Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 318, Issue 4, Pages G796-G802Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2019
Keywords
active stem cells; intestinal epithelium; plasticity model; reserve stem cells
Categories
Funding
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research
- Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium [U01 DK-085507]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
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The gastrointestinal system is arguably one of the most complicated developmental systems in a multicellular organism, as it carries out at least four major functions: digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, excretion of hormones, and defense against pathogens. Anatomically, the fetal gut has a tubular structure with an outer layer of smooth muscle derived from lateral splanchnic mesoderm and an inner lining of epithelium derived from the definitive endoderm. During morphogenesis of the gut tube, the definitive endoderm transforms into a primitive gut tube with a foregut, midgut, and hindgut. During the course of further development, the midgut gives rise to the small and proximal large intestine and the hindgut gives rise to the distal large intestine and rectum. The small intestine is subdivided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas the large intestine is subdivided into the cecum, colon, and rectum.
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