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The sex-specific interaction of the microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases

Journal

BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 1724, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146385

Keywords

Microbiota; Sex; Neurologic disease; Gender

Categories

Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health, United States [1R01NS087226]
  2. Brigham Health Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Women's Brain Initiative, United States
  3. Women's Alzheimer's Movement, United States
  4. National MS Society
  5. American Academy of Neurology, United States [FAN-1707-28798]

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Several neurologic diseases exhibit different prevalence and severity in males and females, highlighting the importance of understanding the influence of biologic sex and gender. Beyond host-intrinsic differences in neurologic development and homeostasis, evidence is now emerging that the microbiota is an important environmental factor that may account for differences between men and women in neurologic disease. The gut microbiota is composed of trillions of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, that can confer benefits to the host or promote disease. There is bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain that is mediated via immunologic, endocrine, and neural signaling pathways. While there is substantial interindividual variation within the microbiota, differences between males and females can be detected. In animal models, sex-specific microbiota differences can affect susceptibility to chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the ways in which neurologic diseases may be regulated by the microbiota in a sex-specific manner.

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