Human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells exhibit characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells

BEAS-2B was originally established as an immortalized but non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line from human bronchial epithelium. Because of general recognition for its bronchial epithelial origin, the BEAS-2B cell line has been widely used as an in vitro cell model in a large variety of studies associated with respiratory diseases including lung carcinogenesis. However, very few studies have discussed non-epithelial features of BEAS-2B cells, especially the features associated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which represent a group of fibroblast-like cells with limited self-renewal and differentiation potential to various cell lineages. In this study, we compared BEAS-2B with a human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hMSCs) cell line, hMSC1, which served as a representative of hMSCs in terms of expressing common features of hMSCs. It was observed that both BEAS-2B and hMSC1 shared the same expression profile of surface markers of hMSCs and exhibited similar osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. In addition, like hMSC1, the BEAS-2B cell line exhibited suppressive activities on proliferation of mitogen-activated total T lymphocytes as well as Th1 lymphocytes, and IFN gamma-induced expression of IDO1, all thus demonstrating that BEAS-2B cells exhibited an almost identical characteristic profile with hMSCs, even though, there was a clear difference between BEAS-2B and hMSCs in the effects on type 2 macrophage polarization. Most importantly, the hMSCs features of BEAS-2B were unlikely a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, this study provided a set of evidence to provoke reconsideration of epithelial origin of BEAS-2B.