Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oksal Macar, Tugce Kalefetoglu Macar, Kultigin cavusoglu, Emine Yalcin
Summary: This study evaluated the toxic effects of Etoxazole on Allium cepa L. The results showed that higher doses of Etoxazole led to more significant growth and genotoxic damage. The findings highlight the high risk and potential harm of Etoxazole to non-target organisms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xihan Guo, Yanmei Qi, Jianfei Li, Houhong Fan, Limei Yang, Xue Wu, Juan Ni, Han Wang, Xu Wang
Summary: The study suggests that elevated Homocysteine (Hcy) may increase the risk of vascular disease through genotoxicity, but also reveals its unexpected anti-genotoxicity. Metabolites of Hcy play important roles in determining its genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects. The findings challenge the traditional belief that Hcy is always harmful to human health and call for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-genotoxic properties.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Kenji Nakamura, Yuji Ishii, Shinji Takasu, Takehiko Nohmi, Makoto Shibutani, Kumiko Ogawa
Summary: This study clarified the role of chromosome aberrations (CAs) in chemical-induced carcinogenesis using a rat model with acetamide, a non-mutagenic hepatocarcinogen. Results showed that CAs induced by acetamide played a pivotal role in hepatocarcinogenesis in rats via micronucleus formation, highlighting the potential of chromosome rearrangements in chemical carcinogenesis.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Carol Beevers, Yoshifumi Uno, Krista Meurer, Shuichi Hamada, Kiyohiro Hashimoto, David Kirkland, Matthew J. Lebaron, Frank Le Curieux, Ludovic Le Hegarat, Hans-Joerg Martus, Kenichi Masumura, Wakako Ohyama, Daniel J. Roberts, Marie Vasquez, James Whitwell, Kristine L. Witt
Summary: The in vivo working group reached agreements on several issues, including the maximum doses for negative erythrocyte micronucleus tests, the validation of micronucleus assays in non-hematopoietic tissues, and nuisance factors in the comet assay. They found that the liver micronucleus test using six-week-old rats is sufficiently validated, but more research is needed to assess the impact of animal age. While current validation data are insufficient for an OECD test guideline, the methodologies can be considered as an appendix to OECD TG474.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Hui Kheng Lim, Christopher Owen Hughes, Michelle Jing Sin Lim, Jia'En Jasmine Li, Moumita Rakshit, Calvin Yeo, Kern Rei Chng, Angela Li, Joanne Sheot Harn Chan, Kee Woei Ng, David Ian Leavesley, Benjamin Paul Chapman Smith
Summary: The micronucleus assay is commonly used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of chemicals, but traditional in vitro cell lines do not accurately represent the physiology, biochemistry, and genomic events in the gut. This study adapted and validated the micronucleus assay for use with 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues, showing that these microtissues replicate the physiological, biochemical, and genomic responses of the native human small intestine. The study highlights the potential of the reconstructed intestine micronucleus cytome assay as a promising tool for predictive toxicology.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Niels Hadrup, Marie Frederiksen, Anoop K. Sharma
Summary: Boron is widely used as a flame retardant in insulation products, and high exposure may lead to unwanted health effects. It is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract after oral exposure, with intact skin serving as a barrier. Boron is primarily excreted via urine, and skin exposure can be fatal. Data on inhalation toxicity is limited, but skin exposure to boric acid has proven fatal in some cases.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Danielle R. Reed, Amber L. Alhadeff, Gary K. Beauchamp, Nirupa Chaudhari, Valerie B. Duffy, Monica Dus, Alfredo Fontanini, John Glendinning, Barry G. Green, Paule Joseph, George A. Kyriazis, Mark Lyte, Padma Maruvada, John P. McGann, John T. McLaughlin, Timothy H. Moran, Claire Murphy, Emily E. Noble, M. Yanina Pepino, Jennifer L. Pluznick, Kristina Rother, Enrique Saez, Alan C. Spector, Catia Sternini, Richard D. Mattes
Summary: The workshop discussed the need to optimize human chemosensory testing and assessment, the plasticity of chemosensory systems, and the interplay of chemosensory signals, cognitive signals, dietary intake, and metabolism. Research priorities identified included refining methods for measuring chemosensation in large cohort studies, characterizing interindividual differences in chemosensory function, defining circuit-level organization and function, and discovering new ligands for chemosensory receptors. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to understand the effects of the virus on flavor perception and the potential long-term implications for health and nutrition policy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Physics, Particles & Fields
P. Agrawal, M. Bauer, J. Beacham, A. Berlin, A. Boyarsky, S. Cebrian, X. Cid-Vidal, D. D'Enterria, A. De Roeck, M. Drewes, B. Echenard, M. Giannotti, G. F. Giudice, S. Gninenko, S. Gori, E. Goudzovski, J. Heeck, P. Hernandez, M. Hostert, I. G. Irastorza, A. Izmaylov, J. Jaeckel, F. Kahlhoefer, S. Knapen, G. Krnjaic, G. Lanfranchi, J. Monroe, V. I. Martinez Outschoorn, J. Lopez-Pavon, S. Pascoli, M. Pospelov, D. Redigolo, A. Ringwald, O. Ruchayskiy, J. Ruderman, H. Russell, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, P. Schuster, M. Shaposhnikov, L. Shchutska, J. Shelton, Y. Soreq, Y. Stadnik, J. Swallow, K. Tobioka, Y-D Tsai
Summary: With the establishment and maturation of experimental programs focusing on new physics at the LHC, there is a growing interest in exploring the physics of light and feebly-interacting particles as complementary to New Physics at the TeV scale and beyond. FIPs 2020, the first workshop dedicated to this field, brought together experts from various experiments and astrophysics communities to discuss experimental progress and theory models, aiming to enhance collaboration across different fields.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jane P. F. Bai, Audra L. Stinchcomb, Jie Wang, Justin Earp, Sydney Stern, Robert N. Schuck
Summary: The Accelerating Rare Disease Cures (ARC) program of the US FDA aims to develop and use regulatory and scientific tools for rare disease drug development. To facilitate this, a virtual workshop was hosted by the FDA in collaboration with the University of Maryland, discussing the potential utility of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) and proposing a roadmap for its implementation in this field.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Anne E. Holland, Narelle S. Cox, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Carolyn L. Rochester, Chris Garvey, Richard ZuWallack, Linda Nici, Trina Limberg, Suzanne C. Lareau, Barbara P. Yawn, Mary Galwicki, Thierry Troosters, Michael Steiner, Richard Casaburi, Enrico Clini, Roger S. Goldstein, Sally J. Singh
Summary: Pulmonary rehabilitation is effective for chronic lung disease but underused globally. New models aim to improve access. Workshop identified essential components and requirements for implementation. Delphi process determined key components and need for further research on patient characteristics. Personalized assessment and quality assurance are crucial for success. Future success will depend on delivery of key components and achieving expected outcomes.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sylvain Charlat, Andre Ariew, Pierrick Bourrat, Maria Ferreira Ruiz, Thomas Heams, Philippe Huneman, Sandeep Krishna, Michael Lachmann, Nicolas Lartillot, Louis Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt, Christophe Malaterre, Philippe Nghe, Etienne Rajon, Olivier Rivoire, Matteo Smerlak, Zorana Zeravcic
Summary: The article discusses the possibility of natural selection occurring not only in biological life, but also in other physical systems. It highlights the challenges of natural selection in non-living systems, both conceptually and technically. The study emphasizes the crucial role of the concept of individuality and understanding how it emerges and can be recognized in physico-chemical terms.
Article
Respiratory System
Matthew Maddocks, Lisa J. Brighton, Jennifer A. Alison, Lies ter Beek, Surya P. Bhatt, Nathan E. Brummel, Chris Burtin, Matteo Cesari, Rachael A. Evans, Lauren E. Ferrante, Oscar Flores-Flores, Frits M. E. Franssen, Chris Garvey, Samantha L. Harrison, Anand S. Iyer, Lies Lahouse, Suzanne Lareau, Annemarie L. Lee, William D. -C. Man, Alessandra Marengoni, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Dmitry Rozenberg, Jonathan P. Singer, Martijn A. Spruit, Christian R. Osadnik
Summary: People with respiratory disease have an increased risk of developing frailty, and rehabilitation plays an important role in managing frailty in this population. However, identifying frailty and delivering rehabilitation for these individuals remain challenging. This workshop aimed to outline definitions and concepts, synthesize evidence, and explore adaptation of programs for people with respiratory disease and frailty. Participants discussed the frailty rehabilitation paradox and highlighted the need for comprehensive assessment, tailored support, and exercise prescriptions that consider symptom burden and comorbidities. Research is required to expand understanding and explore telerehabilitation or home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for this population.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Anne E. Holland, Narelle S. Cox, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Carolyn L. Rochester, Chris Garvey, Richard ZuWallack, Linda Nici, Trina Limberg, Suzanne C. Lareau, Barbara P. Yawn, Mary Galwicki, Thierry Troosters, Michael Steiner, Richard Casaburi, Enrico Clini, Roger S. Goldstein, Sally J. Singh
Summary: Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective treatment for chronic lung disease, but is underused globally. New models, such as telerehabilitation and home-based programs, aim to improve access and uptake. Clinical trials are required for implementation, and further research is needed to understand which patients are most likely to succeed in each model. Quality assurance processes are crucial for optimal outcomes, and workforce training should consider skills necessary for emerging models, particularly those delivered remotely.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Chitra Lal, Indu Ayappa, Najib Ayas, Andrew E. Beaudin, Camilla Hoyos, Clete A. Kushida, Marta Kaminska, Anna Mullins, Sharon L. Naismith, Ricardo S. Osorio, Craig L. Phillips, Ankit Parekh, Katie L. Stone, Arlener D. Turner, Andrew W. Varga
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potential risk factor for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). A workshop was conducted to summarize the current knowledge, identify research gaps, and suggest future directions. It is important to interpret cognitive screening tests cautiously in patients with OSA, and neuroimaging has limitations in measuring disease chronicity. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) shows potential cognitive benefits, but the results vary across studies. OSA may have negative impacts on AD and other forms of dementia.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kimberly Raines, Payal Agarwal, Patrick Augustijns, Alaadin Alayoubi, Lucas Attia, Annette Bauer-Brandl, Martin Brandl, Parnali Chatterjee, Hansong Chen, Yuly Chiang Yu, Carrie Coutant, Ana Luisa Coutinho, David Curran, Jennifer Dressman, Bryan Ericksen, Leah Falade, Yi Gao, Zongming Gao, Debasis Ghosh, Tapash Ghosh, Anitha Govada, Elizabeth Gray, Ruiqiong Guo, Dana Hammell, Andre Hermans, Rohit Jaini, Hanlin Li, Haritha Mandula, Shuaiqian Men, Johanna Milsmann, Huong Moldthan, Rebecca Moody, Dana E. Moseson, Anette Muellertz, Roshni Patel, Kalpana Paudel, Christos Reppas, Rajesh Savkur, Kerstin Schaefer, Abu Serajuddin, Lynne S. Taylor, Rutu Valapil, Kevin Wei, Werner Weitschies, Shinji Yamashita, James E. Polli
Summary: The in-person workshop Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption was organized into lectures and breakout sessions, focusing on topics such as amorphous solid dispersions, dissolution/permeation interplay, and in vitro methods to predict in vivo biopharmaceutics performance and risk. The discussions highlighted the assessment of dissolved drugs, limitations of current testing methods for poorly water soluble drugs, non-compendial methods and conditions, and the potential benefits of integrating quality control and biopredictive/biorelevant methods.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephanie C. Hammel, Helle Vibeke Andersen, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Marie Frederiksen
Summary: The use of PCBs in buildings and their persistence in indoor environments has led to current and elevated exposure in humans. A study in a housing estate in Denmark assessed personal exposure to PCBs and found that inhalation of contaminated indoor air was the major source of exposure, followed by dermal absorption. The study also demonstrated that exposure among residents in contaminated apartments was significantly higher than those in non-contaminated apartments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrew Collins, Peter Moller, Goran Gajski, Sona Vodenkova, Abdulhadi Abdulwahed, Diana Anderson, Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu, Stefano Bonassi, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Gunnar Brunborg, Christy Chao, Marcus S. S. Cooke, Carla Costa, Solange Costa, Alok Dhawan, Joaquin de Lapuente, Cristian Del Bo, Julien Dubus, Maria Dusinska, Susan J. J. Duthie, Naouale El Yamani, Bevin Engelward, Isabel Gaivao, Lisa Giovannelli, Roger Godschalk, Sofia Guilherme, Kristine B. B. Gutzkow, Khaled Habas, Alba Hernandez, Oscar Herrero, Marina Isidori, Awadhesh N. N. Jha, Siegfried Knasmueller, Ingeborg M. M. Kooter, Gudrun Koppen, Marcin Kruszewski, Carina Ladeira, Blanca Laffon, Marcelo Larramendy, Ludovic Le Hegarat, Angelique Lewies, Anna Lewinska, Guillermo E. E. Liwszyc, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Mugimane Manjanatha, Ricard Marcos, Mirta Milic, Vanessa Moraes de Andrade, Massimo Moretti, Damian Muruzabal, Matjaz Novak, Rui Oliveira, Ann-Karin Olsen, Norah Owiti, Mario Pacheco, Alok K. K. Pandey, Stefan Pfuhler, Bertrand Pourrut, Kerstin Reisinger, Emilio Rojas, Elise Runden-Pran, Julen Sanz-Serrano, Sergey Shaposhnikov, Ville Sipinen, Karen Smeets, Helga Stopper, Joao Paulo Teixeira, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Mahara Valverde, Frederique van Acker, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Marie Vasquez, Johannes F. F. Wentzel, Maciej Wnuk, Annelies Wouters, Bojana Zegura, Tomas Zikmund, Sabine A. S. Langie, Amaya Azqueta
Summary: The comet assay is a versatile method for detecting various types of DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells. It has been widely used in research, industry, and regulatory agencies, and has been adopted as an in vivo test for genotoxicity. The present document provides consensus protocols for applying the comet assay to different cell types, species, and types of DNA damage.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rafael Valencia-Quintana, Mirta Milic, Stefano Bonassi, Maria Antonieta Ochoa-Ocana, Victoria Campos-Pena, Maria Guadalupe Tenorio-Arvide, Guillermo Alejandro Perez-Flores, Juana Sanchez-Alarcon
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of pesticides on genetic damage to agricultural workers in Los Reyes, Michoacan, Mexico. The results showed that pesticide use poses a risk of genetic damage to agricultural workers, but measures can be taken to reduce this risk.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sanchez-Alarcon Juana, Milic Mirta, Bonassi Stefano, Gomez-Arroyo Sandra, Cortes- Eslava Josefina, Flores-Marquez Ana Rosa, Valencia- Quintana Rafael Alexander, Valencia-Quintana Rafael
Summary: Mexico is an agriculturally important country with limited biomonitoring data. High pesticide use in horticultural productivity leads to environmental contamination and risks to workers' health. The study shows that horticulturists have significantly higher genetic damage compared to unexposed controls, indicating the need for protective measures and educational programs to prevent health risks.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Hanna Tolonen, Paul T. J. Scheepers, Ilse Loots, Katrin Vorkamp, Parvaneh Hajeb, Ovnair Sepai, Liese Gilles, Pia Splanemann, Philipp Weise, Marike Kolossa-Gehring
Summary: Human biomonitoring involves the use of human samples and data to investigate exposure to environmental chemicals and their impact on human health. HBM4EU developed a coordinated and harmonized approach involving 29 countries in Europe plus Israel. Addressing ethical issues has been an indispensable prerequisite, from the application phase, grant agreement, project performance to the closing of the project. HBM4EU has established a better understanding of the ethics in such projects and the need for a standardised way of reporting and handling of ethics and data exchange, securing compliance with ethics standards, transparency, transferability and sustainability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Piero Barbanti, Cinzia Aurilia, Gabriella Egeo, Paola Torelli, Stefania Proietti, Sabina Cevoli, Stefano Bonassi, Italian Migraine Registry Study Grp
Summary: In a multicenter study assessing the use of anti-CGRP mAbs in patients with high-frequency or chronic migraine, it was found that half of the nonresponders at 12 weeks actually responded later. Efficacy of the treatment should be evaluated at 24 weeks and treatment duration extended beyond 12 months.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sandra Unterberger, Rudolf Aschauer, Patrick A. Zoehrer, Agnes Draxler, Mirjam Aschauer, Benno Kager, Bernhard Franzke, Eva-Maria Strasser, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Barbara Wessner
Summary: In recent years, the phase angle (PhA) has been studied as a variable to assess cell integrity and physical performance. However, there is limited data on healthy older adults. This retrospective analysis examined the relationship between PhA, body composition, physical performance, and macronutrient intake in older adults and found that PhA was associated with physical performance but not protein intake. Age, sex, BMI, and PhA were predictors of performance test outcomes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katharina Wirnitzer, Derrick Tanous, Mohamad Motevalli, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Christian Raschner, Gerold Wirnitzer, Claus Leitzmann, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle
Summary: The potential performance difference of different diets for running or endurance remains questionable. Runner training behaviors and experience may affect the results when analyzing dietary subgroups. The study suggests that a vegan diet may be associated with improved endurance performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katharina Wirnitzer, Derrick Tanous, Mohamad Motevalli, Christian Raschner, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Gerold Wirnitzer, Claus Leitzmann, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle
Summary: Based on a cross-sectional study, it was found that the dietary type of recreational runners (omnivore, vegetarian, vegan) has an impact on their motivation for training, but there are no significant differences in specific training phases.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Mette Due Theilade Thomsen, Lisbeth Ehlert Knudsen
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mahara Valverde, Adriana Granados, Mirta Milic, Marcello Ceppi, Leticia Sollano, Stefano Bonassi, Emilio Rojas
Summary: DNA damage in newborn children's cord blood cells from Mexico City is correlated with the DNA damage in their mothers, as well as the environmental exposure and complications during pregnancy. Mothers living in the southern part of the city have double DNA damage compared to those living in the northern part. This study highlights the importance of antioxidants during pregnancy and the role of the placental barrier in protecting newborns from DNA-damaging effects of pollution.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Piero Barbanti, Gabriella Egeo, Cinzia Aurilia, Paola Torelli, Cinzia Finocchi, Florindo d'Onofrio, Luigi d'Onofrio, Renata Rao, Stefano Messina, Laura Di Clemente, Angelo Ranieri, Massimo Autunno, Giuliano Sette, Bruno Colombo, Antonio Carnevale, Marco Aguggia, Miriam Tasillo, Francesco Zoroddu, Fabio Frediani, Massimo Filippi, Carlo Tomino, Stefania Proietti, Stefano Bonassi
Summary: This study confirms the long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fremanezumab in real-life patients with high-frequency episodic migraine and chronic migraine. The drug significantly reduced the frequency of migraines and headaches during the 24-week treatment period, with minimal side effects.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior, Leticya Pinto de Araujo, Joao Paulo de Mendonca Freitas, Nilmara de Oliveira Alves, Stefano Bonassi, Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and micronucleus (MN) frequency. The results showed a significant association between PM exposure and MN frequency, with buccal cells and low economic status as potential effect modifiers. This research is important for understanding the impact of environmental pollution on human health.
MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marco Crocco, Angela Calvi, Francesca Canzoneri, Federica Malerba, Noemi Zampatti, Andrea Chiaro, Serena Arrigo, Paolo Gandullia, Stefania Proietti, Stefano Bonassi
Summary: This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of new-onset celiac disease cases, and found a 14.5% decrease in cases during the pandemic compared to previous years. This is the first study to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on celiac disease diagnosis in children.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Walter Marrocco, Antonella Galli, Silvestro Scotti, Nicola Calabrese, Paolo Misericordia, Alessandro Dalle Vedove, Gianmarco Marrocco, Antonio Pio D'Ingianna, Andrea Pizzini, Massimo Fini, Carlo Tomino, Stefano Bonassi
Summary: This randomized clinical trial conducted by general practitioners evaluated the effects of a multicomponent intervention for preventing falls in elderly individuals at high risk. The intervention group received counseling, risk assessment, physical activity programs, and nutritional counseling, which resulted in fewer falls compared to the control group. However, there was a small reduction in the number of fallers and an unexpected increase in the risk of fractures in the intervention group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
