Article
Management
Samuel Ridler, Andrew J. Mason, Andrea Raith
Summary: This paper introduces JEMSS, a free and open-source software package for simulation and optimization of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). JEMSS incorporates integer programming optimization, heuristic local search, and simulation capabilities to evaluate and optimize EMS decision-making and strategies. The package includes flexible and customizable decision protocols for ambulance dispatch and dynamic redeployment. It runs simulations quickly, allowing for efficient evaluation of realistic city models. The software also includes visualization tools and has been validated against existing EMS simulation software.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Gaby Joe Hannoun, Monica Menendez
Summary: Advancements in vehicular and wireless communication technologies have shaped the future of transportation systems, but emergency medical services (EMS) still face issues with response delays. This research introduces a smart EMS system using modular vehicle technology to improve resource allocation and rescue efficiency. Results show that the system can respond quicker to emergencies, especially in large-scale disaster scenarios.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ahmed Ramdan M. Alanazy, John Fraser, Stuart Wark
Summary: This study examines the experiences of Saudi Arabian EMS personnel and finds disparities in availability, accessibility, and resources between rural and urban areas. The lack of local training and resources in rural areas, as well as issues with EMS staff demographics and public awareness, are identified as key concerns. The study recommends specialized training and ongoing education, supplementing EMS with external specialists, and implementing national public education programs.
HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Marcos Colla, Gilson Ditzel Santos, Gilson Adamczuk Oliveira, Renata Braga Berenguer de Vasconcelos
Summary: Research on ambulance response times for EMS calls has been conducted for decades, primarily in developed countries. However, there is limited scientific research on this topic in Brazil, a developing country, which mainly focuses on cities with a population of over one million. This highlights the need to extend research to small and medium-sized cities.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Emergency Medicine
Brandon Marshall, Erin McGlynn, Andrew King
Summary: The high costs associated with acute alcohol intoxication patients visiting emergency departments have attracted attention. Research suggests that sobering centers may be a cheaper and more effective alternative treatment option, but further studies are needed to investigate the connection and effectiveness between EMS and sobering centers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Eli Jaffe, Roman Sonkin, Refael Strugo, Erik Zerath
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, EMS experienced changes in call volume for different categories. Analyzing the consistency between symptoms and confirmed cases curve shape, as well as changes in types of phone calls, helps to better prepare for epidemic periods.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ran Liu, Weiliang Liu, Yuxin Liu, Ershun Pan, Xiaolei Xie
Summary: The paper addresses the issue of ambulance offload delays in emergency healthcare services by analyzing and optimizing the emergency medical services network. By developing resource configuration and optimization models, the study aims to reduce delays and congestion in emergency departments. The research also identifies reasons for overcapacity in EDs and ambulance offload delays and proposes effective approaches to reconfigure resources for a new equilibrium.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hang A. Park, Sola Kim, Sang Ook Ha, Sangsoo Han, ChoungAh Lee
Summary: This study analyzed emergency medical service records of 219,763 patients in Gyeonggi Province to evaluate the effectiveness of designated emergency medical centers for critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention led to increased distances traveled by patients, but significantly reduced daily ambulance diversion rates and significantly lengthened prehospital times.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yang Zou, Ling Jia, Saijuan Chen, Xinyi Deng, Zhiyi Chen, Ying He, Qiuting Wang, Dianguo Xing, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to explore the accessibility of ambulance services and complete emergency medical services (EMS) in Chongqing, China and its regional differences. The results showed that while the accessibility of ambulances in Chongqing was relatively high, the accessibility of monitoring ambulance was relatively low. There were significant regional and urban-rural differences in the accessibility of complete EMS. Recommendations to improve spatial accessibility of EMS include increasing financial investment, enhancing EMS resources, strengthening road construction, and providing reasonable planning of rural settlements.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Caleb Hanson Gage, Charnelle Stander, Liz Gwyther, Willem Stassen
Summary: This study aimed to map the existing literature on emergency medical services (EMS) and palliative care by answering the question of what literature exists in this field. Through literature review and analysis, it was found that EMS have a role in out-of-hospital palliative care, but there are also many challenges that need to be addressed. Recommendations and solutions have been proposed to overcome these challenges.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Burak Bekgoz, Ebru Erek Kazan, Ahmet Fatih Kahraman, Ishak San
Summary: This study evaluates the change in the number of EMS cases during the lockdown period, non-lockdown period, and pre-pandemic period. The results show that the number of EMS cases decreased during the pandemic, especially during the lockdown. However, the number of calls increased significantly during the lockdown period, resulting in longer response times and talk times.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Chantal Tan, Clementien Vermont, Joany Zachariasse, Ulrich von Both, Irini Eleftheriou, Marieke Emonts, Michiel van der Flier, Jethro Herberg, Benno Kohlmaier, Michael Levin, Emma Lim, Ian Maconochie, Federico Martinon-Torres, Ruud Nijman, Marko Pokorn, Irene Rivero-Calle, Maria Tsolia, Werner Zenz, Dace Zavadska, Henriette A. Moll, Enitan Carrol
Summary: This study found that there is a high percentage of discordant emergency medical services (EMS) use in febrile children attending European emergency departments (EDs). Although some of these children had markers of urgency, 29% of them were still transferred by EMS unnecessarily. Future research is needed to investigate non-medical factors influencing discordant EMS use in febrile children across Europe, in order to implement preventive strategies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Taiyi Zhao, Yuchun Tang, Qiming Li, Jingquan Wang
Summary: Emergency medical services (EMSs) are crucial in ensuring timely and effective medical treatment during disasters, but the functionality of damaged transportation systems can hinder their operations. This study integrates two network reconfiguration strategies to maximize community disaster resilience. A bilevel resilience-based optimization model is developed to adaptively select implementation locations for these strategies, while the effectiveness is evaluated using a traffic assignment model. Numerical results from the case of a destructive earthquake in Tangshan city, China, show that the optimized plan can achieve a maximum normalized value of 0.76 for community disaster resilience. Parameter sensitivity analysis reveals that the effectiveness of the reconfiguration strategies is highest when the penetration of an advanced traveler information system is 50% or greater.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ole Erik Ulvin, Eivinn ardal Skjaerseth, Andreas J. Kruger, Kjetil Thorsen, Trond Nordseth, Helge Haugland
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of introducing video calls in the emergency medical communication centres on the precision of helicopter emergency medical services dispatch.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Deborah R. Maiese, Megan Lyon, Honey V. Reddi, Miriam G. Blitzer, Joann N. Bodurtha, Maximilian Muenke
Summary: This report presents the results of a 2019 workforce survey of US laboratory geneticists, indicating that the majority of laboratory geneticists are females, holding PhD degrees, and working in academic medical centers or commercial laboratories. The survey also reveals that over half of the respondents are aged 53 or above, and a third of them plan to reduce hours or retire in the next 5 years. The authors emphasize the need to develop the next generation of laboratory geneticists to meet the growing complexity and demand for genetic testing.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Mark Terry, Jonathan Powell, W. Scott Gilmore, David P. Way, Andrew Dwyer, Farhan Bhanji, Ashish R. Panchal
Summary: This study used the modified Delphi technique to identify priorities for content and assessment of continued competency for EMS clinicians in the U.S., providing guidance for the development of national guidelines.
PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Christina Guerrier, Jennifer Brailsford, Shama Patel, Shannon Burcham, Ramzi G. Salloum, Christian Martin-Gill, Christopher T. Richards, Ashish R. Panchal, Jennifer Fishe
Summary: This study aimed to assess the baseline knowledge and practices of EMS leaders related to the implementation of evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) in prehospital settings. Through qualitative research using focus groups, EMS EBG authors, EMS medical directors, and EMS professional organization leaders were surveyed. The results showed that the process of implementation and the culture and learning/implementation climate of EMS agencies were the dominant themes related to EBG implementation.
PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Rebecca E. Cash, Christopher L. Bennett, Krislyn M. Boggs, Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, Monica Saxena, Melissa Pasao, Ali S. Raja, Carlos A. Camargo Jr
Summary: This study examines the gender differences in first authorship and characteristics in the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Annual Meeting abstracts and resulting manuscript publications. It found that a minority of abstracts and publications had female first authors, and abstracts with female first authors took longer to achieve manuscript publication. Moreover, a significant proportion of female first author abstracts resulted in male first author publications.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Gregory A. Peters, Rebecca E. Cash, Scott A. Goldberg, Alexander J. Ordoobadi, Carlos A. Camargo Jr
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the characteristics of EMS activations for asthma/COPD exacerbations in the US, including demographics, clinical features, and EMS response. A large nationwide sample from 2018 to 2019 was used, and the data showed that 5% of 9-1-1 activations were for asthma/COPD exacerbation. Most patients were adults, with a higher proportion of females in adult patients and males in pediatric patients. The majority of activations occurred in urban settings, and advanced life support units managed most cases. Inhaled bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroid therapy were commonly administered to patients.
ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Panke Qu, John P. Evans, Julia N. Faraone, Yi-Min Zheng, Claire Carlin, Mirela Anghelina, Patrick Stevens, Soledad Fernandez, Daniel Jones, Gerard Lozanski, Ashish Panchal, Linda J. Saif, Eugene M. Oltz, Kai Xu, Richard J. Gumina, Shan-Lu Liu
Summary: The emergence of new Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2, has shown enhanced neutralization resistance against sera from vaccinated healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients. The mutations N460K, K444T, and F486S play a significant role in driving the increased neutralization resistance of these subvariants. These findings provide insights into the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Jennifer Yee, Christopher San Miguel, Sorabh Khandelwal, David Way, Ashish Panchal
Summary: Emergency medicine programs are training residents to perform clinical procedures with known risks in a mastery-based educational framework. However, there is currently no established framework for graduating medical students to demonstrate procedural competency prior to residency. This study describes the creation and implementation of a competency-based procedural curriculum for first-year EM residents using simulation. The results show that all incoming residents demonstrated procedural competence on five different procedures using this framework.
WESTERN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Emergency Medicine
Krislyn M. Boggs, Rebecca E. Cash, Dorsey Glew, Piroz Bahar, Kohei Hasegawa, Ali S. Raja, Carlos A. Camargo Jr
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Christopher B. Mercer, Matthew T. Ball, Jonathan R. Powell, Robin E. Cushing, Robert M. Rossi, Hunter Black, Jordan D. Kurth, Ashish R. Panchal
Summary: This study evaluates the transition of U.S. Army Combat Medic Specialists (68W) to civilian emergency medical services (EMS), comparing their scope of practice to the 2019 EMS National Scope of Practice Model. The results show that the practice of 68Ws aligns well with the civilian EMS models, indicating minimal additional training required for transitioning to civilian AEMT.
PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Gregory A. Peters, Rebecca E. Cash, Scott A. Goldberg, Lily M. Kolb, Alexander J. Ordoobadi, Carlos A. Camargo
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of prehospital management of bronchospasm by emergency medical services (EMS) in the US. The findings revealed important gaps in the prehospital care of suspected bronchospasm, particularly in the administration of medication in basic life support and advanced life support units, as well as the treatment of pediatric patients.
PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Nicholas E. E. Kman, Alan Price, Vita Berezina-Blackburn, Jeremy Patterson, Kellen Maicher, David P. P. Way, Jillian McGrath, Ashish R. R. Panchal, Katherine Luu, Alex Oliszewski, Scott Swearingen, Douglas Danforth
Summary: In order to improve the performance of frontline responders and increase the chances of victim survival in mass casualty incidents, a high-fidelity, fully immersive, automated, programmable virtual reality (VR) simulator called the First Responder VR Simulator is introduced in this article. Trainees wear a wireless VR head-mounted display connected to a compatible desktop computer, allowing them to see and hear autonomous, interactive victims programmed to simulate injuries from an underground explosion. Equipped with a virtual medical kit, responders are tasked with triaging and treating the victims on the scene. The VR platform tracks and records their performance and provides feedback to participants. The First Responder system is intended to replace expensive conventional training methods and serve as a safe and efficient platform for research on current triage protocols.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS OPEN
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Jordan D. Kurth, Jonathan R. Powell, Christopher B. Gage, Alix Delamare Fauvel, Remle P. Crowe, Rebecca E. Cash, Ashish R. Panchal
Summary: This study estimated changes in the EMS workforce by evaluating the number of clinicians who enter, stay, and leave. The findings showed high rates of entry and retention among EMS clinicians in the 9 included states, but a certain proportion of individuals left during the study period. The study also revealed overall growth in the EMS workforce from 2017 to 2020.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS OPEN
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Scott A. Goldberg, Emma Chadwick, Supriya Makam, Hridaya J. Shah, Michelle B. Bass, Mohammad A. Hasdianda, Gregory Peters, Carlos A. Camargo Jr, Rebecca E. Cash
Summary: Since the publication of the National EMS Research Agenda in 2001, there has been an increase in EMS-specific research and NIH-funded grants. EMS-related publications have tripled and the number of funded EMS research grants has nearly quintupled in the United States over the past 20 years.
ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sarah M. Perman, Jason A. Bartos, Marina Del Rios, Michael W. Donnino, Karen G. Hirsch, Jacob C. Jentzer, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Michael C. Kurz, Carolina B. Maciel, Venu Menon, Ashish R. Panchal, Jon C. Rittenberger, Katherine M. Berg
Summary: Targeted temperature management has long been an important approach in post-cardiac arrest care. Recent trials have shown that there is no significant difference in outcomes between treatment at 33 degrees C and 36 degrees C. As a result, treatment recommendations have been modified.
Review
Immunology
Geneva D. Mehta, Joumane El Zein, Isis Felippe Baroni, Myrha Qadir, Carol Mita, Rebecca E. Cash, Carlos A. Camargo Jr
Summary: This study investigated whether epinephrine use for food-induced and other cause anaphylaxis in United States and Canadian emergency departments has changed over time. The results showed that there has been an increase in epinephrine treatment for food-induced anaphylaxis, but no clear change for anaphylaxis of any cause. Approximately 45% of emergency department patients with anaphylaxis received epinephrine in the last 10 years. A limitation of the study is the heterogeneity in anaphylaxis definitions.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Alix Delamare Fauvel, Lauren T. T. Southerland, Ashish R. R. Panchal, Carlos A. A. Camargo, Matthew L. L. Hansen, Henry E. E. Wang
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the demographics, course, and outcomes of adult emergency department (ED) patients with asthma in the United States receiving initial EMS care. It found that approximately 10% of asthma patients receive initial care by EMS, and these patients present with higher acuity, undergo more diagnostic testing in the ED, and are more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared to non-EMS asthma patients.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS OPEN
(2023)