Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 54, Issue 6, Pages 3417-3427Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06386
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21976087, 21806078]
- Natural Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0203103, 2017YFE0107200]
- Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program [BE2017709]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20170633]
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Microplastics (MPs) as widespread contamination pose a high risk for aquatic organisms. However, the current understanding of MP toxicity is based on cell population-averaged measurements. Our aim was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the size-dependent effects of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on intestinal cell populations in zebrafish and characterize the interplay of MPs, intestinal cells, and intestinal microbiota. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the transcriptome heterogeneity of 12 000 intestinal cells obtained from zebrafish exposed to 100 nm, 5 mu m, and 200 mu m PS-MPs for 21 days. Eight intestinal cell populations were identified. Combined with changes in intestinal microbiota, our findings highlight a previously unrecognized end point that all three sizes of PS-MPs induced dysfunction of intestinal immune cells (including effects on phagosomes and the regulation of immune system processes) and increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. However, only 100 nm PS-MPs altered the expression of genes related to phagocyte-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased mucus secretion by secretory cells. Microsize PS-MPs specifically changed the lysosome (5 mu m) and cell surface receptor signaling (200 mu m) processes of the macrophages. Our findings pinpoint to cell-specific and size-dependent responses to PS-MPs in fish intestine, which can provide a reference for future study directions.
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