Article
Biology
Marshall A. Dalton, Arkiev D'Souza, Jinglei Lv, Fernando Calamante
Summary: A study used track-density imaging to examine anatomical connectivity between the human hippocampus and cortical areas. The results showed that specific regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the hippocampus are associated with different cortical inputs/outputs, and there are gradients and circumscribed areas of dense extrinsic anatomical connectivity within the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna Plachti, Robert D. Latzman, Somayeh Maleki Balajoo, Felix Hoffstaedter, Kathrine Skak Madsen, William Baare, Hartwig R. Siebner, Simon B. Eickhoff, Sarah Genon
Summary: By using Connectivity-Based Parcellation (CBP) method, this study examined the differentiation of hippocampal subregions during childhood and adolescence. The results showed that in late childhood, the hippocampus mainly differentiated along the anterior-posterior axis, while in adolescence, a differentiation along the medial-lateral axis was evident. Further analysis revealed that the hippocampal head is related to higher order functions in late childhood, while posterior subicular networks are associated with action-oriented and reward systems in early adolescence.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jin Li, Dan Cao, Vasileios Dimakopoulos, Weiyang Shi, Shan Yu, Lingzhong Fan, Lennart Stieglitz, Lukas Imbach, Johannes Sarnthein, Tianzi Jiang
Summary: This study recorded intracranial EEG from the anterior and posterior hippocampi in humans to investigate the involvement and functional connections of these subregions in working memory (WM) processing. The results showed elevated low-frequency activity and increased theta/alpha band phase synchronization between anterior and posterior subregions during WM maintenance. Correct WM trials were associated with unidirectional influence from the posterior to the anterior hippocampus, while WM errors were associated with bidirectional interactions between the two subregions. These findings suggest that theta/alpha band synchrony within the hippocampus supports successful WM via a posterior to anterior influence.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Stephanie Matijevic, Lee Ryan
Summary: The study found that age and sex have an impact on the cerebral white matter integrity of older adults, with a more significant effect on certain white matter tracts. Females exhibited lower global FA compared to males, but had higher MD in the anterior cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Age influenced both global FA and specific tract FA, while APOE epsilon 4 status did not show predictive power.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuwen Hung, Marlee Vandewouw, Zahra Emami, Sonya Bells, Nicole Rudberg, Leodante da Costa, Benjamin T. Dunkley
Summary: Using multi-modality imaging methods, this study found disruptions in brain-behavior interactions related to working memory in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), particularly in the hippocampal-prefrontal and amygdala circuits. These disruptions may leave mTBI patients vulnerable to increased environmental demands exerting memory resources, leading to cognitive and emotional psychopathologies.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helene Doerflinger, Vitaly Zimyanin, Daniel St Johnston
Summary: The polarity of the Drosophila anterior-posterior axis is established during mid-oogenesis through the activation of myosin and recruitment of Par-1. Unc-45 and non-muscle myosin II are required for polarity establishment, and di-phosphorylation of MRLC plays a crucial role in maintaining polarity. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of axis polarization in Drosophila oogenesis.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emma L. Ducca, Gabriela T. Gomez, Priya Palta, Kevin J. Sullivan, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Jeremy Walston, B. Gwen Windham, Keenan A. Walker
Summary: The study found a strong association between cerebral white matter structure and current and future frailty. Specifically, white matter hyperintensity volume was significantly associated with frailty. However, measures of white matter microstructure were not generally associated with progression from nonfrail to frail status.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Qingyuan Zhu, Jitao Ge, Ying Liu, Jia-Wen Xu, Shengyi Yan, Fan Zhou
Summary: We used single-cell transcriptome analysis to study the origin and specialization of distal visceral endoderm (DVE) and anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) in mouse blastocysts. We found that DVE and AVE independently originate from specialized primary endoderm and that AVE is also present in human and non-human primate embryos, indicating differences in polarity formation across species. Stem cell-assembled human blastoids lack DVE or AVE precursors, suggesting the potential to improve current embryo-like models by inducing stem cells with DVE/AVE potential.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yingjuan Wu, Abdur Raquib Ridwan, Mohammad Rakeen Niaz, Xiaoxiao Qi, Shengwei Zhang, David A. Bennett, Konstantinos Arfanakis
Summary: This study introduced an iterative method for constructing T1w and DTI templates of the older adult brain, demonstrating that more iterations improve the characteristics and spatial matching of the resulting templates. The templates generated by the proposed method provided better delineation of brain structures, higher discriminability between tissues, and higher image sharpness near the cortex compared to templates generated with approaches employing multichannel registration.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Steve Frisken, Trevor Anderson, Armin Segref, Dirk Lorenser, Grant Frisken
Summary: HP-OCT is a parallel spectral domain imaging technology that is well-suited for imaging the anterior segment of the eye. This study demonstrates that sparsely sampled volumes can be registered without active eye tracking to produce motion artifact-free 3D volumes. The anterior volume provides comprehensive 3D biometric information, including lens position, curvature, epithelial thickness, tilt, and axial length. Moreover, by changing a detachable lens, high-resolution anterior volumes and posterior volume images for preoperative assessment of the posterior segment can be captured. Importantly, the retinal volumes have the same Nyquist range as the anterior imaging mode.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Heekyung Lee, Zitong Wang, Scott L. Zeger, Michela Gallagher, James J. Knierim
Summary: Research suggests that there is a difference in neural activity along the transverse axis of the CA3 region in aged rats, which may lead to an imbalance between pattern separation and pattern completion, affecting the flexibility of representations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jiyoon Yoo, Leevi Kerkela, Patrick W. Hales, Kiran K. Seunarine, Christopher A. Clark
Summary: This study successfully implemented a multidimensional diffusion-encoding protocol to image the microstructure of the healthy hippocampus at high resolution, revealing orientation dispersion in hippocampal tissue. The reproducibility of q-space trajectory imaging metrics was comparable to DTI, providing reference values for microstructural metrics in the healthy hippocampus.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Donnie Cameron, David A. Reiter, Fatemeh Adelnia, Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien, Christopher M. Bergeron, Seongjin Choi, Kenneth W. Fishbein, Richard G. Spencer, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) can objectively measure muscle characteristics and provide insights into age-related changes. In this study, DT-MRI was used to examine the microstructure and architecture of skeletal muscle in a large healthy aging cohort. The results showed age-related differences in muscle structure and differences in microstructure among different muscles.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeong-Pyo Seo, Heun Jae Ryu
Summary: Using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), this study explored the aging of the mesolibic tract (MLT) in normal human participants and found a significant negative correlation between age and the voxel number (VN) of MLT, as well as a positive correlation between age and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Aging of MLT was observed to begin in the 20s or 30s and steadily progress throughout life until significant degeneration occurred in the 60s. This may play a role in the decline of memory and social interaction with aging in normal participants.
Editorial Material
Biology
Bryan A. Strange
Summary: A new study reveals the connectivity between various regions of the human cortex and the hippocampus, providing insights into the functional organization of this structure.
Article
Neurosciences
James M. Roe, Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Markus H. Sneve, Kristiina Kompus, Douglas N. Greve, Kristine B. Walhovd, Anders M. Fjell, Rene Westerhausen
Article
Neurosciences
Rene Westerhausen, Anders M. Fjell, Kristiina Kompus, Steven J. Schapiro, Chet C. Sherwood, Kristine B. Walhovd, William D. Hopkins
Summary: By comparing the morphology of the corpus callosum in chimpanzees and humans, the study found that the accentuated decline of the corpus callosum in aging humans is not a universal characteristic of brain aging, but rather specific to humans.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Anders M. Fjell, Oystein Sorensen, Inge K. Amlien, David Bartres-Faz, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Nikolaus Buchmann, Ilja Demuth, Christian A. Drevon, Sandra Duezel, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Paolo Ghisletta, Ane-Victoria Idland, Tim C. Kietzmann, Rogier A. Kievit, Simone Kuehn, Ulman Lindenberger, Fredrik Magnussen, Didac Macia, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Lars Nyberg, Claire E. Sexton, Cristina Sole-Padulles, Sara Pudas, James M. Roe, Donatas Sederevicius, Sana Suri, Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Gerd Wagner, Leiv Otto Watne, Rene Westerhausen, Eniko Zsoldos, Kristine B. Walhovd
Summary: The study found that self-reported sleep quality and sleep disturbances were associated with thinning of the right lateral temporal cortex, with this association becoming more pronounced with age. Sleep disturbances were particularly evident after 60 years, especially in regions with high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Markus H. Sneve, Inge K. Amlien, Hakon Grydeland, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, James M. Roe, Oystein Sorensen, Lars H. Nyberg, Kristine B. Walhovd, Anders M. Fjell
Summary: It is suggested that specific forms of cognition in older age rely largely on late-life specific mechanisms. However, using task-fMRI, researchers found that the functional foundations of successful episodic memory encoding adhere to a principle of lifespan continuity, with no evidence of age-specific mechanisms. The study provides novel support for a broader perspective on memory aging that considers maintenance and decay of episodic memory throughout life rather than just in old age.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rune Boen, Lia Ferschmann, Nandita Vijayakumar, Knut Overbye, Anders M. Fjell, Thomas Espeseth, Christian K. Tamnes
Summary: Human cognitive development is complex, with attention playing a crucial role in different functions such as conflict processing, selection of sensory input, and alertness. This study explored the development of attentional components across late childhood to young adulthood, revealing that executive control stabilizes during late adolescence while orienting and alerting continue to develop into young adulthood. Additionally, certain attentional scores were associated with cortical thickness and age-related cortical thinning in specific brain regions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiangming Sun, Yunpeng Wang, Lasse Folkersen, Yan Borne, Inge Amlien, Alfonso Buil, Marju Orho-Melander, Anders D. Borglum, David M. Hougaard, Olle Melander, Gunnar Engstrom, Thomas Werge, Kasper Lage, Luca Andrea Lotta, Marcus Jones, Aris Baras
Summary: The study introduces a machine learning method, Mondrian Cross-Conformal Prediction (MCCP), that can report disease status conditional probability value at the individual level, providing a potential for personalized genetic risk predictions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Anders Martin Fjell, Hakon Grydeland, Yunpeng Wang, Inge K. Amlien, David Bartres-Faz, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Sandra Duzel, Jeremy Elman, Carol E. Franz, Asta K. Haberg, Tim C. Kietzmann, Rogier Andrew Kievit, William S. Kremen, Stine K. Krogsrud, Simone Kuhn, Ulman Lindenberger, Didac Macia, Athanasia Monika Mowinckel, Lars Nyberg, Matthew S. Panizzon, Cristina Sole-Padulles, Oystein Sorensen, Rene Westerhausen, Kristine Beate Walhovd
Summary: The development and aging of the cerebral cortex are governed by the same genes and show similar topographic organization. This study found that genetically governed neurodevelopmental processes can be traced throughout life, with brain regions that develop together continuing to change together. The coordination of subcortical change adheres to fundamental principles of lifespan continuity and genetic organization.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Stine K. Krogsrud, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Donatas Sederevicius, Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Inge K. Amlien, Yunpeng Wang, Oystein Sorensen, Kristine B. Walhovd, Anders M. Fjell
Summary: Working memory capacity changes significantly throughout life, with improvements during childhood and adolescence but decline in older age mainly attributed to reductions in passive storage capacity. Greater WM function during development is associated with apparent thinner cortex, a relationship also observed in young adults. These WM-thickness relationships cannot be explained by SNP-based co-heritability or socioeconomic status, suggesting the need for larger samples with genetic information to unravel true gene-environment effects.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Isabelle Budin-Ljosne, Barbara B. Friedman, William F. C. Baare, David Bartres-Faz, Rebecca B. Carver, Christian A. Drevon, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Anders M. Fjell, Paolo Ghisletta, Richard N. Henson, Rogier Kievit, Kathrine S. Madsen, Laura Nawijn, Sana Suri, Cristina Sole-Padulles, Kristine B. Walhovd, Eniko Zsoldos
Summary: The involvement of stakeholders in the "Lifebrain" project was seen as meaningful and relevant, benefiting both researchers and stakeholders. However, there were barriers such as lack of time, difficulties in identifying relevant stakeholders, and challenges in communicating scientific issues. Stakeholder engagement in basic brain research requires dedicated resources, clear communication, and defined roles and responsibilities.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mengyu Pan, James M. Roe, Ron Nudel, Andrew J. Schork, Olena Iakunchykova, Anders M. Fjell, Kristine B. Walhovd, Thomas Werge, Chi-hua Chen, Michael E. Benros, Yunpeng Wang
Summary: The levels of S100B, a marker of astrocytes, have been associated with the risk of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, especially depression and bipolar disorder. Using Mendelian Randomization, researchers found possible causal associations between S100B levels and these disorders in newborns and older adults. These findings may have implications for the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Anders M. Fjell, Oystein Sorensen, Yunpeng Wang, Inge K. Amlien, William F. C. Baare, David Bartres-Faz, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Ilja Demuth, Christian A. Drevon, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Paolo Ghisletta, Rogier Kievit, Simone Kuehn, Kathrine Skak Madsen, Lars Nyberg, Cristina Sole-Padulles, Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Gerd Wagner, Leiv Otto, Kristine B. Walhovd
Summary: A study found that some people can sleep less than the recommended amount without experiencing daytime sleepiness. These individuals showed larger brain volumes and did not report any sleep problems. However, their performance on general cognitive tests was slightly lower and warrants further investigation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Anders M. Fjell, Oystein Sorensen, Yunpeng Wang, Inge K. Amlien, William F. C. Baare, David Bartres-Faz, Lars Bertram, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Ilja Demuth, Christian A. Drevon, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Paolo Ghisletta, Rogier Kievit, Simone Kuehn, Kathrine Skak Madsen, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Lars Nyberg, Claire E. Sexton, Cristina Sole-Padulles, Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Gerd Wagner, Leiv Otto Watne, Kristine B. Walhovd
Summary: Short sleep duration is not directly associated with brain health, and normal brains promote adequate sleep.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jacob Espenes, Ingrid Myrvoll Lorentzen, Ingvild Vollo Eliassen, Erik Hessen, Knut Waterloo, Santiago Timon-Reina, Tormod Fladby, Kristine B. Walhovd, Anders M. Fjell, Bjorn-Eivind Kirsebom
Summary: This study developed norms for the D-KEFS CWIT subtests in a sample of 1011 Norwegians aged 20 to 85. The results showed that age, sex, and education had significant effects on test performance, indicating that the American D-KEFS norms may not be accurate for the Norwegian population.
CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
(2023)