Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mutlu Okcu, Yasin Varol, Sehmus Altun, Mujdat Firat
Summary: The study investigated the impact of using low reactivity fuel IBE in an RCCI engine and found the optimal premixed ratio for combustion characteristics and NOx emissions under different loads.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nataraj Ganesan, Bibhuti B. Sahoo, Porpatham Ekambaram, P. Elumalai, Olusegun D. Samuel, Christopher C. Enweremadu, Asif Afzal, C. Ahamed Saleel
Summary: This study investigates the performance, combustion characteristics, and availability analysis of three different fuels (gasoline, LPG, and syngas) in a Honda GX270 Genset engine. The results show that gasoline fuel provides higher brake thermal efficiency, while syngas operation significantly reduces emissions.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bahram Jafari, Mahdi Seddiq
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impacts of various fuel injection strategies in a heavy-duty DI diesel engine operating under diesel-syngas combustion conditions computationally using CONVERGE CFD code. The use of a SAGE combustion model and a chemical kinetic mechanism helped simulate the combustion process and emissions formation. Results showed that substituting part of diesel with a CO-H-2 mixture reduced PM and UHC emissions with a CO penalty. Additionally, advancing Main Injection Timing (MIT) increased MCT and HRRPP, raised NOx emissions, and lowered PM formation. Also, post-injection of diesel at 35 CA ATDC reduced PM and UHC emissions by nearly 26.5% and 89% compared to baseline conditions.
SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis Omotola Olanrewaju, Hu Li, Zahida Aslam, James Hammerton, Jon C. Lovett
Summary: This study investigates the impact of syngas substitution on the heat release rate (HRR) behavior and combustion phasing in a dual fuel engine. The results show that increasing the fraction of syngas leads to higher fuel consumption and increased ignition delay. The study also suggests that the use of diesel-syngas dual fuel has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions in Nigeria.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Reza Mahmoodi, Mortaza Yari, Jafar Ghafouri, Kamran Poorghasemi
Summary: Biogas can be used as a cheaper, renewable fuel in internal combustion engines. However, the variability in raw materials and production process can affect the combustion control. Research has shown that fixing the biogas components can impact the combustion behavior and emissions in internal combustion engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bahram Jafari, Mahdi Seddiq, Seyyed Mostafa Mirsalim
Summary: This research shows that increasing syngas energy ratio and adjusting diesel injection timing can effectively reduce emissions and improve engine performance. However, increasing syngas ratio may also lead to higher combustion and heat transfer losses.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sehmus Altun, Mujdat Firat, Mutlu Okcu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of hydrogen addition on combustion characteristics in a diesel engine operated in RCCI mode. The results show that adding hydrogen can improve thermal efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, but it also leads to higher NOx emissions.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mujdat Firat, Sehmus Altun, Mutlu Okcu, Yasin Varol
Summary: This study compares the combustion characteristics of conventional diesel, reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), and dual direct injection (DI2) combustion modes. The results show that while both DI2 and RCCI modes are successful in reducing NO x and Smoke Opacity, they also result in higher CO and unburned HC emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mehran Sattarzadeh, Mojtaba Ebrahimi, Seyed Ali Jazayeri
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of a heavy-duty diesel engine using different compositions of syngas fuel. The results show that adjusting the CO/H2 ratio in syngas can improve engine output power and reduce GIE. However, higher CO/H2 ratios may increase the risk of diesel knock, and syngas cannot meet the requirements for both UHC and CO simultaneously.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohit Raj Saxena, Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Summary: This study investigates the syngas fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine through parametric investigation. The chemical kinetic simulation using the stochastic reactor model (SRM) compares and evaluates different reaction mechanisms. The validated reaction mechanism is further used to study the HCCI engine at different engine speeds, equivalence ratios, syngas compositions, and inlet valve closing temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohit Raj Saxena, Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Summary: This study investigates the influence of diesel injection pressure, injection timing, and port-injected gasoline mass on nanoparticle emissions from a light-duty gasoline-diesel RCCI engine. The results show that changes in diesel injection pressure and timing have a significant impact on nanoparticle emissions, while increasing port fuel injected mass leads to higher particle concentration and unburned hydrocarbon emissions.
PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Mujdat Firat, Sehmus Altun, Mutlu Okcu, Yasin Varol
Summary: The combustion characteristics of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) were investigated using iso-propanol, petroleum diesel, biodiesel, and their blends as fuels. The results showed that increasing the premixed ratio of low-reactivity fuel (iso-propanol) prolonged the ignition delay period, reduced the combustion duration and rate of pressure rise, leading to reduced NO emissions and smoke opacity. Iso-propanol and biodiesel blends demonstrated the best performance in RCCI mode.
PROPULSION AND POWER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahdi Seddiq, Cristiana Delprete, Eugenio Brusa, Abbas Razavykia
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of piston bowl geometries, Start of Injection (SOI) timing, and syngas energy ratio on the performance of a heavy-duty off-road diesel engine. The results show that the use of a wide-shallow chamber extends the engine's operable range under diesel-syngas combustion conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sehmus Altun, Mujdat Firat, Yasin Varol, Mutlu Okcu
Summary: This study compares methanol dual-direct injection (DI2 mode) with port injection of methanol (RCCI mode) when using biodiesel and diesel fuel as High Reactivity Fuels (HRFs). DI2 shows reductions in unburned HC and CO emissions compared to RCCI mode, and slightly higher NOx emissions. In RCCI mode, NOx emissions are significantly reduced, while CO and unburned HC emissions are higher. The study also investigates the effects of premixed ratio (Rp) on combustion performance and ignition delay, finding that DI2 can control inefficient combustion during RCCI operation fueled by diesel fuel and biodiesel.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
V Praveena, M. Leenus Jesu Martin, Edwin Geo Varuvel
Summary: This experimental work addresses the challenges of waste management by converting biomass waste into useful fuel for internal combustion engines. The study analyzes the effects of different piston shapes and nozzle profiles on the energy and exergy rates of an engine running on grapeseed oil methyl ester blended with cerium oxide nano particles. The results show that adjusting the nozzle shape and hole number can improve the energy efficiency and exergetic efficiency of the engine, while reducing exhaust emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Evan Maina Maingi, Maria Pilar Alonso, Luis Alberto Angurel, Md Ashiqur Rahman, Remy Chapoulie, Stephan Dubernet, German Francisco de la Fuente
Summary: Stained-glass windows are an important part of cultural heritage, and short pulse lasers offer new opportunities for safe decontamination. In this study, the interaction of sub-nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed lasers with stained-glass was analyzed for the first time, exploring their applicability in safely cleaning stained-glass windows. The results show that damage can be induced in these materials using energy levels below damage thresholds, and two alternative irradiation procedures are proposed to control the temperature increase and apply safe cleaning protocols.
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CERAMICA Y VIDRIO
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hakan Yetis, Dogan Avci, Firat Karaboga, Canan Aksoy, Daniel Gajda, Elena Martinez, Fatih Mehmet Tanyildizi, Andrzej Zaleski, Michal Babij, Lan Maria Tran, Luis Alberto Angurel, G. F. de la Fuente, Ibrahim Belenli
Summary: We report the transport, electromechanical, and structural properties of single core MgB2/Fe wire produced using a new fabrication method called designed internal Mg diffusion (IMD) process. This method involves the use of non-stoichiometric Mg + B pellets instead of a central Mg rod in the standard IMD method. The results show that the designed IMD method significantly increases the engineering critical current density (J(e)), and the central porous MgB2 structure acts as an internal stabilizer against quench damage at high applied currents.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Amin Paykani, Hamed Chehrmonavari, Athanasios Tsolakis, Terry Alger, William F. Northrop, Rolf D. Reitz
Summary: This paper provides an extensive review of the production and application of syngas in internal combustion engines. It covers the various methods of syngas production, its physicochemical properties, and its effects on performance and emissions in different types of engines. The review highlights the importance of production methods, choice of base fuel, combustion strategy, and engine operating conditions in determining the advantages of syngas use in internal combustion engines.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luis Porta-Velilla, Neslihan Turan, Alvaro Cubero, Wei Shao, Hongtao Li, German F. de la Fuente, Elena Martinez, Angel Larrea, Miguel Castro, Haluk Koralay, Sukru Cavdar, Joern Bonse, Luis A. Angurel
Summary: This study investigates the surface nanostructures and microstructures formed on nickel tungsten alloy tapes under ultraviolet laser processing. The impact of material initial grain orientation on the induced surface structures is explored. Electron-based techniques are employed to characterize the surface morphology, and it is found that the formation of surface structures is significantly affected by the material's initial grain orientation.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Wei Shao, Cancan Liu, Qiaojun Wu, Hongtao Li, L. A. Angurel, G. F. de la Fuente, Bailing Jiang
Summary: In this study, Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic coatings were prepared on 6061 Al alloy using MAO and SLM methods. The MAO coatings exhibited a porous structure and progressive oxidation of the substrate, while the SLM coatings were denser with cracks observed on the surface. XRD analysis revealed that the ceramic coating in the MAO process consisted of m-ZrO2, t-ZrO2, and gamma-Al2O3 phases, while a Zr3O phase was also present in SLM. The MAO Al2O3-ZrO2 coating exhibited higher hardness compared to the SLM coating, and the Young's modulus of the MAO coating was lower due to higher porosity. The in-situ oxidation, heating, and solidification processes and transformation mechanisms were discussed and compared for MAO and SLM.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hamed Chehrmonavari, Amirhasan Kakaee, Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, Umberto Desideri, George Tsatsaronis, Gus Floerchinger, Robert Braun, Amin Paykani
Summary: There is a growing demand for new energy conversion devices with high efficiency and low emissions. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have received attention due to their advantages in efficiency, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and waste heat utilization. The integration of SOFCs with internal combustion engines (ICEs) can further increase overall system efficiency and has potential applications in stationary power generation and heavy-duty systems.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Joaquin Rivera-Sahun, Luis Porta-Velilla, German F. de la Fuente, Luis A. Angurel
Summary: Ice generation on wind generator blade surfaces can negatively impact generator performance. This study demonstrates the potential of using green fs lasers to micromachine blade surfaces, transforming them from initially hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, thereby reducing ice formation.
Article
Archaeology
Evan Maina Maingi, Maria Pilar Alonso, German F. de la Fuente, Stephan Dubernet, Yannick Lefrais, Remy Chapoulie, Elodie Vally, Luis A. Angurel
Summary: Laser irradiation is used for safe and controlled removal of surface deposits on different materials. In this study, an ultraviolet femtosecond pulsed laser was used to remove encrustation from a stained-glass sample, while preserving the underlying layers. The laser cleaning process proved to be effective without damaging the glass surface.
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shiyu Song, Bo Chen, Hongtao Li, Rui Shi, Cancan Liu, Bo Yang, G. F. de la Fuente
Summary: Micro-arc oxidation was used to create a high voltage resistance Al2O3-based ceramic coating on aluminum alloy. The coating's microstructure and insulating properties were characterized using XRD, SEM, and breakdown voltage testers. The growth behavior and insulation property of the oxide layer under soft regime conditions were investigated. The oxide layer showed increased alpha-Al2O3 content with longer soft plasma discharge time, leading to outward growth and denser coating with improved corrosion protection. The thickness and density of the coating layer were further enhanced by soft sparks, resulting in a breakdown voltage exceeding 1000 V after 20 minutes of soft plasma discharge. The oxide layer is suggested as a potential material for insulation shielding in etching equipment.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Md. Ashiqur Rahman, German F. de la Fuente, Jose Miguel Carretero, M. Filar Alonso Abad, Marta Navazo Ruiz, Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde, Remy Chapoulie, Nick Schiavon, Luis A. Angurel
Summary: This study evaluates the use of ultrashort 238 fs pulsed UV lasers at 343 nm for removing colored crusts and surface deposits on Cretaceous flint surfaces. The results suggest that these lasers can be an effective tool for cleaning sensitive archaeological artifacts, as they remove contaminants without causing thermal damage.
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Evan Maina Maingi, Maria P. Alonso, Luis A. Angurel, German F. de la Fuente, Stephan Dubernet, Remy Chapoulie, Oriane Mellouet, Elodie Vally
Summary: The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of chemical cleaning and laser cleaning in removing surface congruent dissolution products from a stained-glass sample. Both methods were able to eliminate the outer dark layer associated with carbon compounds and the external part of the white layer formed by salt crystallization. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were also discussed.
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Md. Ashiqur Rahman, German F. de la Fuente, Jose Miguel Carretero, M. Pilar Alonso Abad, Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde, Remy Chapoulie, Nick Schiavon, Luis A. Angurel
Summary: The impact of wavelength and pulse duration on laser cleaning of hard blackish contaminants crust from Pleistocene bone was investigated. The objective was to determine practical cleaning procedures and identify adequate laser parameters for bone cleaning from the Sima de los Huesos site. Different lasers were used to measure cleaning efficiency and assess surface damage. The results suggest that femtosecond lasers may be considered for conservation of historic and archaeological artifacts.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahdi Faghih, Agustin Valera-Medina, Zheng Chen, Amin Paykani
Summary: This study investigates the effects of radiation on spherically propagating NH3-air, NH3/CH4-air, and NH3/H2-air flames through numerical simulations. The radiation-induced uncertainty in spherical flames is quantified and compared to planar flames. The results show significant discrepancies in laminar flame speed determination due to radiation effects in NH3-air, while the radiation-induced uncertainty is less significant in NH3/CH4-air and NH3/H2-air flames.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Waruna Maddumage, Alasdair Cairns, Amin Paykani
Summary: Hairpin winding technology combined with direct oil jet impingement cooling can increase power density and efficiency in the next generation of traction motors. This study investigates the radial and axial impinging jets in a hairpin winding motor using multi-phase simulation. The results show that the maximum power losses observed in typical driving conditions are considerably lower than the maximum losses predicted for the complete operational region of the motor. Additionally, axial impinging jet demonstrates a higher oil film formation rate compared to a radial jet impingement configuration within the examined conditions.
2023 IEEE WORKSHOP ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES DESIGN, CONTROL AND DIAGNOSIS, WEMDCD
(2023)
Article
Optics
Luis Porta-Velilla, Elena Martinez, Alejandro Frechilla, Miguel Castro, German Francisco de la Fuente, Joern Bonse, Luis Alberto Angurel
Summary: The study investigates the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on stainless steel surfaces. By optimizing processing parameters and varying laser incidence angles and polarizations, different ripple surface morphologies are generated on distinct grains. The crystallographic orientation of the grains has a significant impact on LIPSS formation, and multi-step processes are suggested to improve their manufacturing.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
