Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 102, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103464
Keywords
Lymnaea stagnalis; Trichobilharzia szidati; Avian schistosome; Haemocytes; Phagocytosis; Encapsulation
Categories
Funding
- European Regional Development Fund
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000759]
- Charles University [PROGRES_Q43, UNCE/SCI/012-204072/2018, SVV260432/2018]
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Lymnaea stagnalis is a common freshwater gastropod. Importantly, the snail serves as the intermediate host for more than one hundred species of digenetic trematodes, including the avian schistosome Trichobilharzia szidati, a causative agent of cercarial dermatitis in humans. Infection of L. stagnalis by T. szidati initiates a dynamic confrontation between the host and the parasite that culminates in immunocompatibility ensuring survival and development of larvae. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms determining this immunocompatibility remain poorly characterised. By employing a variety of immune elicitors, including chemical compounds, PAMPs and bacteria, research in the last two decades has elucidated some of the molecular processes that regulate the snail internal defence response such as haemocyte signalling pathways. These discoveries provide a framework for future studies of molecular interactions between T. szidati and L. stagnalis to help elucidate factors and mechanisms enabling transmission of schistosome parasites. Moreover, support from recently available next generation sequence data and CRISPR-enabled functional genomics should further enable L. stagnalis as an important model for comparative immunology and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of immune functions in gastropod molluscs.
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