Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ferdinando Palmieri, Magnus Monne, Giuseppe Fiermonte, Luigi Palmieri
Summary: Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes require cofactors for their action, which are transported by mitochondrial carriers. Mutations in mitochondrial cofactor carrier genes can compromise enzymatic activity and metabolic pathways.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Amani A. Gillette, Rebecca A. DeStefanis, Stephanie L. Pritzl, Dustin A. Deming, Melissa C. Skala
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Bcl-2 family protein inhibitors on cellular metabolism and finds that the optical redox ratio (ORR) is sensitive to changes in mitochondrial function and cell senescence, which can occur independently of cell viability. The metabolic changes caused by ABT-263 treatment can be mitigated by combination with mTORC1/2 inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunghark Kwon
Summary: This study analyzed the structure of FADS from the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae and predicted possible substrate-binding modes, providing a structural basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism of SpFADS and developing novel inhibitors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Celia Arib, Nadia Bouchemal, Maria Barile, Didier Paleni, Nadia Djaker, Nathalie Dupont, Jolanda Spadavecchia
Summary: This study presents a novel design of gold nanoparticles by using flavin-adenine-dinucleotide as a coupling reagent, and evaluates their physico-chemical properties, as well as discusses their potential applications in nanomedicine.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kamlesh Awasthi, Tsai-En Wu, Hsin-Yun Hsu, Nobuhiro Ohta
Summary: This study investigates the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on intracellular functions in lung cancer cells and normal cells using autofluorescence lifetime (AFL) microscopy of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The results show that nsPEF(50) induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells and increases the lifetime of FAD autofluorescence, while the effect on normal cells is not significant. These findings suggest that the lifetime measurements of FAD autofluorescence can be used to detect nsPEF-induced changes in intracellular functions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Virginia Merk, Eugen Speiser, Wolfgang Werncke, Norbert Esser, Janina Kneipp
Summary: The ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of NAD+ and FAD in aqueous solution at physiological concentration were compared in order to distinguish them from their building block, adenine, in potential co-occurrence in biological materials. The measurement of spectra at different pH values showed characteristic changes mainly due to deprotonation of flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of adenine.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
JuKyung Lee, Han Na Suh, Saeyoung Ahn, Hye Bin Park, Jeong Yoon Lee, Hyung Jin Kim, Sang Hee Kim
Summary: This study developed electrocatalytic sensors for analyzing NADH in whole blood, which exhibited stability and a limit of detection of 3.5 μM. These sensors have the potential for extensive applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xinxin Liu, Hong Lu, Qiansheng Li, Ze Fu, Feng Tan, Xiaolei Wang, Jiti Zhou
Summary: In this study, novel core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were successfully prepared for flavins. The results showed that MMIPs exhibited good adsorption capacity and catalytic performance for flavins, which can be applied to accelerate anaerobic biotransformation of refractory pollutants.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Shima Mehrvar, Soudeh Mostaghimi, Farnaz H. Foomani, Betsy Abroe, Janis T. Eells, Sandeep Gopalakrishnan, Mahsa Ranji
Summary: The study quantitatively evaluated the effect of far-red light exposure on mitochondrial bioenergetics of diabetic wounds and found that far-red light exposure improved mitochondrial function and accelerated wound healing, possibly through increasing mitochondrial RR and reducing oxidative stress.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ki-Hoon Park, Monika Gooz, Zhi-Wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Gyda C. Beeson, Don C. Rockey, Seok-Hyung Kim
Summary: This study reveals that ETFA haploinsufficiency leads to hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis, and injury in adult zebrafish. Reduction in levels of FAD and glutathione, as well as an increase in reactive oxygen species, was observed in mutant livers. Riboflavin supplementation counteracted these effects, highlighting the role of FAD depletion in hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress-mediated liver injury.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sonia O. Pereira, Nuno F. Santos, Alexandre F. Carvalho, Antonio J. S. Fernandes, Florinda M. Costa
Summary: Carbon-based electrodes show great promise in biosensor development, with laser-induced graphene (LIG) emerging as a strong candidate due to its superior characteristics. This study focuses on the electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOx) on LIG electrodes, revealing a new redox pair related to the LIG/GOx interaction. The reaction involving two protons and two electrons is sensitive to glucose concentration, indicating electron transfer from FAD in GOx to the electrode.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natsuki Shichinohe, Daisuke Kobayashi, Ayaka Izumi, Kazuya Hatanaka, Rio Fujita, Taroh Kinoshita, Norimitsu Inoue, Naoya Hamaue, Keiji Wada, Yoshiko Murakami
Summary: Extracellular hydrolysis of FAD and FMN to riboflavin is important for cellular uptake of vitamin B2. In human cells, FAD is hydrolyzed by CD73 to FMN, which is further hydrolyzed to riboflavin by alkaline phosphatase. This two-step hydrolysis process is impaired on the surface of GPI-deficient cells. Inefficient uptake of vitamin B2 might account for mitochondrial dysfunction seen in some cases of inherited GPI deficiency.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tze Yan Lee, Nuratiqah Farah, Voon Kin Chin, Chee Woei Lim, Pei Pei Chong, Rusliza Basir, Wai Feng Lim, Yan Shan Loo
Summary: Riboflavin is an essential coenzyme that plays a significant role in energy metabolism and the metabolism of various nutrients. It possesses antioxidant properties and has been explored for its potential use in pharmaceutical and clinical contexts, such as preventing oxidative stress, treating colorectal cancer, and improving diabetes mellitus comorbidities.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Annemarie Jacob, He N. Xu, Andrea L. Stout, Lin Z. Li
Summary: This study compared the ability of whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices and N:C ratio to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes and between mitotic and nonmitotic cells. The results showed that subcellular ORI analysis better distinguishes breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness than N:C area ratio.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Stella Yang, Joyce Farrell, Shenglin Ye, Iram Ahmad, Tulio A. Valdez
Summary: This study aims to develop an imaging system to enhance the visibility of cholesteatoma tissue during surgery. The researchers found that cholesteatoma tissue fluoresced under 405 and 450 nm illumination, while mucosa tissue did not. A prototype fluorescence imaging system was built to accurately measure cholesteatoma tissue autofluorescence.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Zoology
J. William O. Ballard, Chloe Gardner, Lucille Ellem, Sonu Yadav, Richard Kemp
Summary: Dogs, as the first domesticated animals, are an important model for studying domestication. This study compared eye contact and sociability between Australian dingoes, Basenji dogs, and German Shepherd dogs. The results showed that dingoes exhibited different behaviors compared to breed dogs, suggesting that they were not domesticated before arriving in Australia.
Article
Pathology
Hironori Yamashita, Aikaterini Tourna, Masayuki Akita, Tomoo Itoh, Shilpa Chokshi, Tetsuo Ajiki, Takumi Fukumoto, Neil A. Youngson, Yoh Zen
Summary: Mutations in IDH1/2 and epigenetic silencing of TET2 occur in leukemia or glioma in a mutually exclusive manner. The study investigated the expression and promoter methylation of TET2 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Results showed that TET2 overexpression, potentially induced by promoter hypomethylation, is a common and independent poor prognostic factor in iCCA of both subtypes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matt A. Field, Sonu Yadav, Olga Dudchenko, Meera Esvaran, Benjamin D. Rosen, Ksenia Skvortsova, Richard J. Edwards, Jens Keilwagen, Blake J. Cochran, Bikash Manandhar, Sonia Bustamante, Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen, Richard G. Melvin, Barry Chernoff, Arina Omer, Zane Colaric, Eva K. F. Chan, Andre E. Minoche, Timothy P. L. Smith, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Ozren Bogdanovic, Robert A. Zammit, Torsten Thomas, Erez L. Aiden, J. William O. Ballard
Summary: Research shows that there are significant genetic differences between dingoes and breed dogs, which may be due to different demographic and environmental conditions. Differences have also been observed in the methylation patterns, serum biochemistry, and microbiome makeup between dingoes and breed dogs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Howard T. Jacobs, J. William O. Ballard
Summary: The physiological role of alternative oxidase (AOX) in animals is still poorly understood. Accumulated evidence suggests that AOX may help animals resist various stresses, but further research is needed to address why AOX has been lost in certain animal groups.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel G. Towarnicki, Neil A. Youngson, Susan M. Corley, Jus C. St John, Richard G. Melvin, Nigel Turner, Margaret J. Morris, J. William O. Ballard
Summary: Studies have shown that ancestral life experiences, particularly stress and diet, can influence the growth, metabolism, and behavior of future generations. This research focuses on the non-genetic inheritance between fertilization and adulthood, revealing that ancestral dietary macronutrient composition and quantity can impact the developmental timing of descendants through changes in specific signaling pathways.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gabriella Assante, Sriram Chandrasekaran, Stanley Ng, Aikaterini Tourna, Carolina H. Chung, Kowsar A. Isse, Jasmine L. Banks, Ugo Soffientini, Celine Filippi, Anil Dhawan, Mo Liu, Steven G. Rozen, Matthew Hoare, Peter Campbell, J. William O. Ballard, Nigel Turner, Margaret J. Morris, Shilpa Chokshi, Neil A. Youngson
Summary: The research demonstrates that metabolically driven histone hyperacetylation in steatotic hepatocytes can increase DNA damage, thus initiating the development of HCC.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Josephine Yu, D. Ross Laybutt, Neil A. Youngson, Margaret J. Morris
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation on the metabolic consequences of high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. The results showed that betaine supplementation combined with exercise significantly reduced body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Additionally, betaine exerted modest effects on fatty acid metabolism genes in skeletal muscle, while its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism were limited.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
G. Assante, A. Tourna, R. Carpani, F. Ferrari, D. Prati, F. Peyvandi, F. Blasi, A. Bandera, A. Le Guennec, S. Chokshi, V. C. Patel, I. J. Cox, L. Valenti, N. A. Youngson
Summary: The gut plays an important role in the pathology of COVID-19, acting as a route of infection and influencing the severity of the disease. Infection of the gut by SARS-CoV-2 leads to systemic changes that alter immune and inflammatory responses. Markers for gut inflammation and damage are increased in plasma as the severity of the disease worsens. However, levels of the gut cell death biomarker FABP2 are paradoxically reduced in moderate to severe cases of COVID-19.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Correction
Genetics & Heredity
Gabriella Assante, Sriram Chandrasekaran, Stanley Ng, Aikaterini Tourna, Carolina H. Chung, Kowsar A. Isse, Jasmine L. Banks, Ugo Soffientini, Celine Filippi, Anil Dhawan, Mo Liu, Steven G. Rozen, Matthew Hoare, Peter Campbell, J. William O. Ballard, Nigel Turner, Margaret J. Morris, Shilpa Chokshi, Neil A. Youngson
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Dmytro V. Gospodaryov, J. William O. Ballard, M. Florencia Camus, Rob DeSalle, Michael R. Garvin, Uwe Richter
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Simao Teixeira da Rocha, Shau-Ping Lin, Neil A. Youngson
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
J. William O. Ballard, Matt A. Field, Richard J. Edwards, Laura A. B. Wilson, Loukas G. Koungoulos, Benjamin D. Rosen, Barry Chernoff, Olga Dudchenko, Arina Omer, Jens Keilwagen, Ksenia Skvortsova, Ozren Bogdanovic, Eva Chan, Robert Zammit, Vanessa Hayes, Erez Lieberman Aiden
Summary: We describe a female Alpine dingo named Cooinda, who has been identified as a representative specimen for future research on the evolutionary history, morphology, physiology, and ecology of dingoes. The study provides evidence that Cooinda exhibits genetic and morphological characteristics typical of the Alpine ecotype.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
G. Assante, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Ng, A. Tourna, C. Chung, K. Isse, J. Banks, U. Soffientini, C. Filippi, A. Dhawan, M. Liu, S. Rozen, M. Hoare, P. Campbell, W. Ballard, N. Turner, M. Morris, S. Chokshi, N. Youngson
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)