicating the existence of markedly different modes of gene expression regulation and their profound effects on gene self-expression regulation.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ariadna Sanchez, Victorine H. Roos, Matilde Navarro, Marta Pineda, Berta Caballol, Lorena Moreno, Sabela Carballal, Lorena Rodriguez-Alonso, Teresa Ramon Y. Cajal, Gemma Llort, Virginia Pinol, Adria Lopez-Fernandez, Inmaculada Salces, Maria Dolores Pico, Laura Rivas, Luis Bujanda, Marta Garzon, Angeles Pizarro, Eva Martinez de Castro, Maria Jesus Lopez-Arias, Carmen Poves, Catalina Garau, Daniel Rodriguez-Alcalde, Maite Herraiz, Cristina Alvarez-Urrutia, Andres Dacal, Marta Carrillo-Palau, Lucia Cid, Marta Ponce, Eva Barreiro-Alonso, Esteban Saperas, Elena Aguirre, Cristina Romero, Barbara Bastiaansen, Maribel Gonzalez-Acosta, Blai Morales-Romero, Teresa Ocana, Liseth Rivero-Sanchez, Gerhard Jung, Xavier Bessa, Joaquin Cubiella, Rodrigo Jover, Francisco Rodriguez-Moranta, Judith Balmana, Joan Brunet, Antoni Castells, Evelien Dekker, Gabriel Capella, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Leticia Moreira, Maria Pellise, Francesc Balaguer
Summary: The study suggests that in LS carriers, complete colonoscopies with adequate bowel preparation and chromoendoscopy use improve adenoma detection, while surveillance intervals of less than 3 years are associated with a reduction in PCCRC incidence. High-quality colonoscopy surveillance is crucial for preventing CRC in LS.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikita Shepelev, Olga Dontsova, Maria Rubtsova
Summary: Telomere length is associated with cell proliferative potential and is maintained by telomerase. Telomerase is activated during cellular division and plays a crucial role in processes like regeneration, immune response, embryonic development, and cancer progression. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of telomerase biogenesis and activity is important for manipulating telomerase and influencing these processes. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in telomerase regulation and the role of post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications in telomerase biogenesis and function in yeast and vertebrates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rym Sfaxi, Biswendu Biswas, Galina Boldina, Mandy Cadix, Nicolas Servant, Huimin Chen, Daniel R. Larson, Martin Dutertre, Caroline Robert, Stephan Vagner
Summary: The recognition of polyadenylation signals (PAS) in eukaryotic pre-mRNAs is usually coupled to transcription termination, occurring while pre-mRNA is chromatin-bound. However, for some pre-mRNAs, this 3'-end processing occurs post-transcriptionally, i.e., through a co-transcriptional cleavage (CoTC) event downstream of the PAS, leading to chromatin release and subsequent PAS cleavage in the nucleoplasm. These findings indicate that CoTC-type cleavage of pre-mRNAs, followed by PAS cleavage in the nucleoplasm, allows certain pre-mRNAs to escape 3'-end processing inhibition in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
Article
Biology
Maxim Maron, Alyssa D. Casill, Varun Gupta, Jacob S. Roth, Simone Sidoli, Charles C. Query, Matthew J. Gamble, David Shechter
Summary: Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) play important roles in the regulation of RNA processing factors. This study investigated the impact of PRMT inhibition on splicing regulation using a newly developed method called SKaTER-seq. The results showed that PRMT inhibition altered splicing rates and revealed differences between co-transcriptional splicing kinetics and final splicing outcomes. Further analysis showed that PRMTs post-transcriptionally regulate splicing by altering protein binding. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed the role of PRMTs in splicing regulation.
Review
Cell Biology
Qiuqin Ma, Shihui Long, Zhending Gan, Gianluca Tettamanti, Kang Li, Ling Tian
Summary: Autophagy, a widely conserved process in eukaryotes, is regulated by nutrient deprivation, energy stress, and other unfavorable conditions through multiple pathways. It is primarily governed at the RNA and protein levels in a synergistic manner.
Article
Immunology
Charles M. Bowen, Nan Deng, Laura Reyes-Uribe, Edwin Roger Parra, Pedro Rocha, Luisa M. Solis, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Valerie O. Sepeda, Lana Vornik, Marjorie Perloff, Eva Szabo, Asad Umar, Krishna M. Sinha, Powel H. Brown, Eduardo Vilar
Summary: Recent clinical trial data showed that naproxen can activate different immune cell types without increasing lymphoid cellularity. This study used cutting-edge technology to identify the immune cell types activated by naproxen in mucosal tissue of Lynch Syndrome patients. The findings suggest that naproxen promotes T-cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa, paving the way for developing combination immunoprevention strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ruifan Wu, Shengchun Feng, Fan Li, Gang Shu, Lina Wang, Ping Gao, Xiaotong Zhu, Canjun Zhu, Songbo Wang, Qingyan Jiang
Summary: Obesity is a global health problem associated with metabolic diseases. This study investigates the role of YBX1 in adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion. The researchers found that YBX1 deficiency inhibited adipocyte differentiation and that YBX1 promotes adipogenesis through ULK1- and ULK2-mediated autophagy. The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms and functional importance of YBX1 in regulating autophagy and adipogenesis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenjun Jiang, Xiaohang Pan, Haifan Yan, Guoping Wang
Summary: Low expression levels of HSPA1A, HSPA1B, and HSPA1L were found to be correlated with improved overall survival in patients with CRC. Joint low expression levels of these genes were associated with improved OS. A nomogram model based on HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA1L, and tumor stage was able to predict the survival rates of CRC patients.
MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Gabriella Tiernan, Victoria Freeman, April Morrow, Emily Hogden, Karen Canfell, Yoon-Jung Kang, Natalie Taylor
Summary: The study found that 'knowledge' emerged as a facilitator and 'negative emotional experience' as a barrier in LS diagnosis pathway. Personal supportive views towards genetic testing increased post-interview. Providing guidance/resources to inform decisions around risk-reducing interventions and informing family members is critical when communicating with tumour test-positive CRC patients or their relatives about LS genetic testing.
Article
Oncology
Anna Maria Kastner, Josefine Fischer-Jacobs, Jan Brederecke, Andrea Hahne, Tanja Zimmermann
Summary: The present study aims to assess distress, anxiety, and depression in adult carriers with hereditary cancer syndromes and identify risk groups and predictors for clinicians. The results suggest that the psychosocial consequences of hereditary cancer syndromes are serious and regular screening for anxiety and depression is recommended for carriers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alison C. Greenlaw, Kris G. Alavattam, Toshio Tsukiyama
Summary: To ensure cell survival during quiescence, cells modulate their gene expression and transcription. By studying the nascent transcriptome, researchers identified over a thousand noncoding RNAs in quiescent and G1 yeast cells, revealing that noncoding transcription plays a larger role in the quiescent state. Furthermore, post-transcriptional regulation is increased in quiescence, affecting both mRNA and ncRNA. The nuclear exosome-NNS pathway was found to regulate the abundance of mRNAs involved in various cellular processes during quiescent entry, highlighting its important biological role in mRNA regulation.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lulu Yu, Vladimir Majerciak, Zhi-Ming Zheng
Summary: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of viruses that cause cancer, with HPV16 and HPV18 being the most common types responsible for majority of cases. The expression of their genome is regulated by alternative RNA splicing, and epigenetic modifications also play a role in HPV infections and carcinogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Vivek Kumar Raxwal, Somya Singh, Manu Agarwal, Karel Riha
Summary: The study revealed that new genes in rice have relatively low expression levels, possibly controlled by distal enhancers and chromatin conformation at their TSS; the chromatin in TSS regions may be remodeled in response to abiotic stress, indicating conditional expression of young genes. Furthermore, transcripts of young genes in Arabidopsis are prone to nonsense-mediated RNA decay, restricting their expression.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton Dome, Maya Dymova, Vladimir Richter, Grigory Stepanov
Summary: This review focuses on the alterations in post-transcriptional maturation of RNA in human glioblastoma cells, which disrupts the normal process of apoptosis. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest insights into post-transcriptional modifications of specific regulatory RNAs associated with apoptosis, presents findings on the characteristics of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, and highlights the connection between regulatory RNAs and apoptosis in tumor cells. In conclusion, potential target candidates for the development of new drugs for glioblastoma treatment are identified.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)