Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mulugeta Gamachu, Alemayehu Deressa, Abdi Birhanu, Galana Mamo Ayana, Temam Beshir Raru, Belay Negash, Bedasa Taye Merga, Addisu Alemu, Fila Ahmed, Ahmed Mohammed, Ibsa M. Abdulahi, Lemma Demissei Regassa
Summary: The study found that several factors including history of chewing khat, bilateral lung cavity on baseline chest X-ray, higher smear results at baseline, and poor adherence were associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients. Conversely, factors like being HIV-negative, lower baseline BMI, lower baseline culture results, and lower smear results were associated with non-conversion of sputum smear at first month. Patients with normal chest X-ray at baseline had higher chances of sputum smear conversion on the first month.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jingjing Luo, Xia Yu, Lingling Dong, Fengmin Huo, Yifeng Ma, Qian Liang, Yuanyuan Shang, Hairong Huang
Summary: This study aimed to identify the causes of smear-positive-culture-negative (S+/C-) outcomes in tuberculosis patients during treatment. A retrospective study was conducted at Beijing Chest Hospital in China. The results showed that the S+/C- rates were higher in the liquid culture group compared to the solid culture group.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Desalegn Addise Getahun, Laura E. Layland, Achim Hoerauf, Biniam Wondale
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of GeneXpert on diagnosis and anti-TB treatment outcomes in the capital city of Ethiopia. The results showed that the use of GeneXpert significantly improved the detection rate and treatment success rate of tuberculosis.
Article
Immunology
Yingjiao Ju, Chengji Jin, Shan Chen, Jie Wang, Cuidan Li, Xiaotong Wang, Peihan Wang, Liya Yue, Xiaoyuan Jiang, Bahetibieke Tuohetaerbaike, Ying Li, Yongjie Sheng, Wushou'er Qimanguli, Jing Wang, Fei Chen
Summary: This study used proteomic analysis to identify specific protein signatures in the plasma of Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis (SNPT) and Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (SPPT) patients, revealing dysfunctional immune response and metabolism in both groups. SPPT patients displayed stronger innate immune activation and lipid metabolic inhibition compared to SNPT patients, while SNPT patients showed activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) suggesting their critical role in determining different bacterial loads/phenotypes in SNPT and SPPT.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Belay Tessema, Beyene Petros
Summary: This study aimed to assess the utility of the GeneXpert MTBRIF assay for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) cases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results showed a high proportion of RR-TB cases and a significant number of cases detected outside of the rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR). Additionally, some of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay probes were found to be unhybridized, suggesting limited utility in this region. Further studies are needed to uncover mutations conferring rifampicin resistance and improve the diagnostic algorithm for TB in Ethiopia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Linghui Amanda Khor, Ulfa Nur Izzati A. Wahid, Lee Lee Ling, Sarah Michael S. Liansim, Jush'n Oon, Mahendran Naidu Balakrishnan, Wei Leik Ng, Ai Theng Cheong
Summary: This retrospective study conducted in three government health clinics in Sabah, Malaysia on newly diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients from 2017 to 2019 showed that 8.8% of patients did not convert to smear negative at the end of the intensive treatment phase. Older patients (age >= 60), foreigners, and patients with higher sputum bacillary load at diagnosis were more likely to have delayed sputum smear conversion. Healthcare providers should be aware of these factors and ensure proper follow-up treatment for patients.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Getahun Molla Kassa, Mehari Woldemariam Merid, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Dawit Tefera Fentie
Summary: The study aimed to determine the level of sputum smear grading and associated factors among DR-TB patients in Ethiopia. More than a third of the bacteriological confirmed pulmonary DR-TB patients in the study setting was highly infectious with the highest bacillary load, which was significantly associated with the patient's TB treatment history, nutritional, and educational status.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubhangi Dhakulkar, Mrinalini Das, Narendra Sutar, Vikas Oswal, Daksha Shah, Shilpa Ravi, Dipa Vengurlekar, Vijay Chavan, Lorraine Rebello, Augusto C. Meneguim, Aparna Iyer, Homa Mansoor, Stobdan Kalon, Shrikala Acharya, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Petros Isaakidis, Harshad P. Thakur
Summary: This study investigated the final treatment outcomes and factors associated with unsuccessful treatment in children and adolescents with DR-TB, finding a high proportion of successful outcomes. Nutritional support and follow-up care should be strengthened, and new TB drugs like Bedaquiline and Delamanid should be rapidly scaled up in routine TB programs for the pediatric population.
Article
Microbiology
Galina S. S. Shepelkova, Vladimir V. V. Evstifeev, Ruslan V. V. Tarasov, Anush E. E. Ergeshova, Mamed A. A. Bagirov, Vladimir V. V. Yeremeev
Summary: This study focuses on finding biomarkers that can characterize the disease course in surgical tuberculosis patients. They examined a number of serum microRNAs as potential biomarkers for inflammation and fibrosis in tuberculosis, and used quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and receiver operating curves to verify the data. The study identified several microRNAs that showed differential expression between different groups of patients, and further research is needed to validate these findings on a larger population.
Article
Pediatrics
Fitsum Weldegebreal, Zelalem Teklemariam, Habtamu Mitiku, Tamrat Tesfaye, Aklilu Abrham Roba, Fikru Tebeje, Abiyot Asfaw, Mahantash Naganuri, Bahubali Jinnappa Geddugol, Frehiwot Mesfin, Ibsa Mussa Abdulahi, Hilina Befikadu, Eden Tesfaye
Summary: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcome and its predictors of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia. The study found that males and HIV-positive individuals had a lower chance of a successful treatment outcome. Efforts should be made by each health institution in eastern Ethiopia to address these issues.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zekariyas Sahile, Robel Tezera, Damen Haile Mariam, Jeffrey Collins, Jemal Haider Ali
Summary: The study found that being underweight at the start and after two months of treatment was a predictor for unsuccessful treatment outcomes in TB patients. Nutritional assessment, counseling, and management are important elements of TB treatment programs with the potential to improve treatment outcomes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
M. Chipinduro, C. Timire, J. Chirenda, R. Matambo, E. Munemo, B. Makamure, A. F. Nhidza, W. Tinago, V Chikwasha, M. Ngwenya, J. Mutsvangwa, J. Z. Metcalfe, C. Sandy
Summary: The first national TB prevalence survey in Zimbabwe in 2014 found a decrease in TB disease prevalence relative to prior estimates, possibly due to increased antiretroviral therapy coverage and successful national TB control strategies. Continued investments in TB diagnostics for improved case detection are required.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengistu K. Wakjira, Peter T. Sandy, A. H. Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Summary: This study investigated the determinants of treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. The results showed that patients with low body mass index and comorbidities had a higher risk of death.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye, Binyam Tilahun
Summary: The study found that patients' adherence to TB treatment remains low during the continuation phase, with forgetfulness, travel away, and feeling sick being major reasons for non-adherence. Factors positively associated with patient adherence include education level, knowledge, family wealth, and provider-patient relationship. Interventional studies on these factors are needed to improve patient adherence to TB treatment during the continuation phase.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yaxin Wu, Yuening Zhang, Yingying Wang, Jiaqi Wei, Wenjing Wang, Wenshan Duan, Yakun Tian, Meixin Ren, Zhen Li, Wen Wang, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Xiaojie Huang
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of second-line anti-TB treatment and determine which drugs can achieve the greatest clinical benefit for DR-TB-HIV patients. The results showed that BDQ and LZD-based regimens, along with the use of at least two Group A drugs, were associated with a higher treatment success rate. Additionally, a higher baseline CD4 T-cell count was also correlated with higher treatment success rates.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)