Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031039
Keywords
breast cancer; trastuzumab; chimeric antigen receptor; immunotherapy; cell therapy
Funding
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary [OTKA K119690, FK132773]
- European Regional Development Fund [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050]
- Deutsche Krebshilfe, Bonn, FRG
- Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology [UNKP-19-4-DE-167]
- European Union [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050]
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HER2 positive JIMT-1 breast tumors are resistant to trastuzumab treatment in vitro and develop resistance to trastuzumab in vivo in SCID mice. We explored whether these resistant tumors could still be eliminated by T cells redirected by a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing a CD28 costimulatory domain and targeting HER2 with a trastuzumab-derived scFv. In vitro, T cells engineered with this HER2 specific CAR recognized HER2 positive target cells as judged by cytokine production and cytolytic activity. In vivo, the administration of trastuzumab twice weekly had no effect on the growth of JIMT-1 xenografts in SCID mice. At the same time, a single dose of 2.5 million T cells from congenic mice exhibited a moderate xenoimmune response and even stable disease in some cases. In contrast, when the same dose contained 7% (175,000) CAR T cells, complete remission was achieved in 57 days. Even a reduced dose of 250,000 T cells, including only 17,500 CAR T cells, yielded complete remission, although it needed nearly twice the time. We conclude that even a small number of CAR T lymphocytes can evoke a robust anti-tumor response against an antibody resistant xenograft by focusing the activity of xenogenic T cells. This observation may have significance for optimizing the dose of CAR T cells in the therapy of solid tumors.
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