Review
Food Science & Technology
Ebru Melekoglu, F. Gulhan Samur
Summary: Chronic kidney disease is linked to changes in composition and function of gut microbiota. Dietary fiber restriction contributes to gut dysbiosis and formation of gut-derived uremic toxins.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Luis A. P. Silva, Stefano Campagnolo, Sara R. R. Fernandes, Sara S. S. Marques, Luisa Barreiros, Benedita Sampaio-Maia, Marcela A. Segundo
Summary: A rapid and sensitive HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous quantification of protein-bound uremic toxins in human plasma. The method showed good accuracy and precision, and was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from control subjects and CKD patients.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Rossella Di Paola, Ananya De, Raafiah Izhar, Marianna Abate, Silvia Zappavigna, Anna Capasso, Alessandra F. Perna, Antonella La Russa, Giovambattista Capasso, Michele Caraglia, Mariadelina Simeoni
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to the accumulation and production of uremic toxins, which activate harmful processes. Gut dysbiosis is common in CKD patients and promotes the growth of certain bacteria that release substances like p-Cresol, Indoxyl Sulfate, and p-Cresyl Sulfate. These substances play a role in chronic inflammation, free radical production, and immune dysfunction, potentially contributing to colon cancer development. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind this association.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maurice Tust, Julian Peter Mueller, Dietmar Fischer, Dirk Grundemann
Summary: Chronic kidney disease is a global health concern. This study investigates the transport mechanisms of uremic toxins, providing insights into potential treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Stacie Summers, Jessica Quimby, Jason Gagne, Michael Lappin
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of feeding healthy adult cats with variable protein concentrations on the fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of gut-derived toxins. The results showed that a high-protein diet increased the serum concentrations of p-cresol sulfate and decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut. This suggests that dietary protein concentration can affect the gut microbial community and toxin production.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Justyna Fryc, Beata Naumnik
Summary: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a higher risk of thromboembolic complications due to CKD-associated dysbiosis and the generation of gut microbial metabolites, which can induce a prothrombotic phenotype. These uremic toxins derived from gut microbiota metabolism of dietary components may enhance thrombosis through various mechanisms, serving as potential targets for preventing thromboembolic events and providing new therapeutic approaches for CKD patients.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Hendrik Boehler, Setareh Orth-Alampour, Constance Baaten, Maria Riedner, Joachim Jankowski, Tobias Beck
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of protein-based adsorbents for clearing uremic toxins, with enhanced adsorption capacity and maintained biocompatibility through functionalization.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ina Nemet, Masanori Funabashi, Xinmin S. Li, Mohammed Dwidar, Naseer Sangwan, Sarah M. Skye, Kymberleigh A. Romano, Tomas Cajka, Brittany D. Needham, Sarkis K. Mazmanian, Adeline M. Hajjar, Federico E. Rey, Oliver Fiehn, W. H. Wilson Tang, Michael A. Fischbach, Stanley L. Hazen
Summary: pCS and IS, gut microbiome-derived metabolites, are associated with cardiovascular disease risks and all-cause mortality. Microbial genes involved in the production of these metabolites can confer pro-thrombotic phenotype in vivo. Therapeutic targeting of gut microbial pathways may be a rational approach for CVD treatment.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karolina Swierczynska-Mroz, Danuta Nowicka-Suszko, Mariusz G. Fleszar, Paulina Fortuna, Piotr K. Krajewski, Magdalena Krajewska, Rafal Bialynicki-Birula, Jacek C. Szepietowski
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the possible contribution of free and total Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) and p-Cresol Sulfate (PCS) to the cause of CKD-aP. The results showed no significant difference in the serum levels of free and total IS, or PCS, between patients with and without CKD-aP, and no correlation between serum IS or PCS levels and the severity of the itch.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Fatima Guerrero, Andres Carmona, Maria Jose Jimenez, Teresa Obrero, Victoria Pulido, Juan Antonio Moreno, Sagrario Soriano, Alejandro Martin-Malo, Pedro Aljama
Summary: The study showed that uremic toxins cause accelerated aging in HUVECs, affecting their regenerative capacity and potential to form vascular structures. This phenomenon may contribute to endothelial dysfunction associated with CKD progression.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sara R. Fernandes, Luisa Barreiros, Benedita Sampaio-Maia, Manuel Miro, Marcela A. Segundo
Summary: Researchers have developed an automatic online analytical strategy based on micro-solid-phase extraction (μSPE) for quantification of the uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (INDS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS), in human plasma without prior chromatographic separation. The μSPE-BI-LOV-MS methodology demonstrated good linearity and sensitivity for the target analytes, allowing for successful analysis of plasma samples from healthy subjects and individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Witchayapon Kamprom, Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk, Sumana Mas-Oodi, Korrarit Anansilp, Manoch Rattanasompattikul, Aungkura Supokawej
Summary: Protein-bound uremic toxins like p-cresol and indoxyl sulfate inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, leading to impaired mineralization and down-regulation of collagen type I. This effect is partially mediated through the activation of senescence-associated genes, ultimately causing a gradual deterioration of osteogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sara R. Fernandes, Andreia N. Meireles, Sara S. Marques, Luis Silva, Luisa Barreiros, Benedita Sampaio-Maia, Manuel Miro, Marcela A. Segundo
Summary: This review addresses the monitoring and evaluation of protein-bound uremic retention solutes in biological fluids, such as indole-3-acetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol, and p-cresol sulfate, which have been associated with the development of kidney, cardiovascular, and bone toxicities. The review discusses conventional and advanced sample treatment procedures and chromatographic analytical methods for quantification of these compounds, with a particular focus on plasma, serum, and urine samples. There is a trend towards using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for analysis, requiring protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction, and/or dilution prior to sample analysis. Miniaturized methods using microplate devices are recommended for sustainability.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marcin Choroszy, Beata Sobieszczanska, Kamil Litwinowicz, Lukasz Laczmanski, Mateusz Chmielarz, Urszula Walczuk, Tomasz Roleder, Jadwiga Radziejewska, Magdalena Wawrzynska
Summary: This study investigated the role of gut dysbiosis in coronary arterial disease (CAD) development. The results showed that CAD patients exhibited gut dysbiosis, as well as elevated levels of bacterial metabolites LPS and indoxyl sulfate in their blood. Furthermore, LPS and indoxyl sulfate were found to have co-toxicity on endothelial cells and promote thrombogenicity. These findings suggest that increased intestinal permeability caused by gut dysbiosis may contribute to endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis progression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li-Ting Tsai, Te- Weng, Ting-Yu Chang, Kuo-Cheng Lan, Chih-Kang Chiang, Shing-Hwa Liu
Summary: The accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a key pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exposure to IS can induce ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation, impaired antioxidant system, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and lipid peroxidation. IS triggers intracellular iron accumulation and ROS generation, leading to the induction of ferroptosis, senescence, ER stress, and injury/fibrosis in CKD kidneys.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Myung-Gyu Kim, Kijoon Lim, Yoo Jin Lee, Jihyun Yang, Se Won Oh, Won Yong Cho, Sang-Kyung Jo
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jihyun Yang, Chan Johng Kim, Yoon Sook Go, Hee Young Lee, Myung-Gyu Kim, Se Won Oh, Won Yong Cho, Sin-Hyeog Im, Sang Kyung Jo
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jae Hyuk Yang, Seung Woo Suh, Dong-Gune Chang
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Se Won Oh, Ji Hyun Yang, Myung-Gyu Kim, Won Yong Cho, Sang Kyung Jo
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Young-Bin Son, Ji Hyun Yang, Myung-Gyu Kim, Sang Kyung Jo, Won Yong Cho, Se Won Oh
Summary: The study found that serum uric acid is positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, body mass index, and body fat percentage. Additionally, it is inversely associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and is an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. High levels of uric acid are also associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in individuals with normal kidney function.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jihyun Yang, Bong Gyun Sun, Hyeon-Jin Min, Young-Bin Son, Tae Bum Kim, Jonghyun Lee, Se Won Oh, Myung-Gyu Kim, Won Yong Cho, Shin Young Ahn, Gang-Jee Ko, Young Joo Kwon, Jin Joo Cha, Young Sun Kang, Dae Ryong Cha, Sang-Kyung Jo
Summary: Obstructive uropathy is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), with common causes being malignancy and urolithiasis. AKI has a negative impact on long-term outcomes, leading to progression to end-stage kidney disease and increased mortality rates.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yina Fang, Serhim Son, Jihyun Yang, Sewon Oh, Sang-Kyung Jo, Wonyong Cho, Myung-Gyu Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sleep disturbance, finding that sleep onset time was independently associated with the incidence of CKD, particularly in older individuals, women, and those with low body mass index and no comorbidities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yina Fang, Sang-Kyung Jo, Soo-Ji Park, Jihyun Yang, Yoon Sook Ko, Hee Young Lee, Se Won Oh, Won Yong Cho, Kyoungmi Kim, Gi Hoon Son, Myung-Gyu Kim
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the circadian clock and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results revealed that CKD mice exhibited altered expression of core clock genes and disrupted diurnal variations in renal functions and tubular transporter gene expression. Moreover, the study demonstrated that Bmal1 knockout mice developed more severe fibrosis and showed significant changes in genes associated with the cell cycle, inflammation, and fatty acid oxidation pathways. The study also found that time-restricted feeding (TRF) partially restored the disrupted oscillation of kidney clock genes, improved cell cycle arrest and inflammation, and decreased fibrosis in CKD mice, but this renoprotective effect was abolished in Bmal1 knockout mice, suggesting the partial dependence of TRF on the clock gene.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Young-Bin Son, Tae-Bum Kim, Hyeon-Jin Min, Jonghyun Lee, Jihyun Yang, Myung-Gyu Kim, Sang Kyung Jo, Won Yong Cho, Se Won Oh
Summary: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but life-threatening complication that mimics heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). This study reports a case of a patient receiving hemodialysis with heparin and developing thrombotic thrombocytopenia after vaccination. Treatment with anticoagulation and IVIG resolved the symptoms.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Hyeon-Jin Min, Jung-Soo Park, Jaeseok Yang, Jihyun Yang, Se Won Oh, Sang-Kyung Jo, Won Yong Cho, Jun Gyo Gwon, Cheol Woong Jung, Yang-Jo Seol, Shin-Young Park, Myung-Gyu Kim
Summary: This study suggests that periodontitis may affect transplant outcomes in kidney transplant recipients, including immune function and cardiovascular disease. However, further research is needed to determine if treating periodontitis can modify transplant outcomes.
KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Eunho Choi, Jihyun Yang, Geun-Eog Ji, Myeong Soo Park, Yeongje Seong, Se Won Oh, Myung Gyu Kim, Won Yong Cho, Sang Kyung Jo
Summary: This study found that probiotic supplementation can alleviate systemic inflammatory responses in dialysis patients, possibly by increasing the percentage of regulatory T cells and decreasing the number of proinflammatory monocytes. Therefore, targeting intestinal dysbiosis may be of great importance in reducing inflammation and cardiovascular risks in dialysis patients.
KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jihyun Yang, Geun Eog Ji, Myeong Soo Park, Yeong-Je Seong, Yoon Sook Go, Hee Young Lee, Yina Fang, Myung-Gyu Kim, Se Won Oh, Won Yong Cho, Sang-Kyung Jo
Summary: The study investigated the renoprotective effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 on acute kidney injury (AKI) and revealed that BGN4 significantly increased gut microbiome diversity, reduced AKI-induced dysbiosis, and induced Treg cell expansion. These findings suggest that BGN4 may mitigate AKI severity through immunomodulation, making probiotics a promising strategy for reducing AKI severity and remote organ injury.
KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Myung-Gyu Kim, Jihyun Yang, Sang-Kyung Jo
Summary: Microbial communities in the gut interact with the host physiology through symbiotic relationships, affecting health. These microbes play an important role in various kidney diseases by regulating multiple mechanisms, influencing disease onset and progression.
KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Tae Yeon Hwang, Myung Gyu Kim, Se Won Oh, Sang-Kyung Jo, Won-Yong Cho, Jihyun Yang
KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyunseo Kim, Sang Kyung Jo, Shin Young Ahn, Young Joo Kwon, Hajeong Lee, Jieun Oh, Ho Jun Chin, Kijoon Lim, Junyong Lee, Jihyun Yang, Myung-Gyu Kim, Won Yong Cho, Se Won Oh
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2020)