Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu. K. Tovbin
Summary: The relationship between the second law of thermodynamics and Gibbs' thermodynamics is discussed. The second law of thermodynamics formulates more generally than Gibbs' thermodynamics, which considers strictly equilibrium values of thermodynamic functions. Gibbs' approach generalizes statistical mechanical theory for equilibrium of thermodynamic variables, revealing some issues in dealing with the relaxation periods of systems.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Hugh N. Entwistle, Christopher J. Lustri, Georgy Yu. Sofronov
Summary: This article considers optimal stopping problems, where a sequence of independent random variables is drawn from a known continuous density. The expectation and variance of the optimal stopping time are derived asymptotically as the number of drawn variables becomes large. For distributions with infinite upper bound, the asymptotic behavior of these statistics depends on the algebraic power of the probability distribution decay rate in the upper limit. For densities with finite upper bound, the asymptotic behavior of these statistics depends on the algebraic form of the distribution near the finite upper bound. Explicit calculations are provided for several common probability density functions.
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Arieh Ben-Naim
Summary: Time never decreases, but irreversible processes can be reversed with extremely low probability; entropy and the Second Law are timeless.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Arya Datta, Patrick Pietzonka, Andre C. Barato
Summary: Macroscopic cyclic heat engines have been a major motivation for the emergence of thermodynamics. In recent years, cyclic heat engines that have large fluctuations and operate at finite time have been studied within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. This study examines the concept of cyclic active heat engines for systems with hidden dissipative degrees of freedom and introduces a general second law for active heat engines using a known inequality in stochastic thermodynamics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lloyd A. Demetrius, Christian Wolf
Summary: The article highlights the concepts of entropy in statistical mechanics and evolutionary dynamics, explaining their manifestations and connections in macroscopic bodies and populations of organisms. It also argues that the Directionality Principle for Evolution is a generalization of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
A. Posadas, J. Morales, J. M. Ibanez, A. Posadas-Garzon
Summary: Earthquakes are non-linear phenomena treated as chaotic natural processes. The use of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and entropy suggests that the relationship between increasing entropy and occurrence of large earthquakes reflects irreversible transitions in a seismic system. Studies in the Canterbury area of New Zealand show theoretical forecasts align with actual results, supporting the idea that earthquakes result in an increase in entropy.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David H. Wolpert
Summary: The second law of thermodynamics, which restricts the evolution of entropy, can be strengthened in multi-dimensional complex systems by introducing a set of constraints on the dynamics of each coordinate. This strengthened second law applies to physically separated and co-evolving subsystems, and does not require local detailed balance.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sushant Saryal, Bijay Kumar Agarwalla
Summary: In this study, precise statistics of heat and work for a class of working fluids in a quantum Otto engine driven quasistatically are provided, along with a universal expression relating the ratio of output work to input heat to the mean Otto efficiency. It is shown that for nonadiabatic driving of the engine with either a qubit or a harmonic oscillator as the working fluid, the relative fluctuation of output work is always greater than that of input heat, and the ratio between work and heat fluctuation has a lower bound in terms of the square of the average engine efficiency, which is saturated in the quasistatic limit.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Olga Movilla Miangolarra, Amirhossein Taghvaei, Rui Fu, Yongxin Chen, Tryphon T. Georgiou
Summary: The study investigates a basic model for a heat engine called the Brownian gyrator, exploring its coupling in an anisotropic temperature field to extract work. An isoperimetric inequality is derived to provide a universal bound on efficiency of cyclic operating protocols and a limit on how fast positive work can be extracted from a closed path.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Long-Qing Chen, Yuhong Zhao
Summary: The article focuses on the phase-field method as a density-based computational method for modeling and predicting temporal microstructure and property evolution during materials processes. It discusses the connections between phase-field equations and classical thermodynamics, as well as the relationships of continuum phase-field equations at different levels. Additionally, it examines the contributions of long-range interactions to domain structure evolution during phase transformations.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Si-Jiang Yang, Run Zhou, Shao-Wen Wei, Yu-Xiao Liu
Summary: This article investigates the kinetic process of phase transition for Kerr-AdS black holes and makes new findings, including the existence of a lower bound for the order parameter and the vanishing off shell Gibbs free energy. The evolution of the probability distribution of the phase transition reveals the time scale of the transition.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sangram Kumar Samal, Manoj Kumar Moharana
Summary: This study focuses on the numerical analysis of entropy generation in recharging and simple microchannels, revealing that increasing the number of small channels, channel aspect ratio, and substrate material thermal conductivity can reduce thermal entropy generation, while increasing substrate thickness, channel wall width, and applied heat flux can increase thermal entropy generation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
G. P. Johari
Summary: In accordance with the third law of thermodynamics, as pressure increases, the entropy of a perfect crystal gradually decreases towards zero, while the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy approach limiting values and the volume approaches a constant value. These changes are complementary to the third law and differ from the response to isobaric changes in temperature.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joe D. Goddard
Summary: This paper revisits the second law of thermodynamics by modifying the axiomatic foundation provided by Caratheodory in 1909. It proposes a new interpretation of thermodynamic entropy and establishes work principles for defining thermodynamic equilibrium and stability based on the convexity properties of internal energy, entropy, and related thermodynamic potentials. The most novel aspect is the extension to irreversible processes through a non-equilibrium entropy derived from recoverable work.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eirini Sourtzinou, Charis Anastopoulos
Summary: This paper investigates the thermodynamics of a small body near a black hole horizon using a first-principles analysis. The study focuses on a quantum ideal gas confined in a small box above the Schwarzschild horizon. The authors analyze the system in terms of free quantum fields and identify thermodynamic properties through the microcanonical distribution. They find that the effective dimension of the system changes as it approaches the horizon, and that the pressure is highly anisotropic. Additionally, they show that the approximation of quantum fields on a fixed background breaks down at microscopic distances from the horizon, requiring the inclusion of backreaction effects.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Fernando Lucas Metz, Izaak Neri, Tim Rogers
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2019)
Article
Mechanics
Izaak Neri, Edgar Roldan, Simone Pigolotti, Frank Juelicher
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Olivier Dauloudet, Izaak Neri, Jean-Charles Walter, Jerome Dorignac, Frederic Geniet, Andrea Parmeggiani
Summary: Translation is a key step in protein synthesis, where ribosomes translate nucleotide sequences encoded on mRNA into amino acid sequences. Research suggests that finite diffusion of ribosomes plays a crucial role in ribosome recycling, and mRNA circularization can enhance translation efficiency. Studies using a ribosome transport model with diffusion show that diffusion is not a limiting factor in translation initiation due to the rapid diffusion in biological cells.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Fernando Lucas Metz, Izaak Neri
Summary: The study presents a general theory for the statistics of right eigenvector components in directed random graphs. It shows that the localization transition critical mean degree is independent of degree fluctuations, and the distribution of right eigenvector components is solely determined by the degree distribution in the high connectivity limit.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giorgio Carugno, Izaak Neri, Pierpaolo Vivo
Summary: This theory model explores thermodynamic instabilities of complex fluids consisting of interacting chemical species organized in families, with family condensation, family demixing, and random demixing as three types of fluid instabilities. The critical spinodal density of these instabilities is determined, showing finite values for family condensation and family demixing, while increasing as the square root of the number of species for random demixing. The developed framework is used to describe phase-separation instability of the cytoplasm induced by a change in pH.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Izaak Neri
Summary: This study focuses on estimating the mean entropy production rate in a nonequilibrium process by measuring the first-passage quantities associated with a single current. The research shows that first-passage ratios can accurately estimate the rate of dissipation, even in the presence of nonMarkovian statistics.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Izaak Neri
Summary: We have derived universal thermodynamic inequalities that restrict the moments of first-passage times of stochastic currents in non-equilibrium stationary states of Markov jump processes. These inequalities describe a tradeoff between speed, uncertainty, and dissipation in non-equilibrium processes.
Article
Statistics & Probability
M. Doerpinghaus, I. Neri, E. Roldan, F. Juelicher
Summary: This passage discusses whether an information theoretic interpretation can be given to optimal algorithms in sequential hypothesis testing. The authors prove that for a binary sequential probability ratio test of a continuous observation process, the mutual information between the observation process up to the decision time and the actual hypothesis conditioned on the decision variable is equal to zero. This result suggests that the sequential probability ratio test optimally utilizes the available hypothesis information in the observations. As a consequence, the mutual information between the random decision time of the sequential probability ratio test and the actual hypothesis conditioned on the decision variable is also equal to zero.
THEORY OF PROBABILITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Izaak Neri, Matteo Polettini
Summary: Using martingale theory, we show that the infima of integrated edge currents in time-homogeneous Markov jump processes are geometrically distributed, with a mean value determined by the effective affinity measured by a marginal observer that only sees the integrated edge current. Moreover, a marginal observer can estimate a fraction of the average entropy production rate from the extreme value statistics in the integrated edge current, and the estimated average rate of dissipation equals the effective affinity times the average edge current. Additionally, estimates of dissipation based on extreme value statistics can be more accurate than those based on thermodynamic uncertainty ratios and a naive estimator that neglects nonMarkovian correlations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Samuel Cure, Izaak Neri
Summary: We analyze the stability of large, linear dynamical systems with inhomogeneous growth rates that interact through a fully connected random matrix. Our findings show that in the absence of correlations between the coupling strengths, systems with interactions are always less stable than systems without interactions. However, interactions that are antagonistic, characterized by negative correlations, can stabilize linear dynamical systems. Particularly, when the strength of the interactions is not too strong, systems with antagonistic interactions are more stable than systems without interactions. These results are obtained using an exact theory for the spectral properties of fully connected random matrices with diagonal disorder.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Andrea Marcello Mambuca, Chiara Cammarota, Izaak Neri
Summary: This study analyzes the stability of linear dynamical systems defined on sparse, random graphs. The results reveal that the nature of local interactions has a strong influence on system stability. Interestingly, antagonistic systems that only contain predator-prey interactions can be stable under certain conditions and exhibit peculiar oscillatory behavior under specific mean degree. Additionally, a dynamical phase transition and critical mean degree are found in antagonistic systems.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Izaak Neri, Fernando Lucas Metz
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wojciech Tarnowski, Izaak Neri, Pierpaolo Vivo
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shilpi Singh, Edgar Roldan, Izaak Neri, Ivan M. Khaymovich, Dmitry S. Golubev, Ville F. Maisi, Joonas T. Peltonen, Frank Juelicher, Jukka P. Pekola
