Journal
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
Volume 45, Issue 3, Pages 541-550Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02968-6
Keywords
Astrocyte heterogeneity; Group I; II metabotropic glutamate receptors; Multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Funding
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG 4257B4/1] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007148] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS036647, R56 NS036647] Funding Source: Medline
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Astrocytes are well known to play critical roles in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, recent reports indicate that these cells are heterogeneous with respect to the molecules they express and the functions they exhibit in the quiescent or activated state. Because astrocytes also contribute to pathology, promising new results raise the possibility of manipulating specific astroglial populations for therapeutic roles. In this mini-review, we highlight the function of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), in particular mGluR3 and mGluR5, in reactive astrocytes and relate these to three degenerative CNS diseases: multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Previous studies demonstrate that effects of these receptors may be beneficial, but this varies depending on the subtype of receptor, the state of the astrocytes, and the specific disease to which they are exposed. Elucidating the role of mGluRs on astrocytes at specific times during development and disease will provide novel insights in understanding how to best use these to serve as therapeutic targets.
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