Article
Orthopedics
Kenzie B. Friesen, Regan E. Shaw, David M. Shannon, Jeffrey R. Dugas, James R. Andrews, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: This study examined the relationship between trunk compensatory kinematics during the single-leg squat and kinematics at foot contact during the windmill pitch. The results showed that additional trunk rotation and trunk flexion during the single-leg squat were associated with increased knee valgus and trunk flexion at foot contact of the pitch, indicating poor lumbopelvic-hip complex stability during the softball pitch and potential for injury risk.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Justin J. Greiner, Cameron A. Trotter, Brian E. Walczak, Scott J. Hetzel, Geoffrey S. Baer
Summary: Noncompliance with Pitch Smart guidelines in tournament settings occurred in more than 90% of teams and almost half of all pitchers. Factors associated with noncompliance included younger pitcher age, high-volume pitching, and pitching in multiple consecutive games. Education of tournament directors, coaches, parents, and athletes regarding pitching guidelines is warranted in order to limit the risk of injury.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Joseph E. Manzi, Kyle N. Kunze, Jennifer A. Estrada, Brittany Dowling, Kathryn D. McElheny, Joshua S. Dines, James B. Carr
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of different pitch count limits and rest day requirements on the total number of pitches in high school baseball. The results show that pitch count rules vary widely by state, and required rest days have a greater influence on seasonal pitch totals than maximum or submaximum pitch count limits.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Brandon J. Erickson, Eric N. Bowman, Christopher Camp, Michael T. Freehill, Matthew V. Smith, Nicholas Serio, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Karch Smith, Peter N. Chalmers
Summary: Most high school pitchers did not fully comply with the current Pitch Smart guidelines, and they tended to overestimate their peak velocity. Pitchers with higher velocity had a higher risk of violating the guidelines.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Brandon J. Erickson, Paul Buchheit, Joseph Rauch, Rob Segedin, Michael G. Ciccotti, Steven B. Cohen
Summary: This study reports the number of hidden pitches thrown per game and over the course of a season for a single MLB organization. The results showed that players who threw more hidden pitches were not at an increased risk of injury compared with those who threw fewer hidden pitches.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Larisa Gomaz, Celine Bouwmeester, Erik van der Graaff, Bart van Trigt, Dirkjan Veeger
Summary: The integration of wearable devices and sports routines has transformed the traditional approach to athletes' training and performance monitoring. This study presents a machine learning approach based on wearable sensors to classify pitch types using pelvis and trunk kinematic data.
Article
Orthopedics
Tetsuya Matsuura, Yuki Takata, Toshiyuki Iwame, Jyoji Iwase, Kenji Yokoyama, Shoichiro Takao, Susumu Nishio, Kokichi Arisawa, Koichi Sairyo
Summary: The study found that limiting pitch count is more effective in reducing elbow pain and range of motion deficits compared to limiting the number of innings pitched for youth baseball pitchers. However, this method may not be effective in reducing the risk of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Aidan R. W. Friederich, Musa L. Audu, Ronald J. Triolo
Summary: Feedback control using accelerometers in functional neuromuscular stimulation can enhance daily function and seated stability for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). This study presents a method for calibrating multiple randomly oriented accelerometers and fusing their signals to measure trunk orientation. The calibration results demonstrate high accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method.
Article
Sport Sciences
Garrett S. Bullock, Charles A. Thigpen, Gary S. Collins, Nigel K. Arden, Thomas K. Noonan, Michael J. Kissenberth, Ellen Shanley
Summary: This study found that starting pitchers have a higher risk of arm injury compared to relief pitchers, with a greater risk of shoulder injury and no significant difference in elbow injury risk.
JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Justin J. Greiner, Cameron A. Trotter, Tim A. McGuine, Brian E. Walczak, Geoffrey S. Baer
Summary: Youth softball pitchers throw a high volume of pitches and often pitch consecutive days. There is a disparity among pitchers on softball teams, with 40% of pitches thrown by one player and over 80% of pitches thrown by the top 3 pitchers. These high-volume pitchers may be engaging in unsustainable pitching practices that could increase the risk of injury.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ben E. W. Cousins, John G. Morris, Caroline Sunderland, Anthony M. Bennett, Golnaz Shahtahmassebi, Simon B. Cooper
Summary: This study examines the differences in match injury incidence among elite Rugby Union players on different playing surfaces. The results show that both hybrid and synthetic surfaces have significantly higher match injury incidence compared to natural grass. The odds of sustaining a contact injury are also increased on pitches with synthetic content. However, the severity of match injuries is not affected by the playing surface.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Kyle W. Wasserberger, Kenzie B. Friesen, Jessica L. Downs, Nicole M. Bordelon, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: Collegiate softball pitchers were found to have a more posteriorly tilted pelvis and more laterally flexed trunk toward the glove side during the windmill pitching motion, compared to youth pitchers.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shigetada Kudo, Yuji Mastuda, Toshimasa Yanai, Yoshihisa Sakurai
Summary: The study aimed to determine the contribution of upper trunk rotation to hand velocity in front crawl strokes and its association with stroke frequencies. It was found that upper trunk rotation significantly influenced hand velocity and was correlated with stroke frequency. This suggests that considering upper trunk rotation can enhance performance in swimming.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
W. Ben Kibler, Aaron Sciascia, J. T. Tokish, John D. Kelly, Stephen Thomas, James P. Bradley, Michael Reinold, Michael Ciccotti
Summary: The purpose of this paper is to provide updated information on disabled throwing shoulder (DTS) for sports healthcare specialists. A panel of experts worked together to reach consensus conclusions and summary findings regarding the pathomechanics and treatment of DTS, covering aspects such as internal impingement, labral injuries, surgical treatment, rehabilitation, and injury risk modification.
ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dong-Xu Huang, Ming-Xi Yang, Zhen-Min Jiang, Miao Chen, Kun Chang, Yong-Xin Zhan, Xu Gong
Summary: The healing process of a transected peripheral nerve trunk consists of angiogenesis, nerve fiber regeneration, and scarring. Nerve trunk healing and neuroma formation may share similar molecular mediators and regulations. Angiogenesis is necessary for nerve fiber regeneration at the site of nerve transection. Angiogenesis and nerve fiber regeneration have a positive correlation in the early stage, while scarring and nerve fiber regeneration show a negative correlation in the late phase. Anti-angiogenesis may suppress neuromas, and potential protocols are provided to test this hypothesis. The use of anti-angiogenic small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors is recommended for studying nerve transection injuries.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Gretchen D. Oliver, Jessica L. Downs, Kenzie B. Friesen, Michael G. Saper, Adam W. Anz, James R. Andrews
Summary: This study demonstrates a significant association between acute changes in the long head of the biceps tendon and pitching kinematics and kinetics in youth softball pitchers, especially in terms of biceps tendon longitudinal thickness, pitch speed, trunk rotation, and flexion changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Melinda Watts, Linda Bobo, Malcolm T. Whitehead, Thomas P. Dompier, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence of injuries in collegiate rodeo athletes during practice and competition. The results show a higher rate of injuries during competition compared to practice, but a greater number of injuries were reported during practice. This suggests that all college rodeo athletes can potentially benefit from available medical care.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Kenzie B. Friesen, Michael G. Saper, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: The study found that elbow kinetics and angular velocity, as well as trunk positioning at foot contact, are associated with peak throwing shoulder distraction force in high school softball pitchers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Germanna M. Barbosa, Larissa P. Ribeiro, Ana B. Nasser, Gretchen D. Oliver, Paula R. Camargo
Summary: This study examined the musculoskeletal adaptations in the shoulder complex of pediatric and adult tennis athletes, aiming to provide insights for preventive protocols and rehabilitation programs. The results showed differences in shoulder flexibility, scapular and clavicular position, and muscle strength between the two age groups. These findings contribute to a better understanding of biomechanical adaptations in the shoulder of amateur tennis athletes in different age groups.
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Nicole Bordelon, Kenzie Friesen, Anthony Fava, Hillary Plummer, Gretchen Oliver
Summary: This study found that peak elbow flexion does not influence shoulder distraction force or ball velocity during the acceleration phase of a windmill softball pitch. However, there is a significant and positive relationship between ball velocity and shoulder distraction force.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Anthony W. Fava, Jessica L. Downs Talmage, Hillary A. Plummer, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the drive-leg knee valgus angle during the windup and subsequent pitching mechanics. The results showed a significant relationship between the drive-leg knee valgus angle and drive-leg ground-reaction force (GRF) as well as pitching-elbow valgus moment at later stages of the pitching cycle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kenzie B. Friesen, Joel L. Lanovaz, Renato Moraes, Alison R. Oates
Summary: This study examined the attentional demands of haptic modalities during obstacle crossing and found that light touch walking resulted in less obstacle toe clearance. However, haptic modalities likely provide greater benefit than risk to users during obstacle crossing.
HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kenzie B. Friesen, Arnel Aguinaldo, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: This study examines the relationship between joint peak angular velocities and pitch velocity in softball pitchers, as well as the differences in joint angular velocities between high and healthy body-fat percentage groups.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Erin R. Pletcher, Kenzie B. Friesen, Gretchen D. Oliver, Mita Lovalekar, Keith Gorse, Takashi Nagai, Chris Connaboy
Summary: The study found that there were no significant differences in drive leg ground reaction force and rate of force development during windmill softball pitching, indicating that these factors may not significantly impact pitch velocity across different innings.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Anne F. M. J. de Swart, Bart van Trigt, Kyle Wasserberger, Marco J. M. Hoozemans, DirkJan H. E. J. Veeger, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: This study assessed the energy flow through the lower extremities during a baseball pitch using joint power analysis. The results showed that the leading leg mainly transfers energy upwards in a distal-to-proximal order, while the trailing leg generates most energy at the hip, driving the pitch.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Kenzie B. Friesen, Gretchen D. Oliver
Summary: The study aims to investigate the correlations between pitcher trunk and throwing arm girth with kinematics at ball release of the softball pitch. The results reveal that segment girth may affect pitch biomechanics, with greater girth associated with less horizontal abduction at ball release.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Gretchen D. Oliver, Anthony Fava, Billy Lozowski, Jason L. Zaremski, Kaila A. Holtz, Robert L. Bowers
Summary: This study aimed to determine the differences in hip rotational range of motion and strength based on the presence of throwing-arm pain and the type of throwing sport. The results showed no significant differences in hip range of motion, total arc of motion, and strength based on pain status or sport. Future research should focus on explaining the effects of hip characteristics on the throwing motion and its impact on throwing-arm health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)