Article
Oncology
Kyle Wang, Hayley E. Malkin, Nicholas D. Patchett, Kevin A. Pearlstein, Hillary M. Heiling, Sean D. McCabe, Allison M. Deal, Panayiotis Mavroidis, Mary Oakey, Jeffrey Fenoli, Carrie B. Lee, J. Larry Klein, Brian C. Jensen, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Lawrence B. Marks, Ashley A. Weiner
Summary: This study found that computed tomography (CT) coronary calcifications are associated with cardiac toxicity and can help ascertain baseline heart disease. The presence of coronary calcifications can identify high-risk patients and guide clinicians in taking measures before potentially cardiotoxic cancer treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
David S. Schade, Martin Hickey, Philip Eaton
Summary: Coronary artery calcium scanning is a test used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring the calcium deposition in the coronary arteries. The score obtained from the test helps determine the likelihood of future cardiovascular events. Higher scores indicate higher risks and warrant aggressive treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anurag Mehta, Nestor Vasquez, Colby R. Ayers, Jaideep Patel, Ananya Hooda, Amit Khera, Roger S. Blumenthal, Michael D. Shapiro, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Michael Y. Tsai, Laurence S. Sperling, Salim S. Virani, Michael J. Blaha, Parag H. Joshi
Summary: Elevated lipoprotein(a) and coronary artery calcium are independently associated with ASCVD risk, and may be concurrently useful in guiding primary prevention therapy decisions, as demonstrated in the MESA and DHS cohorts.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriana Sorina Capisizu, Silviu Marcel Stanciu, Dragos Cuzino
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with coronary artery calcium score being a powerful method in its assessment. Romania has a high risk of cardiovascular diseases but limited data on calcium score prevalence. A retrospective study found that age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes were associated with different levels of coronary artery calcification, with smoking and diabetes being the strongest predictors for very severe calcification. Patients with multiple risk factors were significantly more likely to have very severe calcification.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Raija Lithovius, Anni A. Antikainen, Stefan Mutter, Erkka Valo, Carol Forsblom, Valma Harjutsalo, Niina Sandholm, Per-Henrik Groop
Summary: This study explores the use of a genetic risk score (GRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk prediction in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The GRS showed similar predictive performance to established clinical markers and was more effective in younger individuals.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Noppanat Tiansuwan, Thinnakrit Sasiprapha, Sutipong Jongjirasiri, Nattawut Unwanatham, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Jiraporn Laothamatas, Thosaphol Limpijankit
Summary: The addition of coronary artery calcium (CAC) to the traditional risk factors improves cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prediction for asymptomatic patients with CV risk factors. The incorporation of CAC score into Thai CV risk scores increased the C statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI) index, showing enhancement in risk prediction.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Simon Winther, Samuel E. Schmidt, Borek Foldyna, Thomas Mayrhofer, Laust D. Rasmussen, Jonathan N. Dahl, Udo Hoffmann, Pamela S. Douglas, Juhani Knuuti, Morten Bottcher
Summary: The risk factor-weighted clinical likelihood (RF-CL) model and the coronary artery calcium score-weighted clinical likelihood (CACS-CL) model improve the identification of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with basic pretest probability (PTP) models. These new models provide improved risk stratification for myocardial infarction and death.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yeela Talmor-Barkan, Noam Bar, Aviv A. Shaul, Nir Shahaf, Anastasia Godneva, Yuval Bussi, Maya Lotan-Pompan, Adina Weinberger, Alon Shechter, Chava Chezar-Azerrad, Ziad Arow, Yoav Hammer, Kanta Chechi, Sofia K. Forslund, Sebastien Fromentin, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, S. Dusko Ehrlich, Oluf Pedersen, Ran Kornowski, Eran Segal
Summary: Multi-omic profiling of patients with coronary artery disease reveals links between alterations in the serum metabolome with genetics, diet, and the microbiome. The study found that these metabolomic alterations are associated with metabolic impairment preceding clinically overt coronary artery disease. The results highlight the importance of understanding risk-factor heterogeneity in coronary artery disease through the serum metabolome.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lars Barregard, Gerd Sallsten, Florencia Harari, Eva M. Andersson, Niklas Forsgard, Ola Hjelmgren, Oskar Angeras, Erika Fagman, Margaretha Persson, Thomas Lundh, Yan Borne, Bjorn Fagerberg, Gunnar Engstrom, Goran Bergstrom
Summary: This study found a positive association between blood cadmium levels and coronary artery calcification, supporting the link between cadmium exposure and incident cardiovascular disease. Public health measures to reduce cadmium exposure may be warranted based on these findings.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paul T. Jurgens, John J. Carr, James G. Terry, Jamal S. Rana, David R. Jacobs, Daniel A. Duprez
Summary: This study investigated the predictive value of abdominal aorta calcium (AAC) relative to coronary artery calcium (CAC) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in Black and White early middle-aged participants. The results showed that AAC and CAC had similar predictive effects on CVD, with only CAC being able to predict CHD. Additionally, AAC was able to predict incident CVD when CAC was 0.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Cora E. Lewis, Pamela J. Schreiner, James M. Shikany, Stephen Sidney, Jared P. Reis
Summary: The CARDIA study began in 1985-1986 with enrollment of 5,115 Black or White men and women ages 18 to 30 from 4 US communities. Over 35 years, CARDIA has contributed fundamentally to our understanding of cardiovascular health and disease, as well as associations between neighborhood environment, lifestyle behaviors, and biological risk factors.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Jing-Wei Gao, Si You, Zhao-Yu Liu, Qing-Yun Hao, Jing-Feng Wang, Dominique A. Vuitton, Shao-Ling Zhang, Pin-Ming Liu
Summary: The study found that metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression and subsequent cardiovascular disease events. However, MHO individuals have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to metabolically healthy individuals with normal weight.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyari Sumayin Ngamdu, Dhairyasheel S. Ghosalkar, Hojune E. Chung, Jared L. Christensen, Cadence Lee, Celia A. Butler, Tiffany Ho, Alice Chu, Jacob R. Heath, Muhammad Baig, Wen-Chih Wu, Gaurav Choudhary, Alan R. Morrison
Summary: This study found that long-term use of statins is associated with an increased likelihood of severe coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in patients with significant smoking history.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sadiya S. Khan, Wendy S. Post, Xiuqing Guo, Jingyi Tan, Fang Zhu, Daniel Bos, Bahar Sedaghati-Khayat, Jeroen van Rooij, Aaron Aday, Norrina B. Allen, Maxime M. Bos, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Matthew J. Budoff, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Jonathan D. Mosley, Jerome I. Rotter, Philip Greenland, Maryam Kavousi
Summary: Coronary artery calcium score and polygenic risk score were evaluated for their ability to predict risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in two population-based studies. The results showed that coronary artery calcium score had better discrimination and improved risk prediction when added to traditional risk factors compared to the polygenic risk score.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rieko Bessho, Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Akihiko Ikura, Karin Yamataka, Jun Inaishi, Hiromasa Takaishi, Takanori Kanai
Summary: This study investigated the association between subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the synergistic effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and MAFLD on subclinical atherosclerosis. The results showed that MAFLD was significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population, and DM-MAFLD could be a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease through insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mahmoud Al Rifai, Alka M. Kanaya, Namratha R. Kandula, Jaideep Patel, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Matthew Budoff, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Michael H. Criqui, Salim S. Virani
Summary: Individuals of South Asian ancestry have a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery calcium volume and density can identify unique plaque characteristics in this population, providing important prognostic information. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with CAC density and volume.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Jean Michel Saad, Yushui Han, Maan Malahfji, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) derived left ventricular mass (LVM) in addition to clinical variables and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). The results showed that LVM was not independently associated with outcomes and had no incremental prognostic value over MFR and clinical variables.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maan Malahfji, Valentina Crudo, Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Mujtaba Saeed, Jean Michel Saad, William A. Zoghbi, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ruby Havistin, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Matthew J. Budoff
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ilana S. Golub, Orly G. Termeie, Stephanie Kristo, Lucia P. Schroeder, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Ahmed M. Shafter, Luay Hussein, Dhiran Verghese, Jairo Aldana-Bitar, Venkat S. Manubolu, Matthew J. Budoff
Summary: This review provides a summary of global guidelines on coronary artery calcium (CAC) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment in both clinical and preventive settings. The review compares recommendations from different cardiovascular societies worldwide and identifies common features. Although there are some differences in specific intervals and cut points, international guidelines emphasize the importance of CAC in both primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Understanding the similarities among international guidelines is crucial for clinicians to make informed decisions about personalized treatment.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthew J. Budoff
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Harpreet S. S. Bhatia, Robyn L. L. McClelland, Julie Denenberg, Matthew J. J. Budoff, Matthew A. A. Allison, Michael H. H. Criqui
Summary: This study evaluated the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) density and cardiovascular disease risk across different levels of CAC volume. The combination of CAC density and volume improved risk prediction for coronary heart disease. Higher density was associated with lower risk at volume ≤ 130 mm(3), suggesting a potentially clinically useful cut point. Further research is needed to integrate these findings into a unified CAC scoring method.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Natalie Marrero, Alexander C. Razavi, Ellen Boakye, Khalil Anchouche, Zeina Dardari, Omar Dzaye, Kunal Jha, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael Y. Tsai, Jerome I. Rotter, Roger S. Blumenthal, George Thanassoulis, Wendy S. Post, Michael J. Blaha, Seamus P. Whelton
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mark G. Rabbat, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Mina M. Benjamin, Gheorghe Doros, April Kinninger, Matthew J. Budoff, Deepak L. Bhatt
Summary: The EVAPORATE trial demonstrated that IPE significantly reduced plaque burden. This study assessed the impact of IPE on coronary physiology using FFRCT. The results showed that IPE improved coronary distal segment FFRCT, providing mechanistic insight into the clinical benefit observed in the REDUCE-IT trial.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sophie E. van Rosendael, A. Maxim Bax, Fay Y. Lin, Stephan Achenbach, Daniele Andreini, Matthew J. Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Q. Callister, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin J. W. Chow, Ricardo C. Cury, Augustin J. DeLago, Gudrun Feuchtner, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Yong-Jin Kim, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Erica Maffei, Hugo Marques, Pedro de Araujo Goncalves, Gianluca Pontone, Gilbert L. Raff, Ronen Rubinshtein, Todd C. Villines, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Daniel S. Berman, James K. Min, Jeroen J. Bax, Leslee J. Shaw, Alexander R. van Rosendael
Summary: This study found that women develop coronary atherosclerosis approximately 12 years later than men, and post-menopausal women in the highest atherosclerotic burden group have a significantly higher risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to men.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ellen Boakye, Gowtham R. Grandhi, Zeina Dardari, Rishav Adhikari, Garshasb Soroosh, Kunal Jha, Omar Dzaye, Erfan Tasdighi, John Erhabor, Sant J. Kumar, Seamus Whelton, Roger S. Blumenthal, Michael Albert, Alan Rozanski, Daniel S. Berman, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael D. Miedema, Khurram Nasir, John A. Rumberger, Leslee J. Shaw, Michael Blaha
Summary: The effectiveness of coronary artery calcification (CAC) for risk stratification in obesity has not been well studied due to limited imaging. However, this study found a positive correlation between CAC and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m(2)). Therefore, CAC may serve as an effective cardiovascular risk stratification tool for prioritizing weight management therapies.
Article
Substance Abuse
Erfan Tasdighi, Kunal K. Jha, Zeina A. Dardari, Ngozi Osuji, Tanuja Rajan, Ellen Boakye, Michael E. Hall, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Andrew C. Stokes, Omar El Shahawy, Emelia J. Benjamin, Aruni Bhatnagar, Andrew P. DeFilippis, Michael J. Blaha
Summary: While the impact of combustible cigarette smoking on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well-established, the association of non-traditional tobacco products with CVD needs further exploration due to limited data and lack of well-phenotyped cohorts.
TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Patrick W. Serruys, Nozomi Kotoku, Bjarne L. Norgaard, Scot Garg, Koen Nieman, Marc R. Dweck, Jeroen J. Bax, Juhani Knuuti, Jagat Narula, Divaka Perera, Charles A. Taylor, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Edward D. Nicol, Nicolo Piazza, Carl J. Schultz, Kakuya Kitagawa, Bernard De Bruyne, Carlos Collet, Kaoru Tanaka, Saima Mushtaq, Marta Belmonte, Darius Dudek, Adriana Zlahoda-Huzior, Shengxian Tu, William Wijns, Faisal Sharif, Matthew J. Budoff, Johan de Mey, Daniele Andreini, Yoshinobu Onuma
Summary: Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has become the preferred investigation for determining the presence and haemodynamic significance of coronary artery disease. It can rule out atherosclerosis or detect subclinical plaque in patients without significant epicardial obstruction, and provide risk classification. For ischaemic non-obstructive coronary arteries, non-invasive imaging, including CCTA, is also expected. In patients with significant epicardial obstruction, CCTA can assist in planning revascularisation by determining disease complexity, vessel size, lesion length, tissue composition of the atherosclerotic plaque, and the best fluoroscopic viewing angle.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pamela Pina, Daniel Lorenzatti, Rita Paula, Jonathan Daich, Aldo L. Schenone, Carlos Gongora, Mario J. Garcia, Michael J. Blaha, Matthew J. Budoff, Daniel S. Berman, Salim S. Virani, Leandro Slipczuk
Summary: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a ongoing epidemic, primarily caused by lipid abnormalities. Despite being asymptomatic, most individuals who experience a first ASCVD event do not receive preventative therapies. Risk calculators based on traditional risk factors have been the cornerstone of primary prevention, but they often misclassify individuals, resulting in ineffective use of lipid-lowering medication or missed opportunities for prevention. The development of coronary artery calcium scoring (CAC) and CT coronary angiography (CCTA) provide tools to visualize coronary plaque and guide personalized lipid management.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anandita Agarwala, Jaideep Patel, Michael Blaha, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Khurram Nasir, Matthew Budoff
Summary: South Asian individuals, especially those in the United States and other Westernized countries, have a higher risk of ASCVD and ASCVD-related mortality. The use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring can improve risk stratification and the delivery of preventive therapies among South Asian individuals, as it is a cost-effective and highly reproducible marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)