Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 88, Issue 1, Pages 51-62Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.015
Keywords
Adolescents; Heterogeneity; Imaging; Neurobiology; Psychopathology; Youth
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health [K99MH117274, R01MH107703, R01MH113550, R01MH120482, R01NS085211, R01MH112847]
- Lifespan Brain Institute at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Young Investigator Award
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Psychiatric disorders show high rates of comorbidity and nonspecificity of presenting clinical symptoms, while demonstrating substantial heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. Notably, many of these psychiatric disorders first manifest in youth. We review progress and next steps in efforts to parse heterogeneity in psychiatric symptoms in youths by identifying abnormalities within neural circuits. To address this fundamental challenge in psychiatry, a number of methods have been proposed. We provide an overview of these methods, broadly organized into dimensional versus categorical approaches and single-view versus multiview approaches. Dimensional approaches including factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis aim to capture dimensional associations between psychopathology and brain measures across a continuous spectrum from health to disease. In contrast, categorical approaches, such as clustering and community detection, aim to identify subtypes of individuals within a class of symptoms or brain features. We highlight several studies that apply these methods to samples of youths and discuss issues to consider when using these approaches. Finally, we end by highlighting avenues for future research.
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