Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kacper Nijakowski, Jakub Jankowski, Dawid Gruszczynski, Anna Surdacka
Summary: This systematic review found a relationship between eating disorders, particularly bulimia nervosa, and dental erosion. Individuals with bulimia nervosa were over 10 times more likely to experience tooth erosion, and self-induced vomiting increased the odds of tooth erosion by over 16 times.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael J. Butler, Alexis A. Perrini, Lisa A. Eckel
Summary: Alterations in the gut microbiome and immune system may play a role in maintaining and exacerbating eating behavior dysregulation in disorders like anorexia and bulimia, and could potentially serve as biomarkers for increased risk of developing these eating disorders. Research focuses on studying gut dysbiosis, peripheral inflammation, and neuroinflammation in each disorder, as well as exploring data from preclinical rodent models to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying eating disorders. This knowledge is crucial for developing novel and effective treatments for these often difficult-to-treat eating disorders.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claire E. Cusack, Irina A. Vanzhula, Cheri A. Levinson
Summary: This study used network analysis to examine the structure of symptoms and somatic concerns in individuals with eating disorders (EDs). The results showed that heightened sensitivity to somatic concerns played a central role in the symptom network and may contribute to the maintenance of ED symptoms. The findings have implications for the assessment and treatment of EDs.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Bente Sommerfeldt, Finn Skarderud, Ingela Lundin Kvalem, Kjersti S. Gulliksen, Arne Holte
Summary: Pregnancy is a vulnerable period for women with a history of eating disorders. Our study found that almost all participants experienced worsening or relapse of their disorder during pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Montserrat Monserrat Hernandez, Angeles Arjona Garrido, Juan Carlos Checa Olmos, Dario Salguero Garcia
Summary: Current research indicates an increased risk of eating disorders in runners, with a significant relationship observed between negative running addiction (NRA) and compulsive eating, anorexia nervosa (AN), and/or bulimia nervosa (BN). Many runners are at risk of eating disorders, particularly long-distance runners. Childhood experiences, such as obesity or a healthy weight, play a key role in increasing the risk of eating disorders.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Mario Miniati, Francesca Marzetti, Laura Palagini, Donatella Marazziti, Graziella Orru, Ciro Conversano, Angelo Gemignani
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate or trigger eating disorders, with changes in physical activity routines, food access limitations, restricted healthcare facilities, social isolation, and conflicts in relationships all contributing to worsening symptoms in predisposed individuals. These findings highlight the negative impact of COVID-19 on eating disorders and related quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana Myriam Lavin-Perez, Cristina Martin-Sanchez, Beatriz Martinez-Nunez, Luis Lucio Lobato-Rincon, Santos Villafaina, Israel Gonzalez-Garcia, Ana Mata-Cantero, Montserrat Graell, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, Daniel Collado-Mateo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog-assisted therapy on adolescents with eating disorders, with significant improvements expected based on the known benefits of animal-assisted therapies in different populations.
Article
Psychiatry
Tomisin Iwajomo, Susan J. Bondy, Claire de Oliveira, Patricia Colton, Kathryn Trottier, Paul Kurdyak
Summary: Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders in hospital settings have a five to seven times higher mortality rate compared to the overall population, with males experiencing higher mortality rates than females across all age groups.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michele Fornaro, Anna Maria Mondin, Martina Billeci, Andrea Fusco, Michele De Prisco, Claudio Caiazza, Fausta Micanti, Raffaella Calati, Andre Ferrer Carvalho, Andrea de Bartolomeis
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the weight and affective psychopathology outcomes of major eating disorders. The results showed that different drugs have varying efficacy in different eating disorders, suggesting the need for further research.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lisa Brelet, Valentin Flaudias, Michel Desert, Sebastien Guillaume, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Yves Boirie
Summary: Research on stigmatization in eating disorders has shown that individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder face stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination, which are influenced by demographic factors like age, gender, and income level. This stigma has negative effects on individuals' eating disorders, psychological wellbeing, and treatment-seeking behavior, highlighting the need for further research and prevention efforts.
Article
Psychiatry
Ruyue Zhang, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Stina Borg, Virpi Leppae, Laura M. Thornton, Andreas Birgegard, Cynthia M. Bulik, Sarah E. Bergen
Summary: The associations between eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia have been recognized, and familial liability to schizophrenia in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) reveals distinct patterns of clinical outcomes. This study investigates the influence of schizophrenia genetic liability among individuals with EDs, finding that higher schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) are significantly associated with increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance abuse disorder (SUD). Additionally, higher schizophrenia PRS is related to earlier age at first ED symptom, higher ED symptom scores, and increased risk of MDD and SUD.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Libera Siciliano, Giusy Olivito, Maria Leggio
Summary: This review examines the volumetric and functional changes in the cerebellum of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and proposes that the cerebellum plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of EDs, requiring further investigation.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Youl-Ri Kim, Zhen An, Kyung-Hee Kim, Da-Mee Kim, Bo-In Hwang, Mirihae Kim
Summary: This study found that overweight was associated with overeating, while underweight was associated with less frequent overeating and longer sleep duration. Individuals with anorexia nervosa consumed less alcohol, while those with bulimia nervosa had a larger discrepancy between ideal and current body shape. Both overweight status and bulimia nervosa were associated with more obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tehreem Mushtaq, Seemab Ashraf, Huma Hameed, Ali Irfan, Maria Shahid, Rabbia Kanwal, Muhammad Arslan Aslam, Hijab Shahid, Gamal A. Shazly, Mahtab Ahmad Khan, Yousef A. Bin Jardan
Summary: There is a high prevalence of eating disorders and social media addiction among youths, and they are related to each other. Youths who live separately, smoke, and have a family history of eating disorders are more likely to develop eating disorders. There is a weak positive correlation between social media addiction and eating disorders, particularly bulimia and food preoccupation.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Carlo Lai, Gaia Romana Pellicano, Sara Iuliano, Chiara Ciacchella, Daniela Sambucini, Alessandro Gennaro, Sergio Salvatore
Summary: The study found that the Pro-Ana group exhibited a greater tendency towards social sharing and social support compared to other groups, but they were less capable of providing realistic representations of their eating disorder.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Stephen Allison, Tarun Bastiampillai, Jeffrey C. L. Looi, Stephen R. Kisely, Vinay Lakra
Summary: We examine whether the recent WHO report on global mental health prioritizes severity of illness in resource allocation. The report recommends scaling-up interventions for broadly defined mental health conditions, neglecting the most severe illnesses like schizophrenia and underestimating the disability associated with bipolar disorder. This is inconsistent with the ethical principle of vertical equity, and the global mental health movement must refocus on deinstitutionalization and improving treatment for severe illnesses.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Matthew Brazel, Stephen Allison, Tarun Bastiampillai, Stephen R. Kisely, Jeffrey C. L. Looi
Summary: This study provides analysis and commentary on the expenditure, inpatient and ambulatory structure, and key performance indicators of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Australian states and territories. The results show that overall CAMHS expenditure increased at an average annual rate of 3.6% between 2015-16 and 2019-20. Per capita expenditure increased at a higher rate compared to other subspeciality services. CAMHS inpatient admissions had lower rates of significant improvement and higher 14-day readmission rates than other age groups. Adolescents aged 12-17 had high community CAMHS utilization, while CAMHS outpatient outcomes were similar across different age groups. The findings suggest the need for evidence-based modeling of CAMHS providers and outcomes to inform future service improvements.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Jeffrey C. L. Looi, Stephen Allison, Stephen R. Kisely, Tarun Bastiampillai
Summary: There are ongoing challenges in workforce sustainability and service delivery due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruiting credible clinical leaders can enhance outcomes through mentoring, leading by example, and creating positive work environments. Clinical and anthropological research provides strong grounds for investing in clinical leadership, as it can have culturally mediated effects on social learning, team cooperation and morale, and patient outcomes.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Stephen Allison, Jeffrey C. L. Looi, Steve Kisely, Tarun Bastiampillai
Summary: The recent evaluation of the Australian Medicare Better Access initiative found that deterioration in psychotherapies has led to worsening mental health conditions for 20-40% of patients. This may explain why the introduction of the Better Access initiative did not reduce population distress and suicide rates. Deterioration was more likely for milder conditions, while severe conditions improved the most. Using severity as a criterion for prioritizing resource allocation can minimize patient risk and maximize benefits. Patients with severe conditions may require significantly more sessions than the current average for Better Access psychotherapies.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Jeffrey C. L. Looi, Stephen R. Kisely, Tarun Bastiampillai, Stephen Allison
Summary: The Australian headspace model is seen as an important example for addressing the mental health treatment gap among young people worldwide. However, the conceptualization and delivery of headspace services in a predominantly Westernized society raise questions about its applicability to culturally diverse communities. The reported lack of access to headspace among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Australia further raises doubts about its generalizability outside of similar societies.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Stephen R. Kisely, Tarun Bastiampillai, Stephen Allison, Jeffrey C. L. Looi
Summary: The debate on the effectiveness of headspace and its services has been evaluated independently, and the findings indicate that headspace does not provide therapy for a sufficient duration to result in clinically significant improvement. Most evaluations have used short-term measures or satisfaction surveys without control, and the outcomes using standardized measures have shown disappointing results. The costs are poorly quantified and may be underestimated. Despite this, headspace as a primary care intervention costs twice as much as a mental health consultation by a general practitioner and may not be cost effective, depending on assumptions.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Sally Plever, Steve Kisely, Billie Bonevski, Irene McCarthy, Brett Emmerson, Emma Ballard, Melissa Anzolin, Dan Siskind, John Allan, Coral Gartner
Summary: This study evaluated the maintenance of improved delivery of smoking cessation assistance in adult acute psychiatry inpatient units three years after the statewide implementation of a system change intervention. The findings indicated that the percentage of discharges with recorded smoking status remained high, surpassing 90% on average.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Cherilyn Xue Wei Teoh, Millie Thng, Serene Lau, Meng-Wong Taing, Sarah Y. Y. Chaw, Dan Siskind, Steve Kisely
Summary: Poor oral health is a significant comorbidity in individuals with psychiatric illness, with psychotropic-induced dry mouth being a contributing risk factor. This systematic review found that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were associated with more severe dry mouth, while serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were generally associated with milder symptoms. However, there is a lack of research on antipsychotics and newer antidepressants.
Article
Psychiatry
Steve Kisely, Stuart Leske, Urska Arnautovska, Dan Siskind, Nicola Warren, Korinne Northwood, Shuichi Suetani, Jake Moses Najman
Summary: This study aims to compare the psychiatric outcomes in adulthood of agency- and self-reported child maltreatment using state-wide administrative health data and prospective birth cohort data. The results will provide evidence-based understanding of the long-term health and behavioral consequences of child maltreatment and identify differences between agency and self-reported abuse.
Review
Psychiatry
Steve Kisely, Laura McMahon, Dan Siskind
Summary: There are significant differences in the possible predictors and outcomes of Community Treatment Order (CTO) placement between high- and low-use jurisdictions in Australia and New Zealand. Factors such as gender, marital status, employment status, and migrant background are associated with CTO placement. Jurisdictions with higher CTO rates have higher proportions of females and individuals with diagnoses other than non-affective psychoses, and they are less likely to show reductions in readmission rates or bed-days. These findings suggest that better-targeted CTO placement might improve outcomes.
Article
Psychiatry
Veronica De Monte, Angus Veitch, Frances Dark, Carla Meurk, Marianne Wyder, Maddison Wheeler, Kylie Carney, Stephen Parker, Steve Kisely, Dan Siskind
Summary: This study presents a new approach to identify recovery-oriented rehabilitation language in clinical documentation and evaluates an intervention to improve language used in a rehabilitation team. The results showed an increase in the percentage of sentences with recovery-oriented rehabilitation terms after the intervention. The study suggests that brief interventions can affect the language of clinical documentation and automated text-analysis may be a promising approach for evaluating recovery-oriented rehabilitation language in mental health services.
Article
Psychiatry
Nicola Warren, Stuart Leske, Urska Arnautovska, Korinne Northwood, Steve Kisely, Dan Siskind
Summary: The prevalence of frailty is higher in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) than in the general population. Frailty measures such as frailty index, physical frailty phenotype (PFP), and Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) can help identify those who may benefit from targeted interventions.
Article
Psychiatry
Dan Siskind, Andrea Baker, Anthony Russell, Nicola Warren, Gail Robinson, Stephen Parker, Sarah Medland, Steve Kisely, Tineka Hager, Urska Arnautovska
Summary: This is a 36-week trial to examine the efficacy of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on antipsychotic-induced obesity in individuals with schizophrenia. The study will recruit 80 clozapine-treated patients aged 18-64 and assess the percentage change in body weight as the primary endpoint.
Article
Psychiatry
Stephen R. Kisely
Summary: The debate on the interpretation of evidence from randomized control trials (RCTs) on psychodynamic psychotherapy in the College's Clinical Practice Guidelines has brought attention to the differences in opinion. This paper discusses new techniques, such as umbrella reviews, that can help minimize disagreements and foster consensus on treatment guidelines. The latest umbrella review findings suggest that psychodynamic therapy is an evidence-based approach for common mental disorders, among other treatments.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
James M. Ogilvie, Lisa Broidy, Carleen Thompson, Susan Dennison, Troy Allard, Aydan Kuluk, Belinda Crissman, Steve Kisely, Anna Stewart
Summary: This research aims to examine whether there are differences in mental health characteristics and service contacts across patterns of criminal legal system contact and whether these differences are consistent across gender and Indigenous status.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE-COURSE CRIMINOLOGY
(2023)
