News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra Witze
Summary: Unprecedented temperatures are arriving faster and more intensely than anticipated by researchers, giving rise to questions about future expectations.
Article
Ecology
Andres Baeza, Roberta E. Martin, Nathan L. Stephenson, Adrian J. Das, Paul Hardwick, Koren Nydick, Jeff Mallory, Michele Slaton, Kirk Evans, Gregory P. Asner
Summary: The study assessed the vulnerability of giant sequoia populations in California to drought, finding that some trees are at high risk of drought stress. By analyzing temporal trends and generating vulnerability risk maps, forest managers can identify vulnerable giant sequoias or locations of refugia to prepare for future droughts.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoo-Geun Ham, Jeong-Hwan Kim, Seung-Ki Min, Daehyun Kim, Tim Li, Axel Timmermann, Malte F. Stuecker
Summary: This study demonstrates that deep learning can successfully detect climate change signals in observed precipitation fields. Although long-term shifts in annual mean precipitation are indiscernible from natural variability, global warming has already had a significant impact on daily precipitation fluctuations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin D. Santer, Stephen Po-Chedley, Lilong Zhao, Cheng-Zhi Zou, Qiang Fu, Susan Solomon, David W. J. Thompson, Carl Mears, Karl E. Taylor
Summary: In 1967, scientists predicted that human-caused increases in CO2 would warm Earth's troposphere and cool the stratosphere. This prediction has been confirmed by temperature measurements, showing stratospheric cooling and tropospheric warming. However, the temperatures in the mid to upper stratosphere have not been used in attribution studies of climate change until now. This study used satellite-derived patterns of temperature change and found that including information from the mid to upper stratosphere greatly improves the detection of the human fingerprint on climate change.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Martin Hoerling, Lesley Smith, Xiao-Wei Quan, Jon Eischeid, Joseph Barsugli, Henry F. Diaz
Summary: The observed trends in annual maximum 1-day precipitation in the United States over the past century show significant regional differences, with increases in the East and decreases in the West, contrary to the overall observed increases in precipitable water. The study found that climate change drivers have different impacts on RX1day events across the United States, with intensity increases in the East but little change in the West. The lack of appreciable RX1day signals in the West is likely due to dynamical effects of climate change forcing, whereas the significant increases in the East are more likely a result of a combination of internal atmospheric processes and moderate climate change signals.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Linda M. Keller, Kathryn J. Maloney, Matthew A. Lazzara, David E. Mikolajczyk, Stefano Di Battista
Summary: This study examines the characteristics and duration of extreme cold events at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station. Significant trends and correlations were found, but there were also cases where the trends were not statistically significant. Additionally, climate patterns that could potentially lead to extreme cold events were identified.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Song, Wei Luo, Yuejian Wang, Changqing Jin
Summary: Pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic parameter that can significantly alter the structure and properties of materials, leading to advancements in various disciplines and influencing the development of new materials and pharmaceuticals. High-pressure studies have the potential to further enhance our understanding of materials' behavior under extreme conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jun Yan, Guowen Qi, Bin Kang, Xiaohuan Wu, Huaping Liu
Summary: This study proposes a new localization technique using only received signal strength indicator fingerprints for multifloor environments. By preprocessing data and utilizing multiple ELM models, the efficiency of the technique is maximized. The offline phase uses individual ELMs to generate classification functions for floor-level data and regression functions for position data, while the online phase refines the estimates for floor and position using these functions.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Alessandro Filazzola, Stephen F. Matter, J. Scott MacIvor
Summary: The review article provides a synthesis of the impact of extreme climate events on insect biodiversity, emphasizing the need for further research on the effects of extreme events on non-trophic interactions, population dynamics, and community functional traits. It highlights the importance of understanding the sensitivity and resilience of individuals, populations, and communities to climate extremes in order to mitigate the loss of insect biodiversity and ecosystem services.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
S. E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, D. A. Stone, D. M. Mitchell, S. Rosier, A. D. King, Y. T. E. Lo, J. Pastor-Paz, D. Frame, M. Wehner
Summary: Investigations into the role of anthropogenic climate change in extreme weather events need to carefully consider methodological choices to avoid misinterpretation. The anthropogenic signal behind weather events may differ from the signal behind the impact system, and it is important to assess impacts in addition to meteorological events due to lags and nonlinearities.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaoming Sun, Guiling Wang
Summary: Negative scaling, a decrease of extreme precipitation at high temperature, is primarily caused by the impact of high temperature-induced saturation deficit on precipitation over land and storm-induced temperature variations over the ocean. A large saturation deficit reduces precipitation intensity by slowing down the convective updraft condensation rate and accelerating condensate evaporation. This mechanism can contribute to increased compound drought and heat events.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jia-Rui Shi, Susan E. Wijffels, Young-Oh Kwon, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: Based on pattern recognition analysis, researchers have found that anthropogenic aerosols have a distinct influence on ocean heat content in specific regions and time periods, primarily in the lower latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere and over a 20-year or longer period.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
John Turner, Hua Lu, John King, Gareth J. Marshall, Tony Phillips, Dan Bannister, Steve Colwell
Summary: This study presents the first Antarctic-wide analysis of extreme near-surface air temperatures, examining temperature distributions, extreme high and low temperatures, variability, and trends at 17 stations. Record high temperatures were mainly influenced by air masses passing over high terrain, while record low temperatures were associated with positive sea ice anomalies over certain seas.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Siyan Dong, Ying Sun, Chao Li, Xuebin Zhang, Seung-Ki Min, Yeon-Hee Kim
Summary: The study evaluates changes in percentile-based precipitation extreme indices, showing increases in most land areas with observations during global warming. CMIP6 models replicate overall increases, but with some regions experiencing considerable over- or underestimations. Fingerprinting analysis reveals detectable anthropogenic signals globally and continentally, with greenhouse gas signals separately detectable over the globe and over Asia. Conversely, signals of anthropogenic aerosols and natural forcings cannot be detected in any of these indices at either global or continental scales.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Simon F. B. Tett, Young Hwa Cha, Kate Donovan, Gina-Maria Geffers, Ed Hawkins
Summary: This passage indicates that an extreme cloudburst on 4 July 2021 caused damage to Edinburgh Castle, and based on the results from a convective permitting model, the observed warming increased the risk by approximately 30% compared to preindustrial levels, which further increases to about 70% in a +2°C world.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth J. Trower, Michael P. Lamb, Woodward W. Fischer
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Geology
Elizabeth J. Trower, Woodward W. Fischer
SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biology
Miquela Ingalls, Carie M. Frantz, Kathryn E. Snell, Elizabeth J. Trower
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sarah Jamison-Todd, Nathan Stein, Irina Overeem, Arslaan Khalid, Elizabeth J. Trower
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth J. Trower, Sophia L. Bridgers, Michael P. Lamb, Woodward W. Fischer
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
B. P. Smith, M. Ingalls, E. J. Trower, U. F. Lingappa, T. M. Present, J. S. Magyar, W. W. Fischer
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2020)
Article
Biology
Elizabeth J. Trower, Justin Strauss, Erik A. Sperling, Woodward W. Fischer
Summary: Research suggests that during the early Paleozoic, the concentration of dissolved silica in seawater was significantly lower than previously estimated, resembling modern oceans more closely than previously assumed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theodore M. Present, Maya L. Gomes, Elizabeth J. Trower, Nathan T. Stein, Usha F. Lingappa, John Naviaux, Michael T. Thorpe, Marjorie D. Cantine, Woodward W. Fischer, Andrew H. Knoll, John P. Grotzinger
Summary: The study found that in the Caribbean peritidal carbonate environment, the lithification process of microbial mats is not affected by seawater chemistry. Microbial metabolisms can counteract the favorable effects of seawater chemistry on carbonate mineral saturation and microbialite development.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geology
Miquela Ingalls, Anne C. Fetrow, Kathryn E. Snell, Carie M. Frantz, Elizabeth J. Trower
Summary: Stromatolites serve as important indicators for studying deep-time paleoclimatic and geobiological conditions. Giant stromatolites found in the Laney Member of the Eocene Green River Formation in Colorado, USA, were influenced by factors such as substrate availability, physicochemical conditions, and lake level changes. The growth of these stromatolites was facilitated by decreased lake levels, which promoted carbonate precipitation and positioned microbial communities within the photic zone.
Article
Geology
Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah, Elizabeth J. Trower, Xiaowei Li, Tapan Mukerji, Daniel J. Lehrmann, Michele Morsilli, Khalid Al-Ramadan, Jonathan L. Payne
Summary: This study uses a convolutional neural network-based segmentation method to measure ooid sizes and provides a systematic sampling of ooid sizes throughout the Phanerozoic. The numerical model shows that typical-sized ooids can grow under a wide range of parameter combinations, while giant ooids can only form under specific conditions. The study also finds that the formation of giant ooids is associated with conditions favorable for rapid CaCO3 precipitation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Usha F. Lingappa, Nathaniel T. Stein, Kyle S. Metcalfe, Theodore M. Present, Victoria J. Orphan, John P. Grotzinger, Andrew H. Knoll, Elizabeth J. Trower, Maya L. Gomes, Woodward W. Fischer
Summary: Climate change has led to extreme weather and rising sea levels, posing significant threats to coastal environments. Microbial mats, complex ecosystems, have been affected by sea level rise. Hurricane Irma in 2017 caused damage to an island in the Turks and Caicos Islands, but the microbial communities rapidly recovered and adapted to the changing sea level.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth J. Trower, Benjamin P. Smith, Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah, Jonathan L. Payne
Summary: The carbonate chemistry of seawater plays a crucial role in connecting Earth's climate and carbon cycle. This study introduces a new proxy for estimating carbonate mineral saturation state based on ooid diameters, and uses it to reconstruct the history of seawater chemistry. The results reveal changes in carbonate saturation state that are linked to key events in the evolution of carbonate biomineralizers.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth J. Trower, James R. Gutoski, Virginia T. Wala, Tyler J. Mackey, Carl Simpson
Summary: This study reports the occurrence of ikaite, a carbonate mineral that forms in cold sedimentary environments, in the Beck Spring Dolomite, a carbonate succession deposited between approximately 780 and 730 Ma. These findings suggest that global climate was cool for tens of millions of years before the onset of Snowball Earth glaciation, in conflict with previous interpretations of pre-glacial carbonates.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geology
Elizabeth J. Trower, Marjorie D. Cantine, Maya L. Gomes, John P. Grotzinger, Andrew H. Knoll, Michael P. Lamb, Usha Lingappa, Shane S. O'Reilly, Theodore M. Present, Nathan Stein, Justin V. Strauss, Woodward W. Fischer
JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH
(2018)