Article
Pediatrics
Laura Galante, Clare M. Reynolds, Amber M. Milan, Tanith Alexander, Frank H. Bloomfield, David Cameron-Smith, Shikha Pundir, Mark H. Vickers
Summary: This study found that perinatal factors are associated with human milk composition throughout lactation, impacting long-term infant growth. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of these changes on infant outcomes.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Parul Singh, Noora Al Mohannadi, Selvasankar Murugesan, Fajr Almarzooqi, Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Alexandra Katharina Marr, Tomoshige Kino, Tobias Brummaier, Annalisa Terranegra, Rose McGready, Francois Nosten, Damien Chaussabel, Souhaila Al Khodor
Summary: This study investigated the microbial communities in breast milk of mothers with preterm deliveries and found that the microbial communities became increasingly diverse and distinct as the breast milk matured. There were significant differences in the community structures between preterm and term breast milk samples. This study highlights the significant influence of pregnancy-related complications on the composition and diversity of breast milk microbiota, paving the way for improving maternal and infant health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gemma Sullivan, Kadi Vaher, Manuel Blesa, Paola Galdi, David Q. Stoye, Alan J. Quigley, Michael J. Thrippleton, John Norrie, Mark E. Bastin, James P. Boardman
Summary: High breast milk exposure in preterm infants is associated with a cortical imaging phenotype that resembles that of term-born infants, and this effect appears to be dose-dependent.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Veronique Demers-Mathieu, Robert K. Huston, Andi M. Markell, Elizabeth A. McCulley, Rachel L. Martin, David C. Dallas
Summary: The study found that pertussis-specific antibodies in mother's breast milk remained stable during infant digestion, while anti-pertussis IgA and IgG from donor breast milk decreased in gastric contents. The constant and variable regions of antibodies, along with maternal immunization, appear to be critical for their stability to proteolytic digestion and pasteurization.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Claire L. Granger, Christopher A. Lamb, Nicholas D. Embleton, Lauren C. Beck, Andrea C. Masi, Jeremy M. Palmer, Christopher J. Stewart, Janet E. Berrington
Summary: The study found that total IgA and secretory IgA in preterm mothers' milk were highest in colostrum, decreasing over 3 weeks with minimal impact from gestation. IgA was detected in infant stool in the first week for breast milk-fed infants, while formula-fed infants did not show detectable levels until the third week. Handling processes halved IgA levels available to infants.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chuncui Huang, Yue Lu, Lin Kong, Zhendong Guo, Keli Zhao, Zheng Xiang, Xinyue Ma, Huanyu Gao, Yongfang Liu, Zhongmin Gao, Lijuan Xu, Wengang Chai, Yan Li, Yao Zhao
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important for protecting infants from infections, especially for preterm infants. However, there is limited research on the specific differences in HMOs as a function of gestation time. In this study, we established an approach to analyze HMOs and found that the composition and relative abundance of HMOs changed with postpartum age, with significant differences in HMOs secreted at different postpartum times.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Li-Lian Chen, Jie Liu, Xiao-He Mu, Xi-Yang Zhang, Chuan-Zhong Yang, Xiao-Yun Xiong, Mei-Qi Wang
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oropharyngeal mother's milk administration on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in preterm infants fed by gastric tube. The results showed that oropharyngeal mother's milk administration can improve the salivary sIgA levels of preterm infants.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Arunambika Chinnappan, Akash Sharma, Ramesh Agarwal, Anu Thukral, Ashok Deorari, M. Jeeva Sankar
Summary: This study compared fortification of expressed breast milk using preterm formula powder and human milk fortifier in very low birth weight neonates. The results showed that fortification with preterm formula powder was not inferior to fortification with human milk fortifiers in terms of weight gain, and had lower incidence of feed intolerance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Reka A. Vass, Gabriella Kiss, Edward F. Bell, Robert D. Roghair, Attila Miseta, Jozsef Bodis, Simone Funke, Tibor Ertl
Summary: Pituitary hormones like prolactin and luteinizing hormone were found to be higher in breast milk from mothers of preterm infants compared to term infants. Infant formulas have higher total protein content but do not contain detectable levels of pituitary hormones.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ga-Hyun Son, Jae-Jun Lee, Youngmi Kim, Keun-Young Lee
Summary: The article describes the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in preterm births (PTBs), focusing on the changes of AMPs in the development of the disease, and proposing new perspectives on the role of AMPs in PTB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yasuyuki Negishi, Yoshio Shima, Masahiko Kato, Tomoko Ichikawa, Hajime Ino, Yumi Horii, Shunji Suzuki, Rimpei Morita
Summary: Preterm birth is a common complication during pregnancy and has a significant impact on neonatal health. It can be caused by both infections and sterile inflammation. Sterile inflammation, induced by cellular damage, triggers an inflammatory response and has been associated with various pregnancy complications.
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Carlo Dani, Caterina Coviello, Simona Montano, Giulia Remaschi, Chiara Petrolini, Maria Chiara Strozzi, Elena Maggiora, Miriam Sabatini, Diego Gazzolo
Summary: Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the study found that mother's own milk feeding had minimal impact on splanchnic oxygenation, while preterm formula feeding led to a persistent decrease in splanchnic oxygenation. Fortified human milk feeding transiently increased splanchnic energy expenditure.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Agata Witczak, Anna Pohorylo, Hassan Abdel-Gawad
Summary: The study assessed the safety of infants related to endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in breast milk. It was found that certain dietary habits of pregnant mothers could affect the levels of OCP compounds in breast milk. The consumption of specific food products, such as pork, beef, poultry, eggs, and dairy, was linked to increased pesticide residues in breast milk.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Safiyyah Abbas, Amy K. Keir, Maria Makrides, Laura D. Klein, Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Andrew J. McPhee, Alice R. Rumbold
Summary: NEC is a devastating disease affecting preterm infants, and HMOs are emerging as a potential preventive therapy. However, there are challenges in tailoring HMO delivery to preterm infants and further research is needed to understand the benefits and long-term effects of oligosaccharide supplementation.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
N. Scholten, L. Mause, D. Horenkamp-Sonntag, M. Klein, T. Dresbach
Summary: There are still deficits in lactation initiation and provision of human milk for very low birth weight infants in neonatal intensive care units in Germany, resulting in a significant proportion of infants receiving formula feeding during their hospital stay.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Shripada Rao, Meera Esvaran, Liwei Chen, Chooi Kok, Anthony D. Keil, Ian Gollow, Karen Simmer, Bernd Wemheuer, Patricia Conway, Sanjay Patole
Summary: This article presents a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) that demonstrates the positive effects of probiotic supplementation in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions. The supplementation attenuates gut dysbiosis, increases levels of short-chain fatty acids in stool, and improves the growth of head circumference. The article also provides evidence-based guidelines for the design of future multicenter RCTs in this field.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Anita L. Esquerra-Zwiers, Carly Mulder, Lauren Czmer, Anastasia Perecki, Emilie Dykstra Goris, Ching Tat Lai, Donna Geddes
Summary: This study investigated the associations between day 10 postpartum secretory activation biomarkers and breastfeeding outcomes. The results showed that elevated sodium levels and sodium: potassium ratio were related to insufficient milk supply, indicating that these biomarkers can be used to identify lactation compromise and improve breastfeeding duration.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lisa F. Stinson, Jie Ma, Azhar S. Sindi, Donna T. Geddes
Summary: Human milk microbiome research faces technical challenges such as sample collection, DNA extraction and sequencing, viability, and contamination. This study analyzes various methodological approaches to provide recommendations for robust and reproducible analysis of the human milk microbiome.
Article
Microbiology
Lisa F. Stinson, Donna T. Geddes, Lucy L. Furfaro
Summary: Human milk is the best nutrition source for infants and contains bioactive compounds and microorganisms. Pasteurization and UV-C irradiation are both used to prevent pathogen transmission, but UV-C may be more effective in eliminating potential phages that could affect infant gut colonization. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of pasteurization methods on bacteriophage titres in human milk.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
C. McLeod, J. Ramsay, K. L. Flanagan, M. Plebanski, H. Marshall, M. Dymock, J. Marsh, M. J. Estcourt, U. Wadia, P. C. M. Williams, M. C. Tjiam, C. Blyth, K. Subbarao, S. Nicholson, S. Faust, R. B. Thornton, A. Mckenzie, T. L. Snelling, P. Richmond
Summary: PICOBOO is a flexible platform trial designed to assess the effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Australia. The modular and hierarchical protocol structure aims to standardize research processes and minimize duplication, allowing for agility in responding to new research questions.
Article
Immunology
Thomas Benfield, Mika Ramet, Piero Valentini, Ilkka Seppa, Ron Dagan, Peter Richmond, Swati Mercer, Clay Churchill, Robert Lupinacci, Richard McFetridge, Jun Park, Frederick Wittke, Natalie Banniettis, Luwy Musey, Kara Bickham, Janusz Kaminski
Summary: This phase III study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, in healthy infants. Results showed that V114 demonstrated non-inferior immune responses to 13 shared serotypes and superior immune responses to additional serotypes 22F and 33F, compared with PCV13. The two-dose primary series plus toddler dose of V114 was well-tolerated in healthy infants.
Article
Immunology
Federico Martinon-Torres, Jacek Wysocki, Leszek Szenborn, Alfonso Carmona-Martinez, Airi Poder, Ron Dagan, Peter Richmond, Christopher Gilbert, Marie-Chantale Trudel, Sheryl Flores, Robert Lupinacci, Richard McFetridge, Richard T. Wiedmann, Qiuxu Chen, Han Gerrits, Natalie Banniettis, Luwy Musey, Kara Bickham, Janusz Kaminski
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of V114 and PCV13 in healthy infants. The results showed that V114 elicited immune responses to 13 shared serotypes comparable to PCV13, and had superior responses to two additional serotypes. These findings support the routine use of V114 in infants.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabella Norrish, Azhar Sindi, Vanessa S. Sakalidis, Ching Tat Lai, Jacki L. McEachran, Mya Thway Tint, Sharon L. Perrella, Mark P. Nicol, Zoya Gridneva, Donna T. Geddes
Summary: Human milk provides essential elements for infant growth and development. Recent studies have found associations between the intake of human milk components and infant body composition, which may explain the reduced risk of childhood obesity among breastfed infants. However, quantifying the infant's actual intake of milk components is crucial for understanding these relationships.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yue C. Wu, Steven Mascaro, Mejbah Bhuiyan, Parveen A. Fathima, Ariel Mace, Mark L. Nicol, Peter Richmond, Lea-Ann Kirkham, Michael A. Dymock, David L. Foley, Charlie C. McLeod, Meredith E. Borland, Andrew V. Martin, Phoebe C. M. E. Williams, Julie V. Marsh, Thomas E. Snelling, Christopher E. Blyth
Summary: This study developed a causal Bayesian network model to predict the causative pathogen for pediatric pneumonia. The model demonstrated reliable diagnostic performance and aid in antibiotic treatment decisions. This research provides a novel approach to addressing the challenges in diagnosing and treating pneumonia.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Syaza Y. Binte Abu Y. Bakar, Malinda Salim, Andrew J. Clulow, Susanne Seibt, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer, Donna T. Geddes, Kevin R. Nicholas, Ben J. Boyd
Summary: Colostrum provides essential bioactive components for the infant gut microbiota colonization and preventing infectious diseases. However, substitutes are urgently needed for premature infants when colostrum is unavailable. This study aimed to design an appropriate lipid component for a colostrum substitute and evaluate its ability to reduce inflammation in intestinal cells. Analysis showed that the digestion of colostrum and the substitute mixtures had similar lipid profiles but exhibited subtle differences in self-assembly behavior. Bifidobacteria cultured on the substitute mixtures modulated the biological markers of necrotizing enterocolitis, suggesting the potential of these substitutes in reducing the characteristics associated with this disease.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mohinder Sarna, Amanuel Gebremedhin, Peter Richmond, Avram Levy, Kathryn Glass, Hannah C. Moore
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of illness and death in infants worldwide. By analyzing pre-pandemic RSV testing data and hospital admission data, a statistical prediction model was used to estimate RSV-hospitalizations in infants under 1 year old. The highest incidence rate of RSV-hospitalization in infants under 6 months was found in those born in April/May.
Article
Immunology
Christopher C. Blyth, Parveen Fathima, Rebecca Pavlos, Peter Jacoby, Olivia Pavy, Elizabeth Geelhoed, Peter C. Richmond, Paul Effler, Hannah C. Moore
Summary: The study found that increasing childhood influenza vaccine coverage can significantly reduce influenza cases and healthcare costs. For children under 5 years old, every 10% increase in vaccine coverage saves over AU$1.5 million in costs. Including primary-school aged children in the vaccination program results in additional benefits, with every 10% increase in coverage reducing cases, presentations, hospitalisations, and saving approximately AU$4 million in net costs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
David E. Bloom, Paolo Bonanni, Federico Martinon-Torres, Peter C. Richmond, Marco A. P. Safadi, David M. Salisbury, Apostolos Charos, Katharina Schley, Jamie Findlow, Paul Balmer
Summary: The global landscape of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with decreased incidence rates due to mitigation measures. However, some countries have experienced an increase in IMD cases and rates that may exceed pre-pandemic levels. Other concerns include vaccination coverage gaps, increased incidence of other respiratory pathogens, immunity debt, and increased variability in IMD epidemiology.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Eman M. A. Alenezi, Monique Robinson, Elizabeth J. Mckinnon, Samuel D. Calder, Tamara Veselinovic, Peter C. Richmond, Robert H. Eikelboom, Christopher G. Brennan-Jones
Summary: This longitudinal cohort study aims to investigate the impact of early childhood ventilation tube insertion (VTI) on long-term language outcomes. The results show that children who received VTI in early childhood had lower scores in language outcomes during school age, suggesting a potential long-term risk.
CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
