Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Becker, Albert Pinhasov, Asher Ornoy
Summary: Depression is a common psychiatric disease that affects about 10% of the adult population, and animal models can aid in understanding its pathogenesis. While no model perfectly resembles human depression, most have relevance and can be powerful tools for studying the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of depression.
Article
Psychiatry
Flavie Waters
Summary: Hallucinations are fascinating and misunderstood experiences that have been studied for centuries. The similarity between hallucinations in mental illness and those reported by mentally healthy individuals has long been recognized. Despite earlier criticisms, recent research on hallucinogens has opened up new possibilities for studying the mechanisms and processes of hallucination.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Katie Maurer, Robert J. Soiffer
Summary: In medicine, well-intentioned actions can have unintended consequences, such as off-target effects and unexpected toxicities of supposedly safe medications. A recent study found that patients receiving azithromycin after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant had changes in T cell metabolism and increased T cell exhaustion, potentially contributing to the loss of graft-versus-leukemia activity and increased risk of disease relapse observed in the ALLOZITHRO trial.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark A. Phillips, Molly K. Burke
Summary: Understanding how natural populations evolve and adapt to environmental changes has long been a focus of interest for evolutionary biologists and ecologists. Global climate change has increased the urgency for advancements in this area of research. Evolutionary genomics, especially evolve and resequence (E&R) studies, show promise in providing insights into adaptation genetics.
Review
Oncology
Irenaeus C. C. Chan, Brian J. Wiley, Kelly L. Bolton
Summary: This review discusses clonal hematopoiesis and its relationship with aging, environmental exposures, and germline genetic background, as well as its implications for hematologic malignancies and MDS. Additionally, future research directions and areas of investigation are proposed.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Edward A. Lee
Summary: Rationality in Simon's bounded rationality refers to the idea that humans use step-by-step reasoning and logical rules to make decisions in order to maximize utility. Bounded rationality observes that the human brain has limitations in handling algorithmic complexity and large amounts of data. Under the principle of embodied cognition, a cognitive mind is seen as an interactive machine. Unlike Turing-Church computations, interactive machines can achieve tasks that cannot be accomplished by Turing-Church computations. Therefore, embodied bounded rationality, which is computation with limited complexity and interaction, is more limited than traditional computation but also more powerful. Deep neural networks, which are interactive and not fundamentally algorithmic, provide empirical evidence for the principle of embodied bounded rationality by mimicking cognitive capabilities better than previous symbol manipulation-based algorithmic techniques.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mays Mohammed Salih, Susan Carpenter
Summary: For years, a reductionist approach has been used to understand gene regulation, focusing on one gene in one cell at a time. The emergence of whole-genome techniques now provides a system-level view of responses, offering a plethora of information on events occurring in cells during immune responses. RNA-sequencing technologies are helping us gain insights into the innate immune system.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maja Grundner, Anastasija Panevska, Kristina Sepcic, Matej Skocaj
Summary: The lipid raft hypothesis aims to explain the organization and behavior of lipids in biological membranes. While indirect evidence supported the idea of lipid-ordered domains enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol, tools were lacking to demonstrate their existence in living cells. Recent identification of sphingomyelin/cholesterol binding proteins from mushrooms has shed light on these liquid-ordered domains in mammalian cells.
Review
Plant Sciences
Eftychios Frangedakis, Alan O. Marron, Manuel Waller, Anna Neubauer, Sze Wai Tse, Yuling Yue, Stephanie Ruaud, Lucas Waser, Keiko Sakakibara, Peter Szovenyi
Summary: Hornworts are a small group of land plants with 11 families and around 220 species. Their phylogenetic position and unique biology make them highly significant. The establishment of Anthoceros agrestis as an experimental model system has led to recent advances in hornwort research. This perspective discusses the development of A. agrestis as a model system, its comparison with other plant models, and its importance in comparative developmental studies, plant biology, and crop improvement.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Eva Ringler, Bibiana Rojas, Jennifer L. Stynoski, Lisa M. Schulte
Summary: This article discusses the importance of parenting in the diversification and expansion of vertebrates, and explores the ecological factors that may have influenced the evolution of parental care in amphibians. Through the application of phylogenetic, experimental, and physiological approaches, the study reveals the evolution of different forms of parenting and provides insights into promising new directions of research.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasia Buyalskaya, Hung Ho, Katherine L. Milkman, Xiaomin Li, Angela L. Duckworth, Colin Camerer
Summary: We used machine learning to analyze two large panel data sets on gym attendance (over 12 million observations) and hospital handwashing (over 40 million observations). Our Predicting Context Sensitivity (PCS) approach identified the best context variables predicting behavior for each individual. We also created time series of predictability values to trace habit formation curves, finding that it takes months to form the habit of going to the gym but weeks for handwashing in the hospital. Additionally, more predictable gymgoers were less responsive to interventions promoting more gym attendance, consistent with past experiments on habit formation and reward devaluation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anthony L. L. Schlaff, Ndidiamaka N. N. Amutah-Onukagha, Dorcas Mabiala, Jasmin Kamruddin, Fernando F. F. Ona
Summary: There is a need for comprehensive changes in medical school curricula to address structural racism in medicine and teach about antiracist medical practice. The Liaison Committee on Medical Education should develop specific learning objectives and standardized curricular offerings for medical schools. The federal government and state governments should prioritize support for antiracism education in medical schools and continuing education for physicians.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Binyu Zhao, Youquan Jia, Yi Xu, Elmar Bonaccurso, Xu Deng, Guenter K. Auernhammer, Longquan Chen
Summary: Researchers have investigated the microscopic wetting phenomena of water on nonwetting nanoporous surfaces, characterizing the nanoscopic morphology and effective stiffness of liquid-air interfaces inside nanopores. They found that the nanomenisci exhibit apparent elastic deformation and size-dependent effective stiffness, and correlated these properties with the wetting behavior of water droplets on structured surfaces.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Callan Harker, Maureen Hassall, Paul Lant, Nikodem Rybak, Paul Dargusch
Summary: There is no agreed taxonomy for climate-related risks. This research surveyed Australian companies listed on the stock exchange and identified 201 climate risk disclosures. The analysis showed that Australian firms primarily focused on acute physical climate risks and managed them through risk reduction strategies, with emission reductions being a key consideration in their disclosures.
Article
Biology
Veronica Rivi, Cristina Benatti, Ken Lukowiak, Chiara Colliva, Silvia Alboni, Fabio Tascedda, Johanna M. C. Blom
Summary: This review discusses the advantages of using freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis as a model to study the neural basis of learning and memory, exploring both what can be taught to Lymnaea and what Lymnaea can teach us. It highlights the potential of using snails as animal models for neuroscience translational research.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
