Article
Energy & Fuels
Andressa Pedro, Mikolaj Krutnik, Van Malcolm Yadack, Lucas Pereira, Hugo Morais
Summary: The increase of renewables and the plan to shut down coal-fired power plants in Europe will change power system operation rules. Small unit aggregators are expected to provide flexibility and balancing services in several European countries. This paper compares European market rules for small-scale flexibility, specifically focusing on the prequalification process for Balancing Service Providers to participate in Frequency Containment Reserve Services, and the needs of small-scale flexibility and balancing providers. Switzerland appears to have fewer entry barriers and more possibilities for case-to-case work, followed by Belgium and Germany. Portugal and Spain are developing their ancillary service markets and are expected to allow small-scale balancing providers to participate soon.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Romy Zeiss, Nico Eisenhauer, Alberto Orgiazzi, Matthias Rillig, Francois Buscot, Arwyn Jones, Anika Lehmann, Thomas Reitz, Linnea Smith, Carlos A. Guerra
Summary: Soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions are neglected in biodiversity assessments and conservation actions, especially in Europe. Current nature conservation measures have not shown positive effects on soil ecosystem functioning. German conservation management only considers limited aspects of soils.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amos J. de Jong, Tessa van Rijssel, Mira G. P. Zuidgeest, Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel, Scott Askin, Jaime Fons-Martinez, Tim De Smedt, Anthonius de Boer, Yared Santa-Ana-Tellez, Helga Gardarsdottir
Summary: Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) have the potential to improve accessibility, diversity, and retention in clinical trials, but also face regulatory challenges. Regulators recognize the opportunities of reducing participation burden and improving data representativeness in DCTs, while expressing concerns about investigator oversight and participant safety.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Economics
Simon Feindt, Ulrike Kornek, Jose M. Labeaga, Thomas Sterner, Hauke Ward
Summary: The study found that the impact of European carbon pricing policy at the national level is mainly neutral, sometimes progressive, but regressive at the EU level. In order to address the regressive distributional effects, measures such as making the tax burden proportional and compensating the most affected households can be taken into consideration.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Harsh Tataria, Mansoor Shafi, Andreas F. Molisch, Mischa Dohler, Henrik Sjoland, Fredrik Tufvesson
Summary: This article discusses the generational changes in mobile communications, with a focus on the technical requirements, challenges, and possibilities of the sixth generation (6G) wireless systems. With the increasing demand for spectrum utilization, 6G systems will operate in a wider range of frequency bands.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Muhammad Javaid Akhter, Mette Sonderskov, Donato Loddo, Lena Ulber, Richard Hull, Per Kudsk
Summary: The paper investigates the potential and challenges of using harvest weed seed control (HWSC) as an alternative non-chemical weed control strategy in Europe. Initial research in Europe has identified several weed species suitable for HWSC, but there are challenges such as inconsistent crop and weed maturity. Further research and development are needed to evaluate and promote the practical adoption of HWSC strategies in European cropping systems.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Pavan Kumar, Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar, Akhilesh Kumar Verma, Pramila Umaraw, Muideen Adewale Ahmed, Nitin Mehta, Muhammad Nizam Hayat, Ubedullah Kaka, Awis Qurni Sazili
Summary: Treating livestock as production machines leads to depletion of natural resources, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and ethical issues. Achieving sustainability in the meat sector requires a multifaced approach, including digitalization, precision farming, and the application of remote sensing and artificial intelligence.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Qingyu Lin, Xingwen Wang, Ying Hu
Summary: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a frequently upregulated immunosuppressive molecule in human cancers. Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown potential in reactivating cytotoxic T cells to eliminate advanced cancer cells. However, the majority of cancer patients do not respond to these therapies, and the molecular mechanisms for this lack of response are poorly understood. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of PD-L1 expression levels on tumor cells in determining the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression will be crucial for improving clinical response rates and the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 immune therapies.
Article
Ecology
Uta Schirpke, Rocco Scolozzi, Ulrike Tappeiner
Summary: This study collected and analyzed people's perceptions of various cultural ecosystem services (CES) related to mountain lakes using an online questionnaire. The results show that bequest, symbolic, aesthetic, and spiritual values are perceived as most important, while crowdness, noisiness, and garbage are the most mentioned pressures. The findings provide valuable insights for research, decision making, and policy formulation related to mountain lakes.
ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ming He, Wenxing Lv, Yu Rao
Summary: PROTAC is a new technology for inducing protein degradation using small molecules, which shows advantages in overcoming tumor resistance, affecting non-enzymatic functions of target proteins, degrading undruggable targets, and providing rapid and reversible chemical knockout tools. However, it also faces challenges and issues as a rapidly developing new chemical biology technology.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ghosh Ramvilas, Shalini Dhyani, Biju Kumar, Neha Sinha, Rajeev Raghavan, Gayathri Selvaraj, Nithin Divakar, V. K. Anoop, Kannan Shalu, Alolika Sinha, Apoorva Kulkarni, Sandeep Das, Sanjay Molur
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various scientific domains, including biodiversity conservation, with a majority of early-career researchers in India perceiving fieldwork, travel for meetings, and funding as the most affected areas. Responses varied between professional categories, with the majority advocating for stakeholder-driven policies and management practices as a post-pandemic strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chuang Sun, Zhigang Li, Andrew Zuza, Wenjun Zheng, Dong Jia, Zhiyuan He, Gege Hui, Shuang Yang
Summary: Subduction of mantle lithosphere plays a significant role in intraplate orogeny, but its kinematic response in the upper crust is still poorly understood. Sandbox experiments comparing mantle-subduction-type convergence and traditional indentation-type convergence reveal differences in orogenic architecture and deformation kinematics. Changes in convergence mode lead to distinct structural relics, such as out-of-sequence faulting and in-sequence thrusting. The influence of mantle-subduction-type convergence is concentrated within the subducting plate in the presence of combined convergence involving opposite-direction indentation and mantle-subduction. These findings have implications for understanding the geodynamics of other intraplate orogens.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
R. Melis, G. Maheo, V. Gardien, P. Jame, E. Bonjour, B. Bhandari, A. Pecher
Summary: The study analyzed the water isotopes (delta 18O(water) and delta D(water)) of fluid inclusions in Cenozoic quartz veins from the core of the Himalayan range. The results suggest that the fluids originated from meteoric water and formed at depths of 10 to 20 km. The isotopic compositions of the quartz fluid inclusions water varied with topography in a similar manner to modern meteoric water. The findings indicate that the topographic front of the Himalayan range was already formed during the Miocene but located further north.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tersia Needham, Daniel Bures, Jiri Cerny, Louwrens C. Hoffman
Summary: Re-wilding and similar initiatives in Europe have increased the availability of wildlife for human consumption. However, the production and consumption of game meat pose challenges such as infectious diseases and toxic contaminants. This review discusses these issues, including the impact of killing methods on meat quality and strategies for improving it. Various food safety systems are also explored to ensure the safe and sustainable development of commercial game meat supply chains through collaborative multisector approaches and One Health strategies.
Article
Ecology
Maria Guerrina, Spyros Theodoridis, Luigi Minuto, Elena Conti, Gabriele Casazza
Summary: The study found that the response of the endemic plant Berardia subacaulis to Late Quaternary climate dynamics in the European Alps differed from other endemic species, possibly due to less severe effects of glaciations, environmental heterogeneity, and specific characteristics of the species.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Sebastian G. Mutz, Johannes Aschauer
Summary: This study investigates the relationships between global-scale atmospheric variability and the mass-balance of Andean glaciers. Four distinct glaciological zones are identified based on their climatic controls. Empirical glacier mass-balance models are trained to predict the short-term mass-balance of the glaciers.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Svetlana Botsyun, Sebastian G. Mutz, Todd A. Ehlers, Alexander Koptev, Xun Wang, Benjamin Schmidt, Erwin Appel, Dieter E. Scherer
Summary: This study investigates the changes in hydroclimate and its driving forces in Central Asia and the Tibetan Plateau during the last 3 million years. The results suggest that monsoon intensity and the position of the high-level westerly jet have a significant impact on the hydroclimate of Asia.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Svetlana Botsyun, Todd A. Ehlers, Alexander Koptev, Madelaine Boehme, Katharina Methner, Camille Risi, Christian Stepanek, Sebastian G. Mutz, Martin Werner, Daniel Boateng, Andreas Mulch
Summary: The Middle Miocene in Europe experienced significant changes in climate, environment, and vegetation. However, detailed reconstructions of temperature and precipitation patterns during this period are lacking. In this study, a high-resolution isotope-enabled general circulation model was used to investigate these changes. The modeling results are consistent with available temperature data, but show lower precipitation rates compared to pre-industrial times for central Europe. The changes in precipitation are attributed to shifts in pressure patterns and associated changes in wind direction and humidity. Additionally, the study found that changes in precipitation isotopes were larger in high elevation regions, while topography played a smaller role.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. J. Ring, S. G. Mutz, T. A. Ehlers
Summary: The long-term extent of the Earth system response to anthropogenic interference remains uncertain. However, the geologic record offers insights into this problem as Earth has previously cycled between warm and cold intervals during the Phanerozoic. We present an updated compilation of surface temperature proxies for several key time intervals to reconstruct global temperature changes during the Cenozoic. Our results suggest that the Earth system was less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing for most of the Cenozoic and that sensitivity must have increased by at least a factor of 2 during the Plio-Pleistocene. Slow feedbacks will raise global surface temperatures by more than 3 degrees C in the coming millennia, even if anthropogenic forcing is stabilized at the present-day value (2 W/m2), and that their impact will diminish with further warming.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nevena Andric-Tomasevic, Alexander Koptev, Giridas Maiti, Taras Gerya, Todd A. Ehlers
Summary: The study investigates the process of slab tearing in the context of non-collisional geodynamics by using a thermo-mechanical numerical approach. It finds that parameters such as subduction obliquity angle, age of oceanic slab, and partitioning of boundary velocities play a significant role in the occurrence of slab detachment. The results show similarities to observed features in many subduction zones.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Victor Sacek, Sebastian G. Mutz, Tacio C. Bicudo, Renato P. de Almeida, Todd A. Ehlers
Summary: This study reveals that the formation of the Andes, climate evolution, and sea-level oscillations were the controlling factors for the transition from intermittent marine to lacustrine environments in the Amazon before the formation of the transcontinental river. It is also found that the evolving climate shortened the time interval between the end of marine influence and the onset of the transcontinental Amazon River.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Todd A. Ehlers
Summary: Changes to the landscape over millions of years drive Earth system processes.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Paul R. Eizenhoefer, Christoph Glotzbach, Jonas Kley, Todd A. Ehlers
Summary: The formation of the eastern European Alps is a result of the intrusion of the Adria plate into the European plate. Recent tomography has shown detached slab fragments, indicating continuous southward subduction of the European lithosphere. Orogen-scale exhumation driven by rock displacement along active faults reflects subduction polarity within the framework of Coulomb wedge theory.
Review
Geography, Physical
Sierd Cloetingh, Pietro Sternai, Alexander Koptev, Todd A. Ehlers, Taras Gerya, Istvan Kovacs, Johannes Oerlemans, Fred Beekman, Yan Lavallee, Donald Dingwell, Eszter Bekesi, Kristof Porkolab, Magdala Tesauro, Alessio Lavecchia, Svetlana Botsyun, Veleda Muller, Francois Roure, Enrico Serpelloni, Liviu Matenco, Sebastien Castelltort, Donato Giovannelli, Alberto Vitale Brovarone, Nadia Malaspina, Giovanni Coletti, Pierre Valla, Jon Limberger
Summary: Understanding the interactions between surface and deep Earth processes is crucial for scientific research in various areas. The TOPO-EUROPE initiative serves as a platform for integrated surface and deep Earth sciences. This review discusses the quantitative understanding achieved through TOPO-EUROPE and the potential for future research.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Hemanti Sharma, Sebastian G. Mutz, Todd A. Ehlers
Summary: This study estimates global changes in frost cracking intensity (FCI) and finds that frost cracking is most prevalent in middle- to high-latitude regions and high-elevation lower-latitude areas. The simulations show that the most severe impact of climate change on frost cracking occurred during the pre-industrial to Last Glacial Maximum period, while the Pliocene period had higher FCI in Greenland and Canada due to reduced glaciation.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Astrid Oetting, Emma C. Smith, Jan Erik Arndt, Boris Dorschel, Reinhard Drews, Todd A. Ehlers, Christoph Gaedicke, Coen Hofstede, Johann P. Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Astrid Lambrecht, Andreas Laufer, Christoph Mayer, Ralf Tiedemann, Frank Wilhelms, Olaf Eisen
Summary: This study investigates the Ekstrom Ice Shelf in Western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, and provides evidence of past ice-sheet flow, extent, and retreat. Geophysical surveys reveal an incised trough and mega-scale glacial lineations, suggesting the presence of grounded ice in the past. The study also shows rapid ice retreat in the center of the trough and gradual retreat at the margins. The findings are significant for understanding the past ice-sheet conditions in the region.
Article
Geography, Physical
Mirjam Schaller, Todd A. Ehlers
Summary: Weathering of bedrock to produce regolith is crucial for supporting life on Earth and global biogeochemical cycles. This study investigates soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates along the climate and ecological gradient of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera, revealing regional variations influenced by tectonics, climate, and biota.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2022)
