Article
Biology
John E. Till, Harold L. Beck, Jill W. Aanenson, Helen A. Grogan, H. Justin Mohler, S. Shawn Mohler, Paul G. Voilleque
Summary: This article summarizes the methodology, results, and challenges of reconstructing red bone marrow and male breast doses for U.S. military veterans. The use of military records allowed for relatively low uncertainty in the dose calculations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
International Relations
Elizabeth Minor, Hana Umezawa, Terumi Tanaka, Sueichi Kido, Dmitriy Vesselov
Summary: Survivors' testimonies are crucial in the global effort for the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Articles 6 and 7 of the TPNW require states to provide assistance to victims and remediate affected environments. Policy development should be guided by the priorities identified by affected communities.
Article
International Relations
Kyungwon Suh
Summary: The nuclear competition school challenges the theory of the nuclear revolution by providing empirical evidence that the nuclear balance of power significantly affects political outcomes. However, little attention has been paid to exploring the effect of the nuclear balance on the initiation of nuclear crises. The author's statistical analysis suggests that having a superior nuclear arsenal does not reduce the likelihood of an opponent initiating a nuclear crisis.
JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
International Relations
Nicholas L. Miller
Summary: By examining nearly 200 US assessments of foreign countries' nuclear intentions between 1957 and 1966, it was found that close to 80 percent of the assessments were correct, transitioning from highly inaccurate in the late 1950s to highly accurate in the 1960s. The research concludes that learning from early failures led to increased accuracy within the intelligence community.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marek Kubicki, Bogna Myslek-Laurikainen, Anna Odzimek
Summary: This study analyzes the impact mechanisms of different events (Fukushima nuclear accident, Chernobyl disaster, nuclear weapons testing) on atmospheric electricity parameters, focusing on the influence of radioactive sources, the formation of free charge and bound-induced charges by radioactive aerosol and cloud nuclei, and the variations caused by different meteorological conditions.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinsun Kim, Vincent J. Dowling, Timir Datta, Yuriy V. Pershin
Summary: It has been discovered that the evaporation of Glenlivet whisky leaves behind a uniform deposit, which is utilized in the fabrication of electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) cells. This structure involves separating the top (Ag) and bottom (Co) electrodes with a whisky deposit as an insulator. The measurements show that the device's response exhibits typical features of ECM cells, including threshold-type switching, pinched hysteresis loops, and a significant difference between high- and low-resistance states. The surface coating process used simplifies device fabrication and results in a biodegradable insulating layer, which may aid in the recovery of recyclable materials at the end of the device's lifespan.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Rami Benbenishty, Ron Avi Astor, Ilan Roziner
Summary: School safety has been a significant public health concern in the United States and internationally. However, this study reveals that there has been a consistent reduction in school violence, weapon involvement, and improvements in school climate over the past three decades. These findings suggest that social investment in school safety has played a role in these positive changes.
WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
International Relations
Eleonora Mattiacci, Rupal N. Mehta, Rachel Elizabeth Whitlark
Summary: The study shows that states with overt lab-scale enrichment and reprocessing facilities are more likely to receive cooperative overtures from the United States, whereas those that keep their facilities secret experience the opposite. These results have important implications for international security.
JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Martina Daute, Frances Jack, Barry Harrison, Graeme Walker
Summary: The study examined the impact of different wort pretreatments on fermentation performance and flavor development in Scotch whisky distillates, finding that boiled and autoclaved wort led to increased levels of esters and higher alcohols, while filtered wort had lower congeners. However, all three pretreatments resulted in decreased alcohol yields, with frozen or fresh wort recommended for small-scale fermentation trials.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephane Bourassa, Daniel Noebert, Marc Dauphin, Jerome Rambaud, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Francois Leger, Daan Beijer, Yvan Fortier, Mina Dligui, Hristijan Ivanovski, Serge Simard, Philippe Jouvet, Jacinthe Leclerc
Summary: This study aims to describe the acute management of patients exposed to a chemical attack from the incident site until their transfer to a medical facility. It will collect contextual and clinical information, including protective measures and decontamination capabilities. The results will be disseminated through various means.
Review
Nuclear Science & Technology
Susan K. Hanson, Warren J. Oldham
Summary: The Trinity nuclear test on July 16, 1945 in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico, led to the introduction of new radiochemical experiments to study the detailed performance of the nuclear device. These experiments, led by scientists, laid the foundation for weapons radiochemistry for decades to come.
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
International Relations
Julianne Phillips
Summary: The expansion of the nuclear club alters the structure of the international system by influencing alignments and changing the incentives of great powers. Possessing nuclear weapons can allow states to draw their patrons closer, leading to a tightening of hierarchies against their wishes.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND PEACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
International Relations
William Spaniel
Summary: The provision of technical assistance by members of the non-proliferation regime to countries considering nuclear weapons raises puzzling questions. While assistance can help donors better understand the recipient's nuclear capabilities, it can also lead to proliferation if misleading information is observed. Understanding how scientific intelligence influences international negotiations is an important yet underexplored topic for political scientists.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND PEACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Shan Xu, Alicia Dodt
Summary: Since the nuclear bomb attack in 1945, the world's nuclear technology has advanced, allowing for larger-scale and more destructive attacks. Concerns arise about the potential humanitarian consequences, including radiation injuries, diseases, and the functionality of medical and support systems following a massive nuclear attack. The survival of citizens in such a scenario is also discussed.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
(2023)
Article
International Relations
Christopher W. Blair, Jonathan A. Chu, Joshua A. Schwartz
Summary: Research shows that some citizens privately support taboo policies but are reluctant to express counter-normative opinions openly due to fear of social sanctions, making it difficult to identify insincere norm-holders from sincere ones in surveys. The use of list design in surveys allows respondents to indirectly express sensitive opinions and has broader implications for how norms are conceptualized and measured in international politics.
JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Caroline Malone, Nathaniel Cutajar, T. Rowan McLaughlin, Bernardette Mercieca-Spiteri, Anthony Pace, Ronika K. Power, Simon Stoddart, Sharon Sultana, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Alex Bayliss, Frances Healy, Alasdair Whittle
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Philip Naysmith, E. Marian Scott, Elaine Dunbar, Gordon T. Cook
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alan G. Hogg, Gordon T. Cook
Summary: This article discusses the past, present, and future applications of liquid scintillation spectroscopy (LS counting or LSC) as an alternative method for C-14 analysis, particularly when accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis is less desirable.
Article
Anthropology
M. Jane Bunting, Michelle Farrell, Elaine Dunbar, Paula Reimer, Alex Bayliss, Peter Marshall, Alasdair Whittle
Summary: This study provides a detailed reconstruction of the spatio-temporal patterns of human activity and environmental changes in Neolithic Orkney. By analyzing pollen records and radiocarbon dating, the researchers discovered major alterations in land cover and landscape openness during the Neolithic period. The increase in disturbed land coincided with the establishment of settlements and agricultural development, suggesting that the economy of Neolithic Orkney heavily relied on pasture. Furthermore, the study found that by around 2800 cal BC, the number of settlements decreased as people dispersed into other areas of the island, indicating a shift in human activity.
JOURNAL OF WORLD PREHISTORY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Arkadiusz Marciniak, Joanna Pyzel, Marta Krueger, Mikolaj Lisowski, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Alistair Barclay, Alex Bayliss, Bisserka Gaydarska, Alasdair Whittle
Summary: A new study reveals that the LBK culture in the central Polish lowlands emerged, lasted, and ended at different times than previously believed. The study also suggests that there was a gap between the decline of LBK and the emergence of the Late Band Pottery culture. The possible causes of the decline of LBK include various factors such as climate, population, warfare, culture, disease, and internal conflict, which need further research to determine the most plausible explanations.
PRAEHISTORISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Richard Tipping, John G. Harrison, Danny Paterson, Gordon Cook, Derek Hamilton
Summary: This study re-assesses the 'high road' to Stirling in the early 14th century through new radiocarbon dating, palaeo-environmental analysis, and documentary evidence. The findings challenge some existing perceptions of the landscape and emphasize the importance of multi-proxy data sources. While there were few obstacles compared to a path across the coastal plain, the distribution of peat in basins and deep river valleys may have presented problems.
JOURNAL OF CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Richard Tipping, Gordon Cook, Derek Hamilton, John G. Harrison, Jason Jordan, Danny Paterson, David E. Smith
Summary: Bannockburn is of great importance in the Medieval histories of England and Scotland. This paper reconstructs the landscape and land use of the battle site using new data on environmental analysis and landform dating. The first part of the paper focuses on the coastal plain in the early 14th century, challenging previous interpretations and suggesting a new understanding of the battle's setting.
JOURNAL OF CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Brian G. Tripney, Andrew Tait
Summary: SUERC has implemented remote control of routine and experimental NEC spectrometer operations, allowing each spectrometer to communicate remotely with the database and execute parts of the AccelNET suite. This setup enables access to instrument control pages, changes to the run list, data evaluation mid-run, and flexible access options. These changes have had a positive impact on operators and the delivery of sample data.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Stewart P. H. T. Freeman, Elaine Dunbar, Brian G. Tripney, Philippa L. Ascough, Derek Fabel, Pauline Gulliver, Cameron McIntyre, Philip Naysmith, Richard P. Shanks, Sheng Xu
Summary: The Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) has analyzed over 100,000 individual graphite preparations with two accelerator mass spectrometers. The analysis quality is maintained through secondary standards measurement and annual assessment, providing insights into subtle effects. The recent 2021 findings are consistent with prior years', and individual sample radiocarbon measurement remains accurate and precise.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Peter Marshall, Richard Brunning, Stephen Minnitt, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Paula J. Reimer
Article
Archaeology
David Roberts, Alistair Barclay, Barry Bishop, Christopher Bronk-Ramsey, Greg Campbell, Matthew Canti, Judith Dobie, Elaine Dunbar, Julie Dunne, Richard P. Evershed, Alice Forward, Jonathan Last, Sophie Lamb, Neil Linford, Paul Linford, Bethan Linscott, Richard Madgwick, Peter Marshall, Simon Mays, Hayley McParland, Andrew Payne, Ruth Pelling, Alistair Pike, Kathryn Price, Patrick Quinn, Anita Radini, Paula Reimer, Michael Russell, Rachael Seager Smith, Sharon Soutar, Camilla Speller, John Vallender, Andrew Valdez-Tullett, Vivian Van Heekeren, Fay Worley
ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Archaeology
Fay Worley, Richard Madgwick, Ruth Pelling, Peter Marshall, Jane A. Evans, Angela L. Lamb, Ines L. Lopez-Doriga, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Elaine Dunbar, Paula Reimer, John Vallender, David Roberts
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2019)