Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaodan Wang, Huiquan Zhu, Wenyuan Zhang, Yumeng Zhang, Pu Zhao, Shuwen Zhang, Xiaoyang Pang, Jacques Vervoort, Jing Lu, Jiaping Lv
Summary: In this study, the triglyceride and fatty acid composition of different types of milk samples and infant formulae were analyzed using UPLC-ESI-MS and GC techniques. The results showed that the triglyceride and fatty acid composition varied significantly among different milk samples. Furthermore, the fatty acid profiles of human milk and yak milk were unique, which has implications for optimizing dairy product composition.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Liu, Yan Liu, Qian Liu, Junying Zhao, Weicang Qiao, Bin Liu, Baoyu Yang, Lijun Chen
Summary: Phospholipids play a crucial role in infant nutrition and cognitive development. It is believed that infant formula has lower levels of phospholipid species, content, and milk fat globule structural integrity compared to human milk. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, it was found that the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin were significantly lower in infant formula than in human milk. Different types of infant formula showed variations in phospholipid species and content, with cow's milk-based formula having the highest number of species. The size, zeta potential, and amount of milk fat globules in infant formula were also lower than those in human milk. These findings can be used to improve the design of infant formula to better mimic human milk.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laurentya Olga, Janna A. van Diepen, Maciej Chichlowski, Clive J. Petry, Jacques Vervoort, David B. Dunger, Guus A. M. Kortman, Gabriele Gross, Ken K. Ong
Summary: This study investigated the origins and determining factors of butyrate in human milk and its influence on infant weight gain. The results showed that higher concentrations of butyrate in human milk were associated with lower infant weight and adiposity, especially in younger infants. Furthermore, the study found an inverse correlation between butyrate concentration and milk intake volume, suggesting a potential mechanism involving appetite regulation and modulation of milk intake.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tunde Pacza, Mayara L. Martins, Maha Rockaya, Katalin Muller, Ayan Chatterjee, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Jozsef Baranyi
Summary: This study develops a database called MilkyBase that contains the biochemical composition of human milk. The data are selected, digitized, and curated using both machine-learning and manual methods. The database allows users to find patterns in milk composition based on various factors and provides a platform for users to input their own data. The database is user-friendly and facilitates statistical analysis, uncertainty quantification, and prediction of dynamic compositions.
Article
Microbiology
Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Bianca Robertson, Kimberly A. Lackey, Courtney L. Meehan, William J. Price, James A. Foster, Daniel W. Sellen, Elizabeth W. Kamau-Mbuthia, Egidioh W. Kamundia, Samwel Mbugua, Sophie E. Moore, Andrew M. Prentice, Debela G. Kita, Linda J. Kvist, Gloria E. Otoo, Lorena Ruiz, Juan M. Rodriguez, Rossina G. Pareja, Mark A. McGuire, Lars Bode, Michelle K. McGuire
Summary: Previous studies have shown that human milk composition, including HMOs, lactose, and protein, varies by geography, and these factors are associated with differences in milk and infant fecal microbial community structures. Geographic location strongly influences the microbial composition of milk and infant feces, but samples can be categorized into a smaller number of community state types based on shared microbial profiles.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sharon Perrella, Zoya Gridneva, Ching Tat Lai, Lisa Stinson, Alexandra George, Sabrina Bilston-John, Donna Geddes
Summary: Human milk is a beneficial living fluid that plays an important role in the nutrition and health of infants. Its diverse components, including nutrients, immune protection factors, hormones, microbes, and metabolites, can promote infant development and immune system maturation.
SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Isabel Ten-Domenech, Victoria Ramos-Garcia, Marta Moreno-Torres, Anna Parra-Llorca, Maria Gormaz, Maximo Vento, Julia Kuligowski, Guillermo Quintas
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of Holder pasteurization on the metabolic and lipidomic composition of human milk. The results showed a significant decrease in fatty acids and alterations in multiple metabolic pathways. Lipidomic analysis provided further insights into the effect of pasteurization on physical and chemical properties, cellular components, and functions.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Soo Min Han, Jose G. B. Derraik, Aristea Binia, Norbert Sprenger, Mark H. Vickers, Wayne S. Cutfield
Summary: Maternal genetics play a key role in determining the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), but factors beyond genetics such as lactation stage, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and infant factors also influence HMO composition. The underlying mechanisms of how these factors impact HMO composition remain speculative, but evidence suggests a potential impact on infant growth and development. For example, certain HMOs like 2'-fucosyllactose and sialylated HMOs may be associated with increased infant weight, height, and support brain development in preterm infants.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Zoya Gridneva, Alexandra D. George, Majed A. Suwaydi, Azhar S. Sindi, Ma Jie, Lisa F. Stinson, Donna T. Geddes
Summary: Humans are exposed to environmental factors at every stage of life, including infancy. This mini-review aims to explore how these factors influence human milk composition. Current literature shows that lactation is a dynamic process and is influenced by geographical location, lifestyle, persistent pollutants, and maternal factors such as ethnicity, diet, stress, allergy, and adiposity. These factors may synergistically affect the composition of human milk and should be considered on a population scale to improve outcomes for both infants and mothers. Further large-scale international studies are needed to understand these complex relationships.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexandra Thajer, Esther Teunissen, Theresa Kainz, Elisabeth Calek, Karin Harreiter, Angelika Berger, Christoph Binder
Summary: If maternal own milk is not available, pooled donor milk is commonly used as an alternative. However, it contains less protein and fat compared to maternal milk and may affect growth. Donor milk from mothers of preterm infants is a potential alternative with higher protein levels, but its impact on growth and body composition is unclear.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ali S. Cheema, Lisa F. Stinson, Alethea Rea, Ching Tat Lai, Matthew S. Payne, Kevin Murray, Donna T. Geddes, Zoya Gridneva
Summary: This study found that infant body composition is related to the concentrations and daily intakes of lactose, insulin, and glucose in human milk, as well as maternal body composition and 24-hour milk intake. In conclusion, 24-hour milk intake, lactose, and maternal adiposity are associated with the development of infant body composition.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Wusun Li, Jingxuan Wang, Yingying Lin, Yixuan Li, Fazheng Ren, Huiyuan Guo
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse sugars highly abundant in human milk, with beneficial functions on infants such as modulating gut microbiota and promoting brain development. While some HMOs have been demonstrated safe to be added into infant formula, their application is currently limited by insufficient availability, calling for further basic and clinical studies in this field.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yue Pan, Lu Liu, Songfan Tian, Xiaodong Li, Muhammad Hussain, Chunmei Li, Lihong Zhang, Qiumei Zhang, Youbin Leng, Shilong Jiang, Shuyan Liang
Summary: The study analyzed and compared fat globule interfacial compositions and structures in human milk and three types of infant formulas (IF1, IF2, IF3). While IF1 was closer to human milk in terms of interfacial protein composition, it still lacked certain important bioactive proteins. Differences were also found in interfacial phospholipids between human milk and infant formulas, with IF1 having the closest composition. However, the study concluded that despite the inclusion of MFGM, infant formulas did not replicate the fat globule structures found in human milk.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali S. Cheema, Zoya Gridneva, Annalee J. Furst, Ana S. Roman, Michelle L. Trevenen, Berwin A. Turlach, Ching T. Lai, Lisa F. Stinson, Lars Bode, Matthew S. Payne, Donna T. Geddes
Summary: This study found relationships between human milk bacterial profiles and HMO concentrations with infant body composition, with these relationships being modified by maternal secretor status.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kruti B. Shah, Steven D. Chernausek, Lori D. Garman, Nathan P. Pezant, Jasmine F. Plows, Harmeet K. Kharoud, Ellen W. Demerath, David A. Fields
Summary: Breast milk is a rich source of microRNAs, specifically miRNAs. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal overweight/obesity on select miRNAs related to adipogenesis and glucose metabolism, and their relationship with infant body composition. The findings showed that miR-148a and miR-30b were significantly lower in overweight/obese mothers compared to normal-weight mothers at 1 month, with associations between these miRNAs and infant weight and body composition.
