Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW
Volume 30, Issue 7, Pages 3497-3513Publisher
EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1108/HFF-07-2019-0557
Keywords
Stability analysis; Dual solutions; Stretching; shrinking sheet; Hybrid nanofluid; Biaxial
Funding
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [GUP-2018153]
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
- Ministry of Education, Malaysia [PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0036]
- UEFISCDI of Romanian Ministry of Sciences
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the axisymmetric flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid over a permeable biaxial stretching/shrinking sheet. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 0.1 solid volume fraction of alumina (Al2O3) is fixed, then consequently, various solid volume fractions of copper (Cu) are added into the mixture with water as the base fluid to form Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid equations are converted to the similarity equations by using the similarity transformation. The bvp4c solver, which is available in the Matlab software is used for solving the similarity equations numerically. The numerical results for selected values of the parameters are presented in tabular and graphical forms, and are discussed in detail. Findings It is found that dual solutions exist up to a certain value of the stretching/shrinking and suction parameters. The critical value lambda(c) < 0 for the existence of the dual solutions decreases as nanoparticle volume fractions for copper increase. The temporal stability analysis is performed to analyze the stability of the dual solutions, and it is revealed that only one of them is stable and physically reliable. Originality/value The present problem is new, original with many important results for practical problems in the modern industry.
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