Article
Immunology
Vandana Kulkarni, Artur T. L. Queiroz, Shashi Sangle, Anju Kagal, Sonali Salvi, Amita Gupta, Jerrold Ellner, Dileep Kadam, Valeria C. Rolla, Bruno B. Andrade, Padmini Salgame, Vidya Mave
Summary: This study identified an optimal gene signature for diagnosing tuberculosis in patients with advanced HIV using whole-blood RNA sequencing and machine learning algorithms. The signature showed high classification accuracy in cohorts from India and Uganda, indicating potential clinical utility.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olayide Agodirin, Samuel Olatoke, Ganiyu Rahman, Oladapo Kolawole, Saliu Oguntola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Julius Olaogun, Aba Katung, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Adeyeye, John Agboola, Halimat Akande, Olusola Akanbi, Oluwafemi Fatudimu, Anthony Ajiboye
Summary: Late detection and advanced-stage diagnosis of breast cancer pose different challenges in Africa, emphasizing the importance of increasing breast cancer knowledge and promoting breast self-examination to improve outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ali Elgalib, Samir Shah, Adil Al-Wahaibi, Zeyana Al-Habsi, Maha Al-Fouri, Richard Lau, Hanan Al-Kindi, Bader Al-Rawahi, Seif Al-Abri
Summary: The study found that a significant proportion of new HIV cases in Oman continue to be reported late, with men and older individuals at greater risk of late diagnosis. Targeted interventions and increased efforts to expand HIV testing services in Oman are needed.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael S. Saag
Summary: Despite extensive knowledge about HIV, incident cases have only decreased slightly in recent years. Universal screening, prompt referral for assessment, and initiation of antiretroviral therapy are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing transmission rates.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Christoph Boesecke, Sven Schellberg, Jochen Schneider, Gundolf Schuettfort, Hartmut Stocker
Summary: The study aimed to review the current situation of late HIV diagnosis in Germany and discuss the persisting barriers to early diagnosis and potential solutions. It was found that older individuals, heterosexuals, and migrants are more likely to be diagnosed late in Germany. However, the rate of late diagnosis in men who have sex with men (MSM) is decreasing. Improved indicator testing and universal testing could help reduce the number of late HIV diagnosis.
Article
Virology
Qinshu Chu, Xinhong Zhang, Jianguo Lan, Qi Zhang, Tao Wei, Yuansheng Fu, Yinguang Fan
Summary: This paper aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with late diagnosis in older adults living with HIV in Liuzhou, China from 2010 to 2020. The majority of older adults diagnosed with HIV were males over the age of 60, with low CD4 cell counts at diagnosis, and most late diagnoses were likely due to heterosexual transmission. Older age and lower CD4 cell counts potentially contribute to late diagnosis, while being female and having homosexual or other transmission modes were negative factors. These findings suggest that late diagnosis in HIV-positive adults aged 50 and above remains a significant and increasing epidemiological issue.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lude Wang, Chendong Dai, Lianfu Jiang, Gangling Tong, Yunhai Xiong, Karim Khan, Zhongmin Tang, Xiang Chen, Haibo Zeng
Summary: Current tumor diagnosis and therapy methods are slow, costly, and face difficulties in diagnosing tumors at their early stage. Efforts are focused on non-destructive, integrated, and multiple technologies for early and accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment. The development of advanced devices and smart technology is seen as the key to achieve these objectives.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Massimiliano Cadamuro, Ahmad Al-Taee, Tamas A. Gonda
Summary: Cholangiocarcinoma is a deadly malignancy that is often diagnosed late due to its intrinsic characteristics and the growth pattern of cancer cells. However, early and accurate diagnosis, as well as identification of targetable changes, can potentially improve survival. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a precursor to a minority of cholangiocarcinomas, poses particular diagnostic challenges. This article presents a comprehensive diagnostic and theranostic approach to extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, incorporating advanced imaging, endoscopic methods, multiple tissue sampling approaches, and molecular markers. An algorithm for sequential tool usage is also provided.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Li Wei Ang, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Chen Seong Wong, Irving Charles Boudville, Sophia Archuleta, Vernon Jian Ming Lee, Yee Sin Leo, Angela Chow
Summary: The study indicated that late diagnosis had a significant impact on short-term mortality of HIV-infected individuals, with HIV/AIDS-related causes being the majority of deaths.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Itunu Sokale, Aaron Thrift, Jane Montealegre, Victor Adekanmbi, Onyema Chido-Amajuoyi, Ann Amuta, Lorraine Reitzel, Abiodun Oluyomi
Summary: This study examines geospatial clusters of late-stage cervical cancer diagnosis in Texas and finds place-based disparities, suggesting that aggressive cervical cancer interventions may benefit these communities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Megi Gogishvili, Terry T-K Huang, Sergio A. Costa, Karen Florez, Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, Maria R. A. Valls, Maria Rivero, Maria Saumoy, Gloria Samperiz, Miguel Cervero, Federico Pulido, Jose A. Perez
Summary: This study found that immigrants in Spain had a higher risk of late HIV diagnoses compared to native-born Spaniards. Late HIV diagnosis is an important healthcare marker due to its positive benefits, and further research is needed to explore the reasons for this disparity and potential social and policy interventions to reduce the prevalence of late HIV diagnoses among immigrants.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Oriol Mitja, Andrea Alemany, Michael Marks, Jezer I. Lezama Mora, Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Aldama, Mayara Secco Torres Silva, Ever Arturo Corral Herrera, Brenda Crabtree-Ramirez, Jose Luis Blanco, Nicolo Girometti, Valentina Mazzotta, Aniruddha Hazra, Macarena Silva, Juan Jose Montenegro-Idrogo, Kelly Gebo, Jade Ghosn, Maria Fernanda Pena Vazquez, Eduardo Matos Prado, Uche Unigwe, Judit Villar-Garcia, Noah Wald-Dickler, Jason Zucker, Roger Paredes, Alexandra Calmy, Laura Waters, Cristina Galvan-Casas, Sharon Walmsley, Chloe M. Orkin
Summary: In the 2022 multicountry mpox outbreak, 38-50% of those affected were people living with HIV. Clinical outcomes and mortality were worse in people with more advanced HIV.
Article
Immunology
Enrico Girardi, Yanink Caro-Vega, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Joseph Musaazi, Gabriela Carriquiry, Barbara Castelnuovo, Andrea Gori, Yukari C. Manabe, Jose Eduardo Gotuzzo, Antonella D'arminio Monforte, Brenda Crabtree-Ramirez, Cristina Mussini
Summary: This study describes the timing of tuberculosis (TB) presentation in relation to HIV infection diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. It also evaluates the impact of late presentation and late initiation of ART on TB risk. The results show that late presentation and delayed initiation of ART have detrimental effects on the incidence of TB, and the impact of late presentation persists up to 5 years after HIV care entry.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Olivia Borchmann, Lars Haukali Omland, Jan Gerstoft, Carsten Schade Larsen, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Suzanne Lunding, Janne Jensen, Niels Obel, Ann-Brit Eg Hansen
Summary: HIV diagnosis is often delayed among migrants in Denmark, but timely linkage to care is observed. The proportion of late presentation is high, especially among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and East and South Asia.
Article
Microbiology
Vanessa Caroline Randi Magalhaes, Salene Angelini Colombo, Gustavo Jose Cota Freitas, Alexandre Sampaio Moura, Flavia Cardoso Lopez Vieira, Ana Claudia Lyon, Maria Isabel Azevedo, Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres, Daniel Assis Santos
Summary: This article reports a rare case of sporotrichosis in an HIV-negative patient, presenting with symptoms similar to pyoderma gangrenosum, along with bone marrow infection and pancytopenia. It highlights the issue of delayed diagnosis and reminds physicians to be vigilant for sporotrichosis in patients with specific presentations.
Article
Immunology
Ben B. Hui, Thilini N. Padeniya, Nic Rebuli, Richard T. Gray, James G. Wood, Basil Donovan, Qibin Duan, Rebecca Guy, Jane S. Hocking, Monica M. Lahra, David A. Lewis, David M. Whiley, David G. Regan, Kate L. Seib
Summary: This study used a mathematical model to assess the potential impact of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccine among MSM. The results indicate that even a vaccine of modest efficacy can substantially reduce the prevalence of gonorrhea in this population, but its impact may be reduced if it is ineffective at preventing oropharyngeal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Caitlin H. Douglass, Megan S. C. Lim, Karen Block, Gerald Onsando, Margaret Hellard, Peter Higgs, Charles Livingstone, Danielle Horyniak
Summary: This review aims to analyze the stigma associated with mental health conditions and AOD use among people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds, and provide culturally responsive interventions to reduce the negative impact of stigma on individuals, families, and communities.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Jacqueline H. Stephens, Richard T. Gray, Rebecca Guy, Tobias Vickers, James Ward
Summary: Aboriginal people in Australia are a priority population for HIV care, but there is no HIV cascade specifically for this population. A study was conducted to develop annual HIV cascades for Aboriginal people from 2010 to 2017. By 2017, an estimated 595 Aboriginal people were living with HIV, with 14% remaining undiagnosed. The study found that awareness of diagnosis and retention in care were below global targets, but treatment outcomes exceeded global targets.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tafireyi Marukutira, Karen P. Moore, Margaret Hellard, Jacqui Richmond, Kate Turner, A. E. Pedrana, Shannon Melody, Fay H. Johnston, Louise Owen, Wijnand Van den Boom, N. Scott, Alexander Thompson, David Iser, Tim Spelman, Mark Veitch, Mark A. Stoove, Joseph Doyle
Summary: Australia's subsidization of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for all people living with hepatitis C (HCV) has positioned the country to eliminate HCV as a public health threat. However, the uptake of DAAs has declined in recent years, requiring new initiatives to engage HCV patients in care. This study explores the use of HCV notification systems to engage diagnosing GPs and improve patient access to treatment.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jack Stone, Aaron G. Lim, Gregory J. Dore, Annick Borquez, Louise Geddes, Richard Gray, Jason Grebely, Bezhad Hajarizadeh, Jenny Iversen, Lisa Maher, Heather Valerio, Natasha K. Martin, Matthew Hickman, Andrew R. Lloyd, Peter Vickerman
Summary: This study assessed the importance of prison-based interventions for achieving hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination targets among people who inject drugs (PWID) in New South Wales, Australia. The results showed that incarceration significantly contributes to HCV transmission, and prison-based interventions are critical for reducing HCV incidence among PWID.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Richard T. Gray, Hawa Camara, Laila Khawar, Andrew Grulich, Rebecca Guy, Skye McGregor, Nicholas Medland
Summary: This study investigates the trends in undiagnosed HIV using novel metrics, highlighting diverging trends between different populations in Australia.
Article
Hematology
Qinglu Cheng, Veronica C. C. Hoad, Avijoy Roy Choudhury, Clive R. R. Seed, Peter Bentley, Sophy T. F. Shih, Jisoo A. A. Kwon, Richard T. T. Gray, Virginia Wiseman
Summary: This study conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of different testing strategies for HCV infection in blood donations in Australia. The results showed that testing with NAT only was the most cost-effective strategy.
Article
Immunology
Jonathan M. King, Kathy Petoumenos, Timothy Dobbins, Rebecca J. Guy, Richard T. Gray, Steven J. Nigro, Damin Si, Byron Minas, Skye McGregor
Summary: Australia aims to eliminate HIV transmission by the end of 2022, but there is a lack of accurate information on HIV transmission among residents. The researchers developed a method to estimate the timing of HIV acquisition among migrants to Australia. They found that almost half of migrants diagnosed with HIV acquired the infection after arrival in Australia, underscoring the need for tailored testing and prevention programs.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Denton Callander, Hamish McManus, Richard T. Gray, Andrew E. Grulich, Andrew Carr, Jennifer Hoy, Basil Donovan, Christopher K. Fairley, Martin Holt, David J. Templeton, Siaw-Teng Liaw, James H. McMahon, Jason Asselin, Kathy Petoumenos, Margaret Hellard, Alisa Pedrana, Julian Elliott, Phillip Keen, Jane Costello, Richard Keane, John Kaldor, Mark Stoove, Rebecca Guy
Summary: By studying HIV treatment-as-prevention among GBM in Australia, it was found that this method can effectively reduce HIV incidence, especially when combined with the use of PrEP.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sophy T. F. Shih, Qinglu Cheng, Joanne Carson, Heather Valerio, Yumi Sheehan, Richard T. Gray, Evan B. Cunningham, Jisoo A. Kwon, Andrew R. Lloyd, Gregory J. Dore, Virginia Wiseman, Jason Grebely
Summary: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing strategies for HCV compared to laboratory-based testing in standard-of-care. The results showed that point-of-care testing is more cost-effective than standard of care, with costs per treatment initiation ranging from A$890 to A$1406, which is up to 35% lower than standard-of-care. Point-of-care testing strategies combining HCV antibody and RNA testing are likely to be cost-effective in most settings.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Richard T. Gray
Summary: We conducted a retrospective modeling analysis to evaluate the impact of increased antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV epidemiology and healthcare costs in Australia. The study found that increasing the proportion of gay and bisexual men (GBM) on effective ART between 2009 and 2019 resulted in substantial reductions in new HIV infections and cost savings. The net cost saving was estimated to be $162 million AUD.
Article
Substance Abuse
Tafireyi Marukutira, Rachel Barter, Karen P. Moore, Margaret E. Hellard, Jacqui Richmond, Kate Turner, Alisa E. Pedrana, Shannon Melody, Fay H. Johnston, Louise Owen, Wijnand van Den Boom, Nick Scott, Alexander Thompson, David M. Iser, Timothy Spelman, Mark Veitch, Mark Stoove, Joseph S. Doyle
Summary: This study aimed to improve treatment uptake for chronic hepatitis C patients through an intervention targeting primary care practitioners. The intervention involved immediate follow-up of HCV notifications and showed improvement in HCV RNA testing and trend toward better engagement in care, but no significant increase in treatment uptake.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Megumi Lim, Angela Devine, Richard T. Gray, Jisoo A. Kwon, Jolie L. Hutchinson, Jason J. Ong
Summary: This study estimated the lifetime cost of HIV management from the Australian healthcare perspective. The study found that ART was the largest contributor to the lifetime cost, and the lifetime cost was most sensitive to the costs of third- and second-line ART.
Article
Pediatrics
Caitlin H. Douglass, Aidan Borthwick, Megan S. C. Lim, Bircan Erbas, Senem Eren, Peter Higgs
Summary: This study aims to explore the positive and negative experiences of digital technology and social media use among young people and parents from Muslim backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia. Results showed that social media was an important extension of social and cultural connections, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, participants were also at risk of discrimination and exposure to unrealistic expectations.
JMIR PEDIATRICS AND PARENTING
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Caitlin H. Douglass, Michelle Raggatt, Cassandra J. C. Wright, Helen Reddan, Holly O'Connell, Megan S. C. Lim, Paul M. Dietze
Summary: A survey conducted at music festivals in Victoria, Australia found that the majority of attendees had consumed alcohol in the past year, nearly half reported recent drug use, and participants at electronic music festivals were more likely to engage in risky drinking and drug use. Tailoring harm reduction strategies based on the genre of music festivals may be beneficial to address these issues.
DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY
(2022)
