Article
Immunology
Alicja Sadowska-Klasa, Wendy M. Leisenring, Ajit P. Limaye, Michael Boeckh
Summary: A systematic review of randomized and observational studies from 2013-2023 indicated that antiviral preemptive therapy initiated at cytomegalovirus viral load thresholds between 2 and 3 log10 IU/mL had comparable cytomegalovirus disease rates. Thus, viral thresholds within this range appeared to effectively safeguard patients who did not receive prophylaxis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Dipesh Kumar Yadav, Vishnu Prasad Adhikari, Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Alina Singh, Xing Huang, Qi Zhang, Prabesh Pandit, Qi Ling, Tingbo Liang
Summary: This meta-analysis compared the outcomes of antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive therapy for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in liver transplant recipients. The results showed that antiviral prophylaxis reduced the incidence of CMV infection in the high-risk group, while preemptive therapy reduced the incidence of late-onset CMV disease. There were no significant differences in other outcomes between the two interventions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Andrea Gilioli, Andrea Messerotti, Paola Bresciani, Angela Cuoghi, Valeria Pioli, Corrado Colasante, Francesca Bettelli, Davide Giusti, Fabio Forghieri, Leonardo Potenza, Francesca Donatelli, Rachele Giubbolini, Laura Galassi, Roberto Marasca, Federico Banchelli, Roberto D'Amico, Monica Pecorari, William Gennari, Tommaso Trenti, Patrizia Comoli, Mario Luppi, Franco Narni
Summary: The study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients who underwent HSCT and found that CMV clinically significant infection (CS-CMVi) occurred in 48% of prophylactically treated patients, but it did not impact relapse incidence or overall survival. Additionally, the use of CMV-IG alone as prophylactic therapy did not effectively prevent CMV reactivation.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nina Singh, Drew J. Winston, Raymund R. Razonable, G. Marshall Lyon, Fernanda P. Silveira, Marilyn M. Wagener, Ajit P. Limaye
Summary: The study showed that preemptive therapy (PET) is more cost-effective than prophylaxis in high-risk donor CMV-seropositive/recipient-seronegative (D+/R-) liver transplant recipients, reducing the rate of CMV disease and saving overall costs.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nina Singh, Drew J. Winston, Raymund R. Razonable, G. Marshall Lyon, Fernanda P. Silveira, Marilyn M. Wagener, Ajit P. Limaye
Summary: A majority of D+/R- liver transplant recipients experience a significant increase in viral load after preemptive therapy initiation, which is associated with a lower risk of subsequent recurrent viremia.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kjersti B. Blom, Grete K. Birkeland, Karsten Midtvedt, Trond G. Jenssen, Anna V. Reisaeter, Halvor Rollag, Anders Hartmann, Solbjorg Sagedal, Ivar Sjaastad, Garth Tylden, Gro Njolstad, Einar Nilsen, Andreas Christensen, Anders Asberg, Jon A. Birkeland
Summary: This study compares the long-term outcomes of prophylactic and preemptive CMV preventive strategies in kidney transplant recipients. The study found that there were no significant differences in long-term outcomes such as patient death and graft loss between the two strategies in D+/R- kidney transplant recipients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Monica Rika Nakamura, Lucio R. Requiao-Moura, Roberto Mayer Gallo, Camila Botelho, Julia Taddeo, Laila Almeida Viana, Claudia Rosso Felipe, Jose Medina-Pestana, Helio Tedesco-Silva
Summary: The study compares the effectiveness of preemptive treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplant using antigenemia and RT-PCR testing. It finds that both methods yield similar results in preventing CMV disease and related events. Acute rejection and glomerular filtration rate are identified as risk factors for CMV disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Laila Almeida Viana, Marina Pontello Cristelli, Geovana Basso, Daniel Wagner Santos, Marcus Taver Costa Dantas, Yasmim Cardoso Dreige, Lucio R. Requio Moura, Monica Rika Nakamura, Jose Medina-Pestana, Helio Tedesco-Silva
Summary: The conversion from an antimetabolite to sirolimus (SRL) after the first episode of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease is an effective and safe strategy for preventing CMV recurrence in kidney transplant recipients.
Article
Immunology
Vera Portillo, Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat, Lena Royston, Sabine Yerly, Manuel Schibler, Maria Mappoura, Sarah Morin, Federica Giannotti, Anne-Claire Mamez, Christian van Delden, Yves Chalandon, Dionysios Neofytos
Summary: Positive CMV serology in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (allo-HCTRs) may be false-positive due to transfusion-associated passive immunity. Reclassifying CMV status can help accurately assess the risk of CMV infection in these patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Markus J. Barten, Fausto Baldanti, Alexander Staus, Christian M. Hueber, Kyriaki Glynou, Andreas Zuckermann
Summary: This meta-analysis suggests that prophylactic CMVIG treatment in solid organ transplantation patients can reduce the risk of CMV infection. This is particularly beneficial for patients at high risk of CMV infection or disease.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Tomas Reischig, Tomas Vlas, Martin Kacer, Kristyna Pivovarcikova, Daniel Lysak, Jana Nemcova, Petr Drenko, Jana Machova, Mirko Bouda, Monika Sedivcova, Stanislav Kormunda
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of valganciclovir prophylaxis and preemptive therapy in preventing CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. The results showed that both regimens had similar effectiveness in preventing CMV disease, but preemptive therapy had a higher incidence of CMV DNAemia.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven B. Kleiboeker
Summary: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant human pathogen, with low but impactful prevalence of drug resistance mutations. In this study, 30.04% of patient samples showed resistance to one or more anti-CMV drugs, with most resistance mutations found in UL97. Rapid monitoring for resistance in suspected cases allows for tailored treatment based on objective results instead of empirical drug selection.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hannah Imlay, Marilyn M. Wagener, Philip Vutien, James Perkins, Nina Singh, Ajit P. Limaye
Summary: This study showed an increasing trend of cytomegalovirus (CMV) donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+R-) serostatus among adult solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in the United States. The proportion of high-risk CMV D+R- SOTs increased significantly across all organs and is projected to continue to increase. These findings highlight the importance of population-level strategies to mitigate the negative impact of CMV D+R- in SOT.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Fareed Khawaja, Amy Spallone, Camille N. Kotton, Roy F. Chemaly
Summary: This article reviews current and emerging CMV antiviral drugs and discusses future perspectives in the field. Despite advancements, there is still a significant need for effective and well-tolerated therapies.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lauren E. Higdon, Claire E. Gustafson, Xuhuai Ji, Malaya K. Sahoo, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Kenneth B. Margulies, Holden T. Maecker, Jorg Goronzy, Jonathan S. Maltzman
Summary: Immune function changes with age, and infection with CMV accelerates these changes, resulting in increased mortality and impaired responses in elderly individuals. Following organ transplantation, CMV+ recipients show accelerated aging of CD8 T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)