Article
Psychology, Clinical
Severin Hennemann, Clare Killikelly, Philip Hyland, Andreas Maercker, Michael Witthoeft
Summary: High levels of somatic symptom distress can be observed in a substantial proportion of bereaved individuals across cultures. Our findings suggest that PGD is related to somatic symptom distress partly and indirectly through facets of negative affect.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marie Lundorff, Maja Johannsen, Maja O'Connor
Summary: The study showed that the prevalence of single-point PGD was significantly higher than dual-point PGD. Early probable grief caseness emerged as the strongest predictor for later PGD.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Mark Shevlin, Enya Redican, Philip Hyland, Jamie Murphy, Thanos Karatzias, Orla McBride, Kate Bennett, Sarah Butter, Todd K. Hartman, Frederique Vallieres, Richard P. Bentall
Summary: This study assessed the levels of ICD-11 PGD symptoms among the UK adult general population and identified potential correlates. It found that a small percentage of participants met the clinical criteria for PGD. Income, time since bereavement, death of a child, religiosity, and depression were found to be associated with PGD.
SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maja O'Connor, Maria Louison Vang, Mark Shevlin, Ask Elklit, Katrine B. Komischke-Konnerup, Marie Lundorff, Richard Bryant
Summary: This study developed a self-report scale, the Aarhus PGD scale (A-PGDs), to evaluate the validity of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in operationalizing ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. The results showed that PGD has two factors, core-symptoms and associated-symptoms, and identified a relationship between associated-symptoms and functional impairment.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Maarten C. Eisma
Summary: Prolonged grief disorder has been added to the latest international disease classification and diagnostic manual, but its development has not been linear, with uncertainties and measurement problems. The distinction between prolonged grief disorder and normal grief also poses challenges. Concerns exist about the societal impact of including prolonged grief disorder, such as medicalization, pharmacotherapy, and stigma. A more objective and balanced view on the history, validity, and societal impact of prolonged grief disorder is recommended, along with stringent validation, convergence of criteria-sets, and strategies to mitigate negative effects.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Maarten C. Eisma, Antje Janshen, Lonneke I. M. Lenferink
Summary: This study examined the content overlap between different diagnostic criteria for prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and previous proposals for pathological grief diagnoses. The findings suggest that there is moderate content overlap between PGD (ICD-11) and PGD (DSM-5-TR), as well as with prior proposed diagnoses for pathological grief. However, there are also differences between the two versions of PGD and their predecessors, which may affect the generalizability of research findings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Julia Haneveld, Rita Rosner, Anna Vogel, Anette Kersting, Winfried Rief, Regina Steil, Hannah Comtesse
Summary: This study investigated the concordance between the diagnostic criteria for prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in DSM-5-TR and ICD-11. The results showed significant differences in diagnostic rates, mainly due to the time criterion and the presentation of core symptoms. With the potential increase in PGD prevalence rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, practitioners should be cautious about the diagnostic rule used and consider a stepped-care approach if there is uncertainty about the presence of full-blown PGD.
JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Geoffrey M. Reed, Michael B. First, Joel Billieux, Marylene Cloitre, Peer Briken, Sophia Achab, Chris R. Brewin, Daniel L. King, Shane W. Kraus, Richard A. Bryant
Summary: One of the important changes in the ICD-11 is the addition of 21 new mental disorders to improve morbidity statistics, facilitate recognition of poorly classified disorders, and stimulate research into effective treatments. This paper focuses on four specific disorders and examines their importance, implications of not having a diagnostic category, controversies, and evidence generated since their inclusion in the ICD-11. These categories have led to increased research and availability of services, supporting their validity and utility.
Review
Psychiatry
Olatunde O. Ayinde, Oye Gureje
Summary: Recent studies have shown support for the applicability of DSM-5 and ICD-11 in classifying personality disorders, with qualitative research exploring the perspectives of users and clinicians. The dimensional system of ICD-11 is slightly more useful than the categorical system of ICD-10. Further research is needed to confirm these observations.
CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kazuaki Abe, Ieva Daniunaite, Inga Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene, Kazumi Sugimura, Paulina Zelviene, Shogo Hihara, Yuka Kamite, Evaldas Kazlauskas
Summary: This study examined the prevalence of adjustment disorder (AjD) and its risk factors in Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents. The results showed that gender, socioeconomic status, cumulative stressors, resilience, loneliness, and perceived positive social support were significantly associated with the risk of AjD in adolescents.
Article
Psychiatry
Kirsten V. Smith, Jennifer Wild, Anke Ehlers
Summary: This study examined the impact of memory characteristics on symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and found that loss-related memory characteristics predicted future symptoms. The study also highlighted the strong association between memory characteristics and symptoms during the first 6 months of follow-up.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Clare Killikelly, Anna Hasenohrl, Eva-Maria Stelzer, Andreas Maercker
Summary: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new mental health disorder introduced in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the applicability of diagnostic core features in different cultural contexts is still uncertain and there remains debate about the global applicability of these guidelines. Interviews with Japanese health professionals revealed possible symptoms of grief missing in the ICD-11 guidelines as well as sociocultural barriers that may challenge acceptance of the new criteria.
CULTURE MEDICINE AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Kim Glickman
Summary: This study aimed to explore the rate of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and associated factors in a diverse sample of college students. The results showed that PGD was associated with race, history of anxiety or depression, trauma, insecure attachment style, kinship to the deceased, closeness to the deceased, cause of death, and sudden/unexpected death. Most students sought grief support from friends or family members.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Clare Killikelly, Michael Ramp, Andreas Maercker
Summary: The study identified culturally relevant symptoms of grief in Syrian refugees, such as emotional outburst and weariness. Refugee experiences including loss of homeland, lack of social network, and ambiguous loss emerged as potential predictors of grief severity. Barriers to the acceptance of the PGD diagnosis, including stigma, were also revealed at the cultural and societal level.
MENTAL HEALTH RELIGION & CULTURE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pamela J. Surkan, Henri M. Garrison-Desany, Damodar Rimal, Nagendra P. Luitel, Yoona Kim, Holly G. Prigerson, Sumeera Shrestha, Wietse Tol, Sarah M. Murray
Summary: The study confirmed the validity of the Nepali language version of the PG-13 scale among widows, with participants averaging 44 years old. Thirteen percent met global criteria for PGD. Results indicated satisfactory psychometric properties and validity of both versions of the PG instruments.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Clare Killikelly, Anna Hasenohrl, Eva-Maria Stelzer, Andreas Maercker
Summary: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new mental health disorder introduced in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the applicability of diagnostic core features in different cultural contexts is still uncertain and there remains debate about the global applicability of these guidelines. Interviews with Japanese health professionals revealed possible symptoms of grief missing in the ICD-11 guidelines as well as sociocultural barriers that may challenge acceptance of the new criteria.
CULTURE MEDICINE AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tania Bermudez, Andreas Maercker, Walter Bierbauer, Artur Bernardo, Ruth Fleisch-Silvestri, Matthias Hermann, Jean-Paul Schmid, Urte Scholz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the associations between adjustment disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms with physical activity and sedentary behavior in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. The results showed that adjustment disorder and depression symptoms were negatively associated with physical activity, while anxiety symptoms were positively associated with light physical activity. Therefore, it is important to screen for and treat these psychological symptoms during cardiac rehabilitation.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Social
Christa McCutchen, Philip Hyland, Andreas Maercker, Myriam Thoma, Shauna L. Rohner
Summary: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of perceived social support on the relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression/anxiety, as well as complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms in older adults. The results indicate significant predictive relationships between ACEs and mental health outcomes, with perceived social support having a significant moderating effect. These findings highlight the need to address ACEs and implement measures to increase perceived social support in Ireland.
JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
C. Killikelly, A. Kagialis, S. Henneman, H. Coronado, D. Demanarig, H. Farahani, A. A. Ozdogru, B. Yalcin, A. Yockey, C. L. Gosnell, F. Jia, M. Maisel, E. Stelzer, D. Wilson, J. Anderson, K. Charles, J. P. Cummings, C. Faas, B. Knapp, B. Koneczny, C. Koch, L. M. Bauer, C. Cuccolo, J. E. Edlund, G. F. Heermans, S. McGillivray, C. Shane-Simpson, A. Staples, Z. Zheng, M. S. Zlokovich, M. S. Irgens
Summary: This study assessed the validity and reliability of the new criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in a large international sample. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the 33-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS) across different regions and revealed variations in probable caseness for PGD. The findings highlight the global applicability of the new PGD definition and emphasize the importance of culturally sensitive assessment. Overall, the study scored 9 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Celestin Mutuyimana, Andreas Maercker
Summary: The purpose of this systematic review was to present the current state of research on historical trauma and related topics, such as intergenerational trauma and collective trauma. The review aimed to identify gaps in the literature and the need for further research. The search yielded 52 studies, which highlighted the potential for new research in the field of Global Mental Health. However, there were identified gaps in the literature regarding the standard features of historical trauma and its assessment in additional contexts.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Linguistics
Sandra Rossi, Andreas Maercker, Eva Heim
Summary: A scoping review was conducted to explore the metaphors and related expressions older adults use to describe extremely stressful events that may lead to PTSD, CPTSD, PGD, or AjD. Multiple linguistic expressions to describe these events and symptoms were identified, with metaphors often focusing on the body and moving on with life.
METAPHOR AND SYMBOL
(2023)
Correction
Clinical Neurology
C. Killikelly, A. Kagialis, S. Henneman, H. Coronado, D. Demanarig, H. Farahani, A. A. Ozdogru, B. Yalcin, A. Yockey, C. L. Gosnell, F. Jia, M. Maisel, E. Stelzer, D. Wilsone, J. Andersonm, K. Charles, J. P. Cummings, C. Faas, B. Knapp, B. Koneczny, C. Koch, L. M. Bauer, C. Cuccolo, J. E. Edlund, G. F. Heermanss, S. McGillivray, C. Shane-Simpson, A. Staples, Z. Zheng, M. S. Zlokovich, M. S. Irgens
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Simon Forstmeier, Sarah Zimmermann, Elisheva van der Hal, Martin Auerbach, Kristian Kleinke, Andreas Maercker, Danny Brom
Summary: Despite a lack of randomized controlled trials on psychotherapy for aging Holocaust survivors, this research aimed to compare the efficacy of Life Review Therapy for Holocaust survivors (LRT-HS) with a supportive control group. The findings showed that LRT-HS did not demonstrate significant superiority for PTSD symptoms at posttreatment, but did show effectiveness with large effect sizes at follow-up. LRT-HS was found to be superior for depression at posttreatment, but not at follow-up, with moderate effect sizes. These findings suggest that age-appropriate treatments, such as structured life review and narrative exposure, can effectively address PTSD and depression in older adults who have experienced multiple childhood traumas.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
David J. Eberle, Andreas Maercker
Summary: The ICD-11 includes a new group of stress-associated disorders which are interlinked by symptoms like intrusive memory. Although there is increasing research interest in these diagnoses, no studies have explored the distribution of stress-associated symptoms in these disorders. In this study, 447 individuals completed online questionnaires measuring stress-associated symptoms such as flashbacks and preoccupation. The findings showed that the measured psychopathological constructs were moderately correlated with each other, and a complex variation of stress-associated symptoms was observed in specific diagnostic groups, with preoccupation being a predominant symptom in all disorders.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ningning Zhou, Yiming Zhao, Kirsten V. V. Smith, Clare Killikelly, Eva Stelzer, Andreas Maercker, Juzhe Xi, Peter J. J. Helm
Summary: This study validates the German and Chinese versions of the Existential Isolation Scale and explores the relationship between existential isolation and prolonged grief symptoms in German-speaking and Chinese bereaved individuals. The results show that the Existential Isolation Scale has good validity and reliability in both languages. Cultural background moderates the relationship between existential isolation and prolonged grief symptoms.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Family Studies
Shauna L. Rohner, Aileen Salas N. Castillo, Jessica Michel, Andreas Maercker, Alan Carr, Myriam V. Thoma
Summary: Childhood adversity, including abuse and neglect, is a common but underreported issue. This study examines disclosure in survivors by applying a socio-interpersonal perspective and explores the influence of culture and context. Interviews with 12 Irish survivors from intrafamilial adversity and 17 Irish survivors from institutional adversity were conducted. Findings show unsuccessful disclosure in childhood but increased disclosure in adulthood, with themes of shame, inaction, lack of support, and societal acknowledgement.
JOURNAL OF FAMILY TRAUMA CHILD CUSTODY & CHILD DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Geert E. Smid, Hannah Comtesse, Clare Killikelly, Birgit Wagner
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Ningning Zhou, Kirsten V. Smith, Eva Stelzer, Andreas Maercker, Juzhe Xi, Clare Killikelly
Summary: The present study examines the display behaviours and rules of bereaved individuals from a cross-cultural perspective. Results show that German-speaking Swiss bereaved individuals display more emotions than Chinese bereaved individuals. Chinese bereaved individuals believe that they should display more emotions when with close others, while German-speaking Swiss bereaved individuals do not hold this belief. Bereaved individuals exhibit a tendency for social disconnection by endorsing more emotional expressions when alone, particularly evident in the Chinese sample.
COGNITION & EMOTION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ningning Zhou, Yicheng Wei, Clare Killikelly, Xin Xu, Eva M. Stelzer, Andreas Maercker, Juzhe Xi, Kirsten V. Smith
Summary: Social acknowledgment is related to prolonged grief symptoms through beliefs about the goodness and controllability of grief-related emotions. These effects seem to be consistent cross-culturally.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Severin Hennemann, Clare Killikelly, Philip Hyland, Andreas Maercker, Michael Witthoeft
Summary: High levels of somatic symptom distress can be observed in a substantial proportion of bereaved individuals across cultures. Our findings suggest that PGD is related to somatic symptom distress partly and indirectly through facets of negative affect.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2023)