Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antia Fernandez-Pombo, Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero, Ana I. Castro, Ana Canton-Blanco, Luisa M. Seoane, Felipe F. Casanueva, Ana B. Crujeiras, Miguel A. Martinez-Olmos
Summary: Chronic heart failure often leads to involuntary weight loss and muscle wasting, necessitating careful nutritional evaluation and treatment to prevent or improve cardiac cachexia and sarcopenia, as well as improve the course of the disease.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jeremy B. Ducharme, Zachary J. McKenna, Michael R. Deyhle
Summary: Conditions characterized by muscle wasting, such as cachexia and sarcopenia, have a significant impact on individuals and public health. Inflammation, specifically lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through Toll-like receptor-4 activation, plays a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of Toll-like receptor-4 activation and the effects of exercise on this axis may lead to nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ethan R. Holder, Faisal J. Alibhai, Samantha L. Caudle, John C. McDermott, Stephanie W. Tobin
Summary: This review explores the potential for sex-specific differences in cardiac cachexia, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of clinical methods used to measure muscle mass and function and providing alternative measurements that should be considered in preclinical studies. It also summarizes the sex-dependent effects on muscle wasting in preclinical models of heart failure, disuse, and cancer. Additionally, it discusses the endocrine function of the heart and outlines unanswered questions that could impact patient care directly.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Junjie Wang, Shanjun Tan, Luca Gianotti, Guohao Wu
Summary: Wasting in cancer patients adversely affects their quality of life, treatment tolerance, and oncological outcomes. Evaluating this condition solely based on body weight is not accurate, as it includes changes in all body compartments and may be masked by conditions such as edema and ascites. Historically, body composition assessment in cancer patients has been underappreciated due to limited measurement tools. However, as the importance of body composition is increasingly recognized, a more precise evaluation and targeted approach to nutritional support for cancer patients is crucial.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yudai Fujimoto, Daichi Maeda, Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Tsutomu Sunayama, Taishi Dotare, Kentaro Jujo, Kazuya Saito, Kentaro Kamiya, Hiroshi Saito, Yuki Ogasahara, Emi Maekawa, Masaaki Konishi, Takeshi Kitai, Kentaro Iwata, Hiroshi Wada, Masaru Hiki, Takatoshi Kasai, Hirofumi Nagamatsu, Tetsuya Ozawa, Katsuya Izawa, Shuhei Yamamoto, Naoki Aizawa, Kazuki Wakaume, Kazuhiro Oka, Shin-ichi Momomura, Yuya Matsue
Summary: This study examined the relationship between sar-copenia and cachexia in older patients with heart failure, and found that there is an overlap between these two conditions and they have prognostic implications. This study is of great importance for understanding the relevant diseases in patients with heart failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorenzo Nevi, Noora Pollanen, Fabio Penna, Giuseppina Caretti
Summary: Epigenetic changes are associated with muscle wasting in various pathological conditions, and targeting HDACs and BET proteins may be a promising strategy to reverse this process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelique Stalmach, Ines Boehm, Marco Fernandes, Alison Rutter, Richard J. E. Skipworth, Holger Husi
Summary: The importance of investigating the muscle proteome related to muscle atrophy diseases is highlighted in this study. By conducting a meta-analysis using gene ontology analysis of multiple human proteomic studies, common biological processes of muscle wasting conditions can be identified. Integrating proteomics data from tissue samples and biofluids is recommended for a comprehensive overview of the human skeletal muscle proteome.
Review
Oncology
Tania Setiawan, Ita Novita Sari, Yoseph Toni Wijaya, Nadya Marcelina Julianto, Jabir Aliyu Muhammad, Hyeok Lee, Ji Heon Chae, Hyog Young Kwon
Summary: Muscle wasting is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can be caused by physiological changes or various diseases. Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, leading to functional impairment and reduced quality of life. It is caused by inflammation and an increase in muscle breakdown. This article summarizes the molecular networks that regulate muscle mass, discusses the multi-organ roles in cancer cachexia, and explores potential therapeutic approaches, as there are currently no approved drugs for this condition.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Louisa Tichy, Traci L. Parry
Summary: Cancer-induced cardiac cachexia is a major cause of death in cancer patients, characterized by severe cardiac muscle wasting and dysfunction. The exact molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, but researchers have identified different stages of progression and potential biomarkers for detection and monitoring. Current treatment options are limited and there is a need for further research to develop effective interventions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva, Eduardo A. A. Oliveira, Wai W. W. Cheung, Robert R. H. Mak
Summary: Redox signaling alterations contribute to CKD-associated cachexia. This review summarizes studies on the redox pathophysiology in CKD-associated cachexia and muscle wasting, and discusses potential therapeutic approaches using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules to restore redox homeostasis. Antioxidant molecules have been studied in experimental models and patients with CKD, and oxidative stress is increased in CKD due to factors such as uremic toxins, inflammation, and metabolic and hormone alterations. Rehabilitation and anti-inflammatory molecules have shown beneficial effects for CKD-associated cachexia, and experimental studies have shown the importance of oxidative stress through the use of antioxidant therapies. Further studies are needed for potential therapies involving antioxidant therapy.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Masaaki Konishi, Eiichi Akiyama, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Ryosuke Sato, Shinnosuke Kikuchi, Hidefumi Nakahashi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Noriaki Iwahashi, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Kiyoshi Hibi, Toshihiro Misumi, Stephan von Haehling, Stefan D. Anker, Kouichi Tamura, Kazuo Kimura
Summary: The study found that more than half of heart failure patients had reduced muscle mass, and lower values of both muscle and fat mass were associated with higher mortality in heart failure.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Valentina Di Felice, Rosario Barone, Eleonora Trovato, Daniela D'Amico, Filippo Macaluso, Claudia Campanella, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Vera Muccilli, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Patrizia Cancemi, Gabriele Multhoff, Dario Coletti, Sergio Adamo, Felicia Farina, Francesco Cappello
Summary: Physiactisome, a conditioned medium released by Hsp60-overexpressing C2C12 cell lines, shows potential for treating cachexia by activating the expression of PGC-1 alpha isoform 1 and suppressing muscle atrophy.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Katsuhiko Ohori, Toshiyuki Yano, Satoshi Katano, Ryohei Nagaoka, Ryo Numazawa, Kotaro Yamano, Yusuke Fujisawa, Hidemichi Kouzu, Nobutaka Nagano, Takefumi Fujito, Ryo Nishikawa, Wataru Ohwada, Masato Furuhashi
Summary: This study examined whether self-reported weight loss improves the accuracy of predicting mortality caused by sarcopenia in heart failure patients. The results showed that sarcopenia and self-reported weight loss coexisted in 32% of patients. The coexistence of sarcopenia and self-reported weight loss was found to be a powerful predictor of mortality in heart failure patients, and its inclusion significantly improved the accuracy of the prediction model.
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Amanda R. Vest, Joronia Chery, Laura Telfer, Matthew Lawrence, Michael S. Kiernan, Gregory Couper, Edward Saltzman, Didjana Celkupa, Masashi Kawaborie, William W. Wong, Alex Coston
Summary: There were significant gains in skeletal muscle mass among LVAD recipients with advanced systolic heart failure during the first 6 months of LVAD support.
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erika Yamamoto, Takao Kato, Hidenori Yaku, Takeshi Morimoto, Yasutaka Inuzuka, Yodo Tamaki, Neiko Ozasa, Yusuke Yoshikawa, Takeshi Kitai, Ryoji Taniguchi, Moritake Iguchi, Masashi Kato, Mamoru Takahashi, Toshikazu Jinnai, Tomoyuki Ikeda, Kazuya Nagao, Takafumi Kawai, Akihiro Komasa, Ryusuke Nishikawa, Yuichi Kawase, Takashi Morinaga, Mitsunori Kawato, Yuta Seko, Masayuki Shiba, Mamoru Toyofuku, Yutaka Furukawa, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Kenji Ando, Kazushige Kadota, Satoshi Shizuta, Koh Ono, Yukihito Sato, Koichiro Kuwahara, Takeshi Kimura
Summary: The study found that loss of appetite at discharge was associated with higher 1-year mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Appetite is a simple, reliable, and useful subjective marker for risk stratification of patients with heart failure.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kashvi Gupta, Ioannis Mastoris, Andrew J. Sauer
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander L. Wallner, Salvatore Savona, Rami Kahwash
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Anousheh Awais Paracha, Jan Biegus, Rafael de la Espriella, Julio Nunez, Carlos G. Santos-Gallego, Dmitry Yaranov, Marat Fudim
Summary: The increase of preload in heart failure can lead to excessive intracardiac pressures. The reduction of preload can be achieved through pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, with nonpharmacological interventions aiming to reduce blood inflow or increase splanchnic vascular blood pooling.
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Parin J. Patel, Asim S. Ahmed
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Husam M. Salah, Claudia Baratto, Dmitry M. Yaranov, Karl-Philipp Rommel, Satyanarayana Achanta, Sergio Caravita, Vinay Kumar Reddy Vasanthu, Marat Fudim
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gregory R. Jackson, Abhinav Singh
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ronald D. Bass, Joseph Phillips, Jorge Sanz Sanchez, Priti Shah, Stephen Sum, Ron Waksman, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia
Summary: NIRS-derived LCBI is an effective measurement for identifying vulnerable patients and plaques at risk of future adverse events. Patients with an elevated LCBI have higher odds of enduring a future adverse event.
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Adam Bland, Eunice Chuah, William Meere, Thomas J. Ford
Summary: CMD is a challenging condition to manage due to its heterogenous pathophysiology, presentation, and response to therapy. Although awareness of CMD is improving, there is a lack of randomized trials for therapy. Invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation can improve patient-centered outcomes. Beta-blockers are the cornerstone of therapy for CMD angina, and non-pharmacological interventions play a central role in management. Further research is needed to assess the impact of traditional and novel pharmacological therapies on symptoms and clinical events in different CMD endotypes.
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
(2024)