Review
Ecology
Martin Grosell, Christina Pasparakis
Summary: The physiological effects of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish are extensive, impacting various biological systems such as cardiac function, nervous system, and stress response. Cholesterol depletion may play a significant role in affecting fish, particularly in cardiac and neuronal functions.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 13, 2021
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alessandra de Folly d'Auris, Francesca Rubertelli, Alessandro Taini, Marco Vocciante
Summary: FoamFlex200, an innovative material based on flexible polyurethane foam, has been tested and proven to have excellent oil sorption capacity and reusability. It outperforms the commonly used polypropylene material in terms of performance and economic benefits.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Madeline Stanley, Vince Palace, Richard Grosshans, David B. Levin
Summary: Conventional oil spill recovery methods can cause damage to shoreline habitats, while biological remediation strategies, particularly floating treatment wetlands, show high potential for degrading oil contaminants.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Giulia Pacchioni
Summary: The article introduces a novel gel-coated mesh filter that efficiently recovers viscous oil from contaminated water.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ana Paula Zapelini de Melo, Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff, Luciano Molognoni, Thais de Oliveira, Heitor Daguer, Pedro Luiz Manique Barreto
Summary: Over 5.8 million tonnes of oil have been spilled into the oceans, causing catastrophic environmental impacts and multiple social and economic consequences. Recent oil disasters in Brazil and Mauritius have severely affected the credibility of seafood safety. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in oil composition is known to be a major contamination marker, and the intake of PAH-contaminated food has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. This review focuses on the challenging laboratory analysis of PAH in seafood samples and its importance in assessing the potential risks to human health. Various approaches for risk assessment in a seafood contamination scenario with PAH are discussed, providing valuable guidance for each step of the assessment framework.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alejandro Martinez-Rivera, Santiago-Alonso Cardona-Gallo
Summary: Bioremediation techniques such as bioaugmentation and biostimulation were found to be effective for the biological degradation of hydrocarbons in contaminated sites, with co-substrates and stimulants having a synergistic effect. This research suggests that these methods can be scaled up for use in larger contaminated areas.
ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Chenyang Kang, Haining Yang, Guyi Yu, Jian Deng, Yaqing Shu
Summary: The shipping volume in inland waterways has been increasing rapidly, but tracking oil spills caused by maritime accidents is still challenging. In this study, the oil spill dispersion trajectory in inland rivers was obtained by simulating the trajectory of oil particles under different waterway conditions. The results showed that oil spills spread more extensively in a curved channel with a trapezoidal cross-section. The findings of this research could guide inland river environmental protection and oil spill trajectory tracking.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Development Studies
Alberto Chong, Carla Srebot
Summary: Using a difference-in-difference approach, this study finds a causal link between environmental disasters, specifically exogenous oil spills, and mental health indicators in rural areas of Peru. The results show that oil spills lead to a higher probability of psychological distress.
REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Patrick Heritier-Robbins, Smruthi Karthikeyan, Janet K. Hatt, Minjae Kim, Markus Huettel, Joel E. Kostka, Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis, Luis M. Rodriguez-R
Summary: The study tested the specialization-disturbance hypothesis on beach sands disturbed by DWH crude oil in laboratory conditions, finding that functional diversity significantly increased while taxonomic diversity significantly declined over a two-month period, supporting the hypothesis that specialist taxa decrease following disturbances.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aditya Srishti, Aditya Kumar
Summary: The study explores the use of modified superhydrophobic-superoleophilic jute fabric as a high-performance filter for separating oil-water mixtures in challenging environmental conditions. The fabric demonstrates high separation efficiency, stable recyclable properties, and outstanding durability, making it a promising solution for practical applications.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lars Robert Hole, Victor de Aguiar, Knut-Frode Dagestad, Vassiliki H. Kourafalou, Yannis Androulidakis, Heesook Kang, Matthieu Le Henaff, Amilcar Calzada
Summary: Simulations showed that the highest stranding rates occur in winter in Northern Cuba, and there are no significant differences in stranding rates between different types of oil. Short-term simulations are not suitable for accurately assessing environmental risk.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Saurabh Mishra, Geetanjali Chauhan, Samarpit Verma, Ujjawal Singh
Summary: This paper discusses the application of nanotechnology in oil spill cleanups and how to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. The small size and exceptional properties of nanotechnology have great potential in solving engineering problems.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dagmar Schmidt Etkin, Tim J. Nedwed
Summary: Mechanical recovery for large offshore oil spills is limited by factors such as environmental conditions and oil behavior. Historical data shows that only a small fraction of spilled oil is usually recovered, even in nearshore and in-port settings.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nicola Mucci, Veronica Traversini, Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli, Luigi Vimercati, Venerando Rapisarda, Raymond Paul Galea, Simone De Sio, Giulio Arcangeli
Summary: Occupational exposure to noise can lead to psychological distress, annoyance, sleep disturbances, and cognitive performance issues. The most affected occupations include school staff, employees in various industrial sectors, and office workers. It is essential to protect these workers against chronic noise exposure to prevent long-term discomfort and potential risks.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zak Hodgson, Inaki Esnaola, Bryn Jones
Summary: This article presents a novel model-based adaptive monitoring framework for the estimation of oil spills using mobile sensors. The framework utilizes simulation of state trajectory, optimization of sensing locations, and smoothed state estimates to accurately monitor oil spills.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jacob. K. K. Kresovich, Zongli Xu, Katie. M. M. O'Brien, Christine. G. G. Parks, Clarice. R. R. Weinberg, Dale. P. P. Sandler, Jack. A. A. Taylor
Summary: This study found that shifts in lymphocyte subsets occur before the development of hypertension, followed by changes to neutrophils and additional lymphocytes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dazhe Chen, Dale P. Sandler, Alexander P. Keil, Gerardo Heiss, Eric A. Whitsel, Gregory C. Pratt, Patricia A. Stewart, Mark R. Stenzel, Caroline P. Groth, Sudipto Banerjee, Tran B. Huynh, Jessie K. Edwards, W. Braxton Jackson II, Joseph Engeda, Richard K. Kwok, Emily J. Werder, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Lawrence S. Engel
Summary: This study investigated the association between occupational exposure to PM2.5 from the burning/flaring of oil/gas and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among oil spill workers. It found that workers with higher levels of exposure to PM2.5 had an increased risk of CHD.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Katie M. O'Brien, Kemi Ogunsina, Nicolas Wentzensen, Dale P. Sandler
Summary: This study assessed the reliability of self-reported data on the use of feminine hygiene products and found differences in reported use across different time periods and subgroups. These findings highlight the importance of considering potential variations and biases when studying the long-term health effects of these products.
Letter
Oncology
Che-Jung Chang, Katie M. O'Brien, Alexander P. Keil, Symielle A. Gaston, Chandra L. Jackson, Dale P. Sandler, Alexandra J. White
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Vicky C. Chang, Gabriella Andreotti, Maria Ospina, Christine G. Parks, Danping Liu, Joseph J. Shearer, Nathaniel Rothman, Debra T. Silverman, Dale P. Sandler, Antonia M. Calafat, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Jonathan N. Hofmann
Summary: This study investigated the association between glyphosate exposure and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers in farmers. The results showed that urinary glyphosate concentrations were positively associated with levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-OHdG and MDA. The findings support the association between glyphosate exposure and oxidative stress in humans.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dazhe Chen, Dale P. Sandler, Alexander P. Keil, Gerardo Heiss, Eric A. Whitsel, Jessie K. Edwards, Patricia A. Stewart, Mark R. Stenzel, Caroline P. Groth, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, Sudipto Banerjee, Tran B. Huynh, W. Braxton Jackson II, Aaron Blair, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Richard K. Kwok, Lawrence S. Engel
Summary: This study investigated the association between exposure to certain chemicals in crude oil and the risk of coronary heart disease among oil spill workers. The results showed that higher exposures to these chemicals were associated with modest increases in the risk of coronary heart disease, but no exposure-response trends were observed.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jongeun Rhee, Danielle N. Medgyesi, Jared A. Fisher, Alexandra J. White, Joshua N. Sampson, Dale P. Sandler, Mary H. Ward, Rena R. Jones
Summary: This study evaluated the association between residential exposure to industrial emissions of PCDD/F and breast cancer risk in a large U.S. cohort. The results suggest that living within 3 kilometers of the pollution source, especially near municipal solid waste facilities, may increase the risk of breast cancer.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jacob K. Kresovich, Dale P. Sandler, Jack A. Taylor
Summary: This study found a positive association between hypertension and DNA methylation-based biological age metrics in older individuals. Women with higher biological age were more likely to have prevalent hypertension at baseline and to be diagnosed with incident hypertension during follow-up. These findings suggest that epigenetic markers may be helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brittany Crawford, Susan E. Steck, Dale P. Sandler, Anwar T. Merchant, Jennifer M. P. Woo, Yong-Moon Mark Park
Summary: The role of socioeconomic disparities in the association between diet and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was investigated. It was found that there are weaker associations between diet quality and T2D incidence among individuals with lower socioeconomic status, suggesting that other factors play a larger role in T2D incidence in this population.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah H. Koenigsberg, Che -Jung Chang, Jennifer Ish, Zongli Xu, Jacob K. Kresovich, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Joel D. Kaufman, Dale P. Sandler, Jack A. Taylor, Alexandra J. White
Summary: This study demonstrates an association between air pollution and DNA methylation alterations in Black women, suggesting that air pollution may contribute to higher epigenetic aging in this population.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John Volckens, Erin N. Haynes, Sharon P. Croisant, Yuxia Cui, Nicole A. Errett, Heather F. Henry, Jennifer A. Horney, Richard K. Kwok, Sheryl Magzamen, Ana G. Rappold, Lingamanaidu Ravichandran, Les Reinlib, Patrick H. Ryan, Daniel T. Shaughnessy
Summary: This commentary discusses the lack of research on the nature and effects of disasters on human health and the challenges in developing cost-effective sensors for exposure assessment. The panel of experts highlights the need for scalable, reliable, and versatile sensor technologies, as well as renewed efforts in support of disaster research facilitation, collaboration, and preparedness.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clara Bodelon, Gretchen L. Gierach, Elizabeth E. Hatch, Emily Riseberg, Amy Hutchinson, Meredith Yeager, Dale P. Sandler, Jack A. Taylor, Robert N. Hoover, Zongli Xu, Linda Titus, Julie R. Palmer, Rebecca Troisi
Summary: This study explored blood DNA methylation in women exposed and unexposed to prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES). The results showed that DNA methylation levels at 10 CpG sites in six candidate genes were significantly associated with prenatal DES exposure. These findings suggest that in utero DES exposure may be associated with differential blood DNA methylation levels, which could mediate the increased risk of several adverse health outcomes observed in exposed women.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lauren M. Hurwitz, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Gabriella Andreotti, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Christine G. Parks, Dale P. Sandler, Jay H. Lubin, Jia Liu, Kristine Jones, Sonja I. Berndt, Stella Koutros
Summary: The study found that there is an interaction between pesticides, specific organic compounds, and genetic variants in relation to prostate cancer risk. Farmers exposed to certain organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides have an increased risk of prostate cancer. Additionally, there is a suggestion of interaction between pesticides and genetic variants occurring in regions associated with DNA damage response and variants related to altered androgen receptor-driven transcriptional programs critical for prostate cancer.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christina L. Norris, Dale P. Sandler, Gregory C. Pratt, Mark R. Stenzel, Patricia A. Stewart, W. Braxton Jackson, Fredric E. Gerr, Caroline Groth, Sudipto Banerjee, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Richard K. Kwok, Emily J. Werder, Lawrence S. Engel
Summary: Burning/flaring of oil/gas during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill generated high concentrations of PM2.5. We assessed the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and sensory and motor nerve function among OSRC workers and found no strong evidence of associations, but a suggestion of impairment based on single leg stance.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jacob K. Kresovich, Katie M. O'Brien, Zongli Xu, Clarice R. Weinberg, Dale P. Sandler, Jack A. Taylor
Summary: A study found that breast cancer survivors may experience faster biological aging. The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have an impact on biological aging, and different treatment methods have different effects.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muqiu Hu, Xin Zhao, Jinghan Gu, Lulu Qian, Zhiqing Wang, Yuanyuan Nie, Xiaoyu Han, Long An, Haiqiang Jiang
Summary: Due to its simple process, environmental friendliness, and low operating costs, biometallurgy has become a popular technology for metals recovering from low-grade ores and tailings. An optimized agar was used to isolate and grow functional bacteria, resulting in the successful isolation of six functional stains. These strains were further tested for their ability to leach metals from polymetallic sulfide tailings, with significant improvements observed when the strains were mixed together. The selection of leaching process should be based on tailings composition and target metals.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Saqib Hassan, Aswin Thacharodi, Anshu Priya, R. Meenatchi, Thanushree A. Hegde, R. Thangamani, Ht Nguyen, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: An Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) is a compound that disrupts the function of the endocrine system and is found in the environment. EDCs, such as Bisphenol A and pesticides, have been shown to have negative effects on the female reproductive system. Understanding the relationship between EDCs and women's health is crucial for developing strategies to protect reproductive health and informing public policy decisions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lichang Zhou, Zhaoling Li, Boyi Cheng, Jinqi Jiang, Xinqi Bi, Zongping Wang, Guanghao Chen, Gang Guo
Summary: Thiosulfate can promote sulfur-mediated bacterial activity, inhibit glycogen accumulating organisms, and enhance denitrification efficiency. After the carbon source is reduced, the competitive ability of glycogen accumulating organisms increases, resulting in reduced sulfate reduction.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Claire E. Campbell, Devyn L. Cotter, Katherine L. Bottenhorn, Elisabeth Burnor, Hedyeh Ahmadi, W. James Gauderman, Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez, Daniel Hackman, Rob McConnell, Kiros Berhane, Joel Schwartz, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Megan M. Herting
Summary: Recent studies have found a connection between air pollution and increased risk for behavioral problems during development. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to investigate how exposure during the transition to adolescence may affect emotional behaviors.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jing-hong Liang, Ru-yu Yang, Mei-ling Liu, Ying-qi Pu, Wen-wen Bao, Yu Zhao, Li-xin Hu, Yu-shan Zhang, Shan Huang, Nan Jiang, Xue-ya Pu, Shao-yi Huang, Guang-hui Dong, Ya-jun Chen
Summary: This study examines the association between urban Green and blue spaces (GBS) exposure and Emotion and behavior problems (EBP) in youth populations. The findings suggest that higher exposure to GBS, particularly green spaces (GS) and blue spaces (BS), is associated with a decrease in the risk of developing total difficulties in young individuals. The joint effect of GS and BS may also contribute to the decrease in EBPs.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas, Mario Ruiz Coca, Miguel Morales-Navas, Rocio Rodulfo-Cardenas, Caridad Lopez-Granero, Maria Teresa Colomina, Cristian Perez-Fernandez, Fernando Sanchez-Santed
Summary: Air pollution is associated with a range of health issues and gestational exposure to environmental pollutants may be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. This study investigated the effects of oral gestational exposure to particulate matter (PM) on ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). The findings suggest that this exposure may lead to social deficits and abnormal gene expression related to neurotransmitter systems. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of air pollution on neurodevelopmental disorders and the neurotransmission systems involved.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yagmur Kabakci, Sadiye Kosar, Ozgur Dogan, Fehmi Gorkem Uctug, Osman Atilla Arikan
Summary: This study investigated the effect of electrohydrolysis pretreatment on municipal solid waste. The results showed that applying electrohydrolysis pretreatment increased methane production and reduced the time required for hydrolysis, suggesting it is a promising method to improve anaerobic digestion efficiency.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chuanwu Zhao, Yaozhong Pan, Hanyi Wu, Yu Zhu
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of industrial zones on urban heat islands using remote sensing images and a novel spectral index. The research found that the contraction or expansion of industrial zones has a significant effect on land surface temperature. The results are valuable for environmental assessment and fine management of industrial cities.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bang Du, Zhongzhong Wang, Piet N. L. Lens, Xinmin Zhan, Guangxue Wu
Summary: This study investigated the performance, syntrophic relationships, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways of ethanol-fed reactors with different operational modes and solids retention times. The results showed that different microorganisms were enriched under different SRT conditions, and syntrophic bacteria related to methane production could be enriched under low SRT conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gokulan Ravindiran, Sivarethinamohan Rajamanickam, Muralikrishnan Ramalingam, Gasim Hayder, Balamurugan Karupaiya Sathaiah, Madhava Krishna Reddy Gaddam, Senthil Kumar Muniasamy, Priya Arunkumar
Summary: The present study investigated the sustainable approach for wastewater treatment using waste algal blooms. The biochar produced by the marine algae Ulva reticulata was used to remove chromium, nickel, and zinc from aqueous solutions. The study examined the adsorbents' properties and stability using SEM/EDX, FTIR, and XRD. The results showed that the biochar had high removal efficiency for the toxic metals, and the packed bed column effectively removed the heavy metal ions. The Thomas and Adams-Bohart models were found to best fit the regression values, and desorption studies were conducted to understand the sorption and elution processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Vignesh Vinayagam, Kavitha Nagarasampatti Palani, Sudha Ganesh, Siddharth Rajesh, Vedha Varshini Akula, Ramapriyan Avoodaiappan, Omkar Singh Kushwaha, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: The presence of pollutants in water contributes to global pollution and poses significant threats to humans and wildlife. Finding effective wastewater treatment techniques is crucial for reducing pollutant accumulation in the environment. This paper highlights recent advances in the electrochemical advanced oxidation method and other processes for treating pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticide-polluted effluents.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. M. M. Ahmed, Kai-Yue Chen, Fang-Yu Tsao, Yi-Cheng Hsieh, Yu-Ting Liu, Min Tzou
Summary: This study investigated the sorption of citric acid onto humic acid-iron hydr(o)xide coprecipitate (HAFHCP) and the reciprocal effects of citric acid and P sorption on HAFHCP. The results showed that citric acid could increase P availability and have an impact on P sorption.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xibo Xu, Zeqiang Wang, Xiaoning Song, Wenjie Zhan, Shuting Yang
Summary: The selection of predictor variables is crucial in building a digital mapping model for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil. Traditionally, spatial and spectral parameters have been used as predictor variables, but the temporal dimension is often overlooked. This study demonstrates the value of incorporating temporal indices in the model, leading to significant performance improvements. The temporal-spatial-spectral covariate combinations used in a random forest (RF) algorithm achieve satisfactory mapping accuracy and outperform other methods.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Pei, Xun Liu, Mengbo Cao, Zijun Wang, Hongbing Yang
Summary: Heteroatom doping can reconfigure the electronic structure of heterogeneous catalysts, leading to the development of advanced oxidation water purification materials with superior performance and stability. In this study, a series of catalysts with different elemental doping were prepared using a simple and environmentally friendly method. The S-doped NiCo2O4 catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance for the removal of Tetracycline, with significantly increased kinetic constant and high oxidation and mineralization efficiency in a wide pH range. The degradation process was dominated by non-radical oxidation pathway after S doping, and the overall process moved towards low toxicity.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Srivalli Thimmarayan, Harshavardhan Mohan, Gaddapara Manasa, Karthi Natesan, Shanmugam Mahendran, Pavithra Muthukumar Sathya, Byung-Taek Oh, R. Ravi Kumar, Rangasamy Sigamani Gandhimathi, Arul Jayaprakash, Kamala-Kannan Seralathan
Summary: This study investigated the bacterial degradation of naphthalene (NPT) isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil. Bacillus sp. GN 3.4, a potential bacteria for NPT biodegradation, was isolated and the optimal conditions for NPT degradation were determined. The study suggests that Bacillus sp. GN 3.4 could potentially aid in bioremediation by eliminating NPT from the soil.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)