Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yang Liu, Wei Yang, Jinqi Xue, Juntong Chen, Shiqing Liu, Shijie Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Xi Gu, Youjing Dong, Peng Qiu
Summary: The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is increasing due to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an aging population. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication in older patients and its development involves multiple factors. Neuroinflammation is considered a leading hypothesis and plays a crucial role in the understanding and treatment of POCD.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Qianyun Zhu, Yuting Huang, Xiaoling Zhu, Lijun Peng, Huan Wang, Shan Gao, Zhilai Yang, Jiqian Zhang, Xuesheng Liu
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant problem that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation in the brain after surgery are major contributors to the development of POCD. In this study, mannose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (mSPIONs) were synthesized to effectively scavenge ROS and reduce inflammation, ultimately improving cognitive function in postoperative mice. These findings suggest that mSPIONs may be a promising strategy for preventing POCD.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Klaske Oberman, Iris Hovens, Jacco de Haan, Joana Falcao-Salles, Barbara van Leeuwen, Regien Schoemaker
Summary: A single injection of ibuprofen before surgery improved short-term spatial memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis in rats, although associated with increased microglia activity. Plasma cytokine levels were not significantly affected, but VEGF levels increased and IFABP levels decreased after ibuprofen treatment. The gut microbiome was not significantly impacted by surgery or ibuprofen, with effects in aged rats similar to those in young rats, although less pronounced.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mengxue Zhang, Yiqing Yin
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical symptom after surgery, characterized by a decline in neurocognitive function. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is the key mechanism of POCD. Anesthetics are believed to be a major cause of POCD development, as they activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. However, the role of anesthetics in POCD remains controversial. Anesthetics can have both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, suggesting their dual roles in the pathogenesis of POCD. This review discusses the mechanisms by which commonly used anesthetics regulate microglial activation through inflammatory signaling pathways, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of anesthetics and their potential to improve cognitive performance. The beneficial effects of anesthetics on POCD vary depending on dose, exposure time, and patients' characteristics, emphasizing the need for careful selection of anesthetics to minimize the incidence of POCD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Long Sun, Yue Yong, Pan Wei, Yongqiang Wang, He Li, Yalan Zhou, Wenqing Ruan, Xing Li, Jiangang Song
Summary: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment significantly improves cognitive dysfunction in POCD mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation, protecting hippocampal neurons and tight junction proteins. Mechanistically, the effects of EA treatment depend on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-kappa B pathway activation.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yile Zhou, Huihui Ju, Yan Hu, Tingting Li, Zhouyi Chen, Yuan Si, Xia Sun, Yi Shi, Hao Fang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The findings from animal experiments demonstrated that POCD in aged mice was accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory factors and increased circulating Tregs. Transfusion of Tregs from young mice partially restored the blood-brain barrier structure and alleviated POCD in aged mice, indicating a crucial role of aged Tregs in the occurrence of POCD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Francesco Di Virgilio, Valentina Vultaggio-Poma, Simonetta Falzoni, Anna Lisa Giuliani
Summary: Nucleotides, especially extracellular ATP (eATP), play a crucial role in inter-species extracellular signaling. Different organisms have evolved sensors with varying affinity and selectivity for eATP, resulting in a highly flexible signaling system. In mammalian evolution, the control of intracellular ATP and eATP homeostasis is closely linked to that of Ca2+. Specific plasma membrane receptors, known as P2 receptors (P2Rs), sense eATP with various degrees of affinity and selectivity, adding to the plasticity of the system. The central nervous system (CNS) is a privileged site for purinergic signaling, with all brain cell types expressing P2Rs. Evidence suggests that eATP not only participates in synaptic transmission but also plays a crucial homeostatic role in brain cell responses. Modulating eATP concentration in the CNS may hold promise for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
Review
Immunology
Francesca Colciaghi, Massimo Costanza
Summary: This review article provides an overview of the types, sources, and functions of extracellular DNA released by immune cells, and discusses the role of extracellular traps (ETs) in central nervous system disorders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Schmidt-Morgenroth, Philippe Michaud, Fabrizio Gasparini, Alexandre Avrameas
Summary: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a decline in cognitive function and is an underlying condition of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has been investigated as a mechanism contributing to the progression of MCI to AD. Understanding this mechanism could help in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yi Sun, Yuzhu Wang, Fan Ye, Victoria Cui, Dandan Lin, Hui Shi, Yan Zhang, Anshi Wu, Changwei Wei
Summary: This study evaluates the important neuroprotective role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of POCD. Enhancing SIRT1 function represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of POCD.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jun Liu, Tao Gao, Bin Zhou, Xiaoxiao Xu, Xiaojie Zhai, Qinghuan Yao, Xiaowei Chen, Lin Liu, Wei Cui, Xiang Wu
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to a decline in cognitive function in aged patients after surgery, with unclear pathological mechanisms. The overexpression of the P2X4 receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) has been associated with the onset of POCD. This study explored the potential of the food dye FGF to prevent POCD by down-regulating the CNS P2X4 receptor. The results showed that FGF significantly attenuated cognitive impairments, decreased P2X4 receptor expression, and inhibited neuroinflammation, suggesting that FGF may be a potential treatment for POCD.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie M. Muscat, Nicholas P. Deems, Michael J. Butler, Emmanuel A. Scaria, Menaz N. Bettes, Sean P. Cleary, Ross H. Bockbrader, Steven F. Maier, Ruth M. Barrientos
Summary: This study highlights the importance of addressing perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) and provides evidence that blocking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation can mitigate the cognitive impairment caused by morphine treatment. These findings offer a promising therapeutic target for preventing or treating PNDs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Cong-mei Wang, Wei-can Chen, Yan Zhang, Shu Lin, He-fan He
Summary: Sevoflurane is widely used in anesthesia for surgical patients, but may increase the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). POCD affects patients' lives and adds burden to patients and their families. Understanding the mechanism of Sevoflurane-induced POCD is crucial for prevention and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kai Gong, Yuhua Chen, Wei Liu, Zhanxiang Wang
Summary: The research on APOE in CNS is not trendy over the past two decades, despite the involvement of numerous funds, organizations, and scholars. There is a lack of close cooperation between top teams in this field and others worldwide. New ideas may reignite scholars' interest in studying APOE in CNS, with a potential focus on the crosstalk between ApoE and inflammasome in future research.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Chiomah Ezeomah, Chanida Fongsaran, Amanda L. Persons, T. Celeste Napier, Irma E. Cisneros
Summary: Cocaine use exacerbates the neurotoxicity of HIV-1 infection and the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Decreased central nervous system immunity, including neuroimmune signaling and reduced antiviral activity, contributes to this increased risk.