Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeonggeun Song, Juehyung Kang, Ungyo Kang, Hyeong Soo Nam, Hyun Jung Kim, Ryeong Hyeon Kim, Jin Won Kim, Hongki Yoo
Summary: Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a biomedical imaging method with a strong ability for deep penetration and optical sectioning. In this study, we used a pulse picker to increase the pulse peak power of the excitation source, leading to higher emission of two-photon fluorescence. By applying a time gating detection method, we were able to significantly reduce the background noise of the images.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Tomohiro Ishikawa, Keisuke Isobe, Kenta Inazawa, Kana Namiki, Atsushi Miyawaki, Fumihiko Kannari, Katsumi Midorikawa
Summary: In this study, adaptive optics (AO) correction was demonstrated in a thick sample to address wavefront distortion in temporal focusing microscopy (TFM). The use of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) assisted AO correction successfully reduced the change in pulse duration in the signal detection volume, which was challenging to correct with traditional TFM AO correction.
Article
Optics
Ruihong Dai, Nan Zhang, Yafei Meng, Zhenqiao Zhou, Fengqiu Wang
Summary: A compact and high-energy femtosecond fiber laser system based on CPA and SHG technology has been demonstrated, capable of generating high-energy, short-pulse laser with tunable wavelength. The system ensures pulse width of about 100 fs and sufficient pulse energy over the entire tuning range, performing well in a two-photon microscope.
Article
Acoustics
Kaiyue Wang, Chiye Li, Ruimin Chen, Junhui Shi
Summary: Photoacoustic microscopy has made remarkable progress in biomedicine in the past decade, offering rich contrast and deep penetration advantages. High-speed PAM technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years, including the development of high-repetition-rate multi-wavelength lasers, fast scanning techniques, and novel PA signal acquisition strategies.
Article
Physics, Applied
Kevin Keomanee-Dizon, Matt Jones, Peter Luu, Scott E. Fraser, Thai V. Truong
Summary: ExD-SPIM is an improved light-sheet microscopy strategy that solves the limitation of capturing fluorescence signals in large volumes by extending the depth of field (DOF) of high-NA detection objectives to match the thickness of the illumination light sheet. Compared to conventional light sheet imaging, ExD-SPIM improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces the rate of photobleaching. In whole-brain activity imaging, ExD-SPIM enhances signal sensitivity and volumetric coverage.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Christopher T. Evans, Sara J. Baldock, John G. Hardy, Oliver Payton, Loren Picco, Michael J. Allen
Summary: Proper immobilisation of microorganisms and single cells is crucial for high-resolution imaging and mechanical property studies with AFM. Utilising high-resolution three-dimensional printing technique of multiphoton polymerisation to rapidly generate custom arrays for cellular AFM analysis can be effective in achieving this goal.
Article
Physics, Applied
S. Foylan, W. B. Amos, J. Dempster, L. Kolln, C. G. Hansen, M. Shaw, G. McConnell
Summary: Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) illumination utilizes an evanescent field to excite fluorophores close to a sample substrate, bypassing the axial diffraction limit of light. However, the standard TIRF imaging requires a high numerical aperture (NA), which limits the field of view. We have developed a prism-based TIRF illuminator for the Mesolens, which has a significantly larger field of view and higher optical throughput compared to traditional TIRF objectives.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Renzo P. Zanocco, Roger Bresoli-Obach, Francisco Najera, Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa, Antonio L. Zanocco, Else Lemp, Santi Nonell
Summary: An off-on fluorescent nanoprobe has been developed for near-infrared multiphoton imaging of singlet oxygen. This nanoprobe consists of a naphthoxazole fluorescent unit and a singlet-oxygen-sensitive furan derivative attached to the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. It exhibits enhanced fluorescence upon reaction with singlet oxygen in solution under both one- and multiphoton excitation, with enhancements up to 180-fold. The nanoprobe can be easily internalized by macrophage cells and is capable of imaging intracellular singlet oxygen under multiphoton excitation.
Review
Physics, Applied
Shih-Huan Huang, Ninik Irawati, Yu-Feng Chien, Jyun-Yi Lin, Yu-Hsuan Tsai, Po-Yuan Wang, Li-An Chu, Meng-Lin Li, Ann-Shyn Chiang, Kevin K. Tsia, Shi-Wei Chu
Summary: Understanding how the brain functions is a grand challenge in modern scientific research. Optical imaging technology offers appealing combinations for probing the functional connectome in animal brains, with high spatiotemporal resolution, deep brain penetration, and molecular contrast. This review focuses on recent technological advances in optical volumetric imaging, providing guidance for physicists and biologists to choose the best-suited techniques for specific applications and stimulate further technical developments in brain research.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Peter J. Christopher, Andrew Kadis, George S. D. Gordon, Timothy D. Wilkinson
Summary: The rise of virtual and augmented reality has sparked interest in 2D and 3D computer-generated holography fields, which historically faced obstacles due to high numerical processing requirements. HoloGen is introduced as an open-source framework that unites existing hologram generation algorithms, offering top performance and user-friendly features. The software provides a graphical user interface driven by C# and Windows Presentation Framework, along with runtime performance preservation through C++ templates based on the Standard Template Library.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jie Man, Honghui Dong, Limin Jia, Yong Qin, Jun Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a new bogie fault diagnosis method based on the directional graph of train bogie: RS-GAT model. Using the Residual-Squeeze Network (RS-Net) and Graph Attention Network (GAT), the model achieves better effectiveness in identifying bogie faults with a diagnosis accuracy near 96%.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gard Lyng Rodal, Dimosthenis Peftitsis
Summary: This article presents a novel current-source gate driver for SiC MOSFETS with adaptive functionalities. The proposed driver aims to decouple and improve controllability of di/dt, dv/dt, as well as decrease turn-ON and turn-OFF delay times compared to conventional gate drivers. The performance of the proposed driver is validated experimentally, showing significant reduction in delay times and improved controllability.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Honghui Dong, Fuzhao Chen, Zhipeng Wang, Limin Jia, Yong Qin, Jie Man
Summary: This article proposes an intelligent diagnosis method based on long short-term memory network for fault diagnosis of traction converters using multisensor signals. Experiments show that the method has the highest sensitivity to different signals, accurately identifies crucial fault modes, and demonstrates high reliability in multifault identification.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Hamersky, Khushi Tekale, L. Matthew Winfree, Mathew J. M. Rowan, Lindsey Seldin
Summary: Understanding cell behaviors is crucial for disease intervention, and optimizing imaging methods is necessary for observing cell dynamics. This study presents a customized microscope stage insert for inverted confocal microscopes, facilitating intravital imaging in intact animals.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Blayze Millward, Steve Maddock, Michael Mangan
Summary: Understanding the functioning of compound eyes is important for biologists and engineers to develop artificial sensory systems and understand visually complex behaviors in nature. Previous research on compound eye models has focused on features like field of view and resolution, overlooking the role of shape and overall structure. This study introduces a new open-source software, CompoundRay, that accurately renders the visual perspective of bees and enables investigation of research questions using modern methods like machine learning.
Biographical-Item
Chemistry, Physical
Warren Zipfel, Chris Xu, Elliot Elson, Sudipta Maiti
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bin Sun, Mengran Wang, Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen, Chris Xu, Adam M. Packer, Francis G. Szele
Summary: We demonstrate, for the first time, three-photon microscopy imaging of the SVZ in live mice. This strategy could be useful for intravital visualization of cell dynamics, molecular, and pathological perturbation and regenerative events.
Article
Immunology
Kibaek Choe, Yusaku Hontani, Tianyu Wang, Eric Hebert, Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Kristine Lai, Ankur Singh, Wendy Beguelin, Ari M. Melnick, Chris Xu
Summary: Intravital three-photon microscopy allows for the visualization of immune cell behavior in mouse lymph nodes at depths of 600-900 μm. This technique enables measurement of migration ability in different depths and the observation of inflammation effects on T cell motility.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Najva Akbari, Mihailo R. Rebec, Fei Xia, Chris Xu
Summary: Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy uses long excitation wavelengths and nonlinear excitation to increase penetration depth and suppress out-of-focus fluorescence for deep in vivo imaging. However, the imaging depth is limited by tissue scattering and absorption. Three-photon fluorescence microscopy has been developed to overcome this limitation and achieve unprecedented deep in vivo imaging. Further technological development is needed to fully exploit the potential of three-photon microscopy.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aron T. Mok, Jamien Shea, Chunyan Wu, Fei Xia, Rose Tatarsky, Nilay Yapici, Chris Xu
Summary: We developed a simple and flexible setup to measure tissue ballistic and total transmission. The measurements were performed on biological samples ex vivo, and spatially resolved transmission maps were obtained to reveal transmission heterogeneity. The method can be applied to measure transmission of other samples and has valuable implications for multiphoton microscopy.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Max Jameson Aragon, Aaron T. Mok, Jamien Shea, Mengran Wang, Haein Kim, Nathan Barkdull, Chris Xu, Nilay Yapici
Summary: A multiphoton imaging method was developed to capture neural structure and activity in behaving flies through the intact cuticle, revealing high transmission at wavelengths >900nm. By compressing or removing air sacs, multiphoton imaging of the fly brain through the intact cuticle was achieved with superior results using 3-photon imaging in deeper regions. This through-cuticle imaging method extends the time limits of in vivo imaging in flies and offers new ways to study neural structure and activity in the fly brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusaku Hontani, Najva Akbari, Kristine E. Kolkman, Chunyan Wu, Fei Xia, Kibaek Choe, Grace Zhang Wang, Mariya Sokolova, Joseph R. Fetcho, Chris Xu
Summary: Multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as two-photon microscopy (2PM) and three-photon microscopy (3PM), are powerful tools for deep-tissue in vivo imaging with subcellular resolution. Three-photon microscopy has advantages over two-photon microscopy in terms of longer attenuation length and less background fluorescence generation. Commercial laser sources and microscopes are available for 3PM, making it readily accessible for biology research laboratories.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
David Sinefeld, Fei Xia, Mengran Wang, Tianyu Wang, Chunyan Wu, Xusan Yang, Hari P. Paudel, Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Thomas G. Bifano, Chris Xu
Summary: This study presents an AO system for 3PM in vivo mouse brain imaging, which achieves deeper imaging using a femtosecond source and MEMS SLM for phase correction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmed S. Abdelfattah, Sapna Ahuja, Taner Akkin, Srinivasa Rao Allu, Joshua Brake, David A. Boas, Erin M. Buckley, Robert E. Campbell, Anderson Chen, Xiaojun Cheng, Tomas Cizmar, Irene Costantini, Massimo De Vittorio, Anna Devor, Patrick R. Doran, Mirna El Khatib, Valentina Emiliani, Natalie Fomin-Thunemann, Yeshaiahu Fainman, Tomas Fernandez-Alfonso, Christopher G. L. Ferri, Ariel Gilad, Xue Han, Andrew Harris, Elizabeth M. C. Hillman, Ute Hochgeschwender, Matthew G. Holt, Na Ji, Kivilcim Kilic, Evelyn M. R. Lake, Lei Li, Tianqi Li, Philipp Machler, Evan W. Miller, Rickson C. Mesquita, K. M. Naga Srinivas Nadella, U. Valentin Nagerl, Yusuke Nasu, Axel Nimmerjahn, Petra Ondrackova, Francesco S. Pavone, Citlali Perez Campos, Darcy S. Peterka, Filippo Pisano, Ferruccio Pisanello, Francesca Puppo, Bernardo L. Sabatini, Sanaz Sadegh, Sava Sakadzic, Shy Shoham, Sanaya N. Shroff, R. Angus Silver, Ruth R. Sims, Spencer L. Smith, Vivek J. Srinivasan, Martin Thunemann, Lei Tian, Lin Tian, Thomas Troxler, Antoine Valera, Alipasha Vaziri, Sergei A. Vinogradov, Flavia Vitale, Lihong Wang, Hana Uhlirova, Chris Xu, Changhuei Yang, Mu-Han Yang, Gary Yellen, Ofer Yizhar, Yongxin Zhao
Summary: This article reviews a diverse toolkit of novel methods for exploring brain function that have emerged from the BRAIN Initiative and related large-scale efforts, with a focus on neurophotonic tools applicable to animal studies. It provides an outlook for future directions in the field.
Article
Optics
Sylvain Gigan, Ori Katz, Hilton B. de Aguiar, Esben Ravn Andresen, Alexandre Aubry, Jacopo Bertolotti, Emmanuel Bossy, Dorian Bouchet, Joshua Brake, Sophie Brasselet, Yaron Bromberg, Hui Cao, Thomas Chaigne, Zhongtao Cheng, Wonshik Choi, Tomas Cizmar, Meng Cui, Vincent R. Curtis, Hugo Defienne, Matthias Hofer, Ryoichi Horisaki, Roarke Horstmeyer, Na Ji, Aaron K. LaViolette, Jerome Mertz, Christophe Moser, Allard P. Mosk, Nicolas C. Pegard, Rafael Piestun, Sebastien Popoff, David B. Phillips, Demetri Psaltis, Babak Rahmani, Herve Rigneault, Stefan Rotter, Lei Tian, Ivo M. Vellekoop, Laura Waller, Lihong Wang, Timothy Weber, Sheng Xiao, Chris Xu, Alexey Yamilov, Changhuei Yang, Hasan Yilmaz
Summary: In the last decade, various tools such as wavefront shaping and computational methods have been developed to understand and control the propagation of light in complex mediums. This field has revolutionized the possibility of diffraction-limited imaging at depth in tissues, and a vibrant community is actively working on it.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Optics
Chris Xu
Summary: The research group has developed a skull-clearing technique that enables stable, high resolution optical imaging of the mouse brain through a transparent window for several weeks.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Najva Akbari, Rose L. Tatarsky, Kristine E. Kolkman, Joseph R. Fetcho, Andrew H. Bass, Chris Xu
Summary: Danionella, a neuroscience model, allows scientists to study the entire depth and rostral-caudal extent of the adult vertebrate brain using two- and three-photon microscopy.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aaron K. Laviolette, Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Chris Xu
Summary: Measurements of three-photon action cross-sections for fluorescein in water with pH -11.5 were conducted using a femtosecond wavelength tunable non-collinear optical parametric amplifier. The excitation wavelength range was from 1154 to 1500 nm in 50 nm steps. The results confirmed the cube-law power dependance and revealed differences in the three-photon excitation spectrum compared to the one- and two-photon excitation spectra. The observed significant difference in three-photon action cross-sections at different wavelengths suggests the presence of resonance enhancement.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Fei Xia, Monique Gevers, Andreas Fognini, Aaron T. Mok, Bo Li, Najva Akabri, Iman E. Zadeh, Jessie Qin-Dregely, Chris Xu
Summary: By utilizing the advantages of short-wave infrared wavelength, we have demonstrated one-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy of adult mouse brains with penetration depths up to 1.7mm, achieved by labeling quantum dots with 1300 nm excitation and 1700 nm emission and detecting them with a single-photon superconducting nanowire detector.
ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES XVI
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Chris Xu
Summary: Multiphoton microscopy is a crucial technique for high-resolution, deep imaging in scattering biological tissue. An adaptive excitation source has been developed to transform a conventional multiphoton microscope into a random-access microscope, enabling more efficient imaging by exciting only the regions of interest.
HIGH-SPEED BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY VII
(2022)