4.8 Article

The sweet detection of rolling circle amplification: Glucose-based electrochemical genosensor for the detection of viral nucleic acid

Journal

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 151, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.112002

Keywords

Molecular diagnostics; Rolling-circle-amplification (RCA); Ebola virus; Glucose oxidase; Chronoamperometric readout; Point-of-care

Funding

  1. EbolaMoDRAD project from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking [115843]
  2. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Starting Grant Programme) [K-2017-0371]
  3. Swedish Research Council [VR-2017-4887]
  4. European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program New Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases (ND4ID) [675412]
  5. Alfonso Martin Escudero Foundation

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Herein, an isothermal padlock probe-based assay for the simple and portable detection of pathogens coupled with a glucose oxidase (GOx)-based electrochemical readout is reported. Infectious diseases remain a constant threat on a global scale, as in recurring pandemics. Rapid and portable diagnostics hold the promise to tackle the spreading of diseases and decentralising healthcare to point-of-care needs. Ebola, a hypervariable RNA virus causing fatalities of up to 90% for recent outbreaks in Africa, demands immediate attention for bedside diagnostics. The design of the demonstrated assay consists of a rolling circle amplification (RCA) technique, responsible for the generation of nucleic acid amplicons as RCA products (RCPs). The RCPs are generated on magnetic beads (MB) and subsequently, connected via streptavidin-biotin bonds to GOx. The enzymatic catalysis of glucose by the bound GOx allows for an indirect electrochemical measurement of the DNA target. The RCPs generated on the surface of the MB were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, and among other experimental conditions such as the type of buffer, temperature, concentration of GOx, sampling and measurement time were evaluated for the optimum electrochemical detection. Accordingly, 125 mu g mL(-1) of GOx with 5 mM glucose using phosphate buffer saline (PBS), monitored for 1 mM were selected as the ideal conditions. Finally, we assessed the analytical performance of the biosensing strategy by using clinical samples of Ebola virus from patients. Overall, this work provides a proof-of-concept bioassay for simple and portable molecular diagnostics of emerging pathogens using electrochemical detection, especially in resource-limited settings.

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